Transfersomes as alternative topical nanodosage forms for the treatment of skin disorders

Nanomedicine ◽

10.2217/nnm-2021-0335 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pablo Oyarzún ◽

Eduardo Gallardo-Toledo ◽

Javier Morales ◽

Francisco Arriagada

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Topical Treatment ◽

Skin Penetration ◽

Unique Characteristic ◽

Topical Drug Delivery ◽

Skin Disorders ◽

Therapeutic Applications ◽

Clinical Benefits ◽

Pass Through

Topical drug delivery is a promising approach to treat different skin disorders. However, it remains a challenge mainly due to the nature and rigidity of the nanosystems, which limit deep skin penetration, and the unsuccessful demonstration of clinical benefits; greater penetration by itself, does not ensure pharmacological success. In this context, transfersomes have appeared as promising nanosystems; deformability, their unique characteristic, allows them to pass through the epidermal microenvironment, improving the skin drug delivery. This review focuses on the comparison of transfersomes with other nanosystems (e.g., liposomes), discusses recent therapeutic applications for the topical treatment of different skin disorders and highlights the need for further studies to demonstrate significant clinical benefits of transfersomes compared with conventional therapies.

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Topical Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics14010134 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 134

Author(s):

Marina Löscher ◽

Chiara Seiz ◽

José Hurst ◽

Sven Schnichels

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Animal Models ◽

Treatment Option ◽

Topical Treatment ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Ocular Drug Delivery ◽

Posterior Segment ◽

Retinal Diseases ◽

Topical Drug Delivery ◽

Ocular Pharmacokinetics

Topical drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye is a very complex challenge. However, topical delivery is highly desired, to achieve an easy-to-use treatment option for retinal diseases. In this review, we focus on the drug characteristics that are relevant to succeed in this challenge. An overview on the ocular barriers that need to be overcome and some relevant animal models to study ocular pharmacokinetics are given. Furthermore, a summary of substances that were able to reach the posterior segment after eye drop application is provided, as well as an outline of investigated delivery systems to improve ocular drug delivery. Some promising results of substances delivered to the retina suggest that topical treatment of retinal diseases might be possible in the future, which warrants further research.

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Nanotechnology-Based Topical Drug Delivery Systems for Management of Dandruff and Seborrheic Dermatitis: An overview

Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512) ◽

10.31351/vol29iss1pp12-32 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 12-32

Author(s):

Lena M. Thomas ◽

Abeer H. Khasraghi

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Patient Compliance ◽

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Drug Formulation ◽

Topical Drug Delivery ◽

Skin Disorders ◽

Common Skin

Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis (SD) are common skin disorders affecting the scalp and extending to other body sites in the case of SD. They are associated with pruritus and scaling, causing an esthetical disturbance in the population affected. Treatment of such conditions involves using a variety of drugs for long terms, thus optimizing drug formulation is essential to improve therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. Conventional topical formulations like shampoos and creams have been widely used but their use is associated with disadvantages. To overcome such effects, novel topical nanotechnology-based formulations are currently under investigation. In the following article, we highlight recently published formulation approaches used to improve topical dandruff/SD therapy

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Insights of lyotropic liquid crystals in topical drug delivery for targeting various skin disorders

Journal of Molecular Liquids ◽

10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113771 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 315 ◽

pp. 113771 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vamshi Krishna Rapalli ◽

Tejashree Waghule ◽

Neha Hans ◽

Arisha Mahmood ◽

Srividya Gorantla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Liquid Crystals ◽

Lyotropic Liquid Crystals ◽

Topical Drug Delivery ◽

Skin Disorders

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Ionic liquids with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium cation as an enhancer for topical drug delivery: Synthesis, characterization, and skin-penetration evaluation

Journal of Molecular Liquids ◽

10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112166 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 299 ◽

pp. 112166 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Rahman Md Moshikur ◽

Md Raihan Chowdhury ◽

Rie Wakabayashi ◽

Yoshiro Tahara ◽

Noriho Kamiya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Skin Penetration ◽

Topical Drug Delivery

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Limitations and Opportunities in Topical Drug Delivery: Interaction Between Silica Nanoparticles and Skin Barrier

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190404121507 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 455-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francisco Arriagada ◽

Javier Morales

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Silica Nanoparticles ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Skin Penetration ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Penetration Enhancers ◽

Topical Drug Delivery ◽

Skin Delivery ◽

The Stability

The first limiting barrier for the transport in the skin is the stratum corneum; different strategies have been developed to overcome this barrier, including chemical enhancers. However, these penetration enhancers have limitations, including toxic adverse effects. In this context, research into nanomaterials has provided new tools to increase the residence time of drugs by generating a reservoir, increasing the specificity of drugs and reducing their adverse effects, and improving the penetration of drugs that are difficult to formulate. Silica nanoparticles have been proposed as suitable nanocarriers for skin delivery. Unfortunately, the mechanisms involved in the interaction, transport and fate of silica nanoparticles in the skin have not been fully investigated. This paper reviews significant findings about the interaction between silica-based nanocarriers and the skin. First, this review focuses on the properties and functions of the skin, the skin penetration properties of silica nanoparticles, their synthesis strategies and their toxicity. Finally, advances and evidence on the application of silica nanocarriers in skin drug delivery are provided, in which the use of nanoparticles increases the stability and solubility of the bioactive compound, enhancing its performance, act as penetrator enhancer and improving controlled release. Thus, improving the treatment of some skin disorders.

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Topical Drug Delivery of Anti-infectives Employing Lipid-Based Nanocarriers: Dermatokinetics as an Important Tool

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190118155843 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (43) ◽

pp. 5108-5128 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kanika Thakur ◽

Gajanand Sharma ◽

Bhupindar Singh ◽

Om Prakash Katare

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Patient Compliance ◽

Skin Permeation ◽

Skin Penetration ◽

Topical Delivery ◽

Controlled Drug Release ◽

Topical Drug Delivery ◽

Promising Strategy ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

Background:The therapeutic approaches for the management of topical infections have always been a difficult approach due to lack of efficacy of conventional topical formulations, high frequency of topical applications and non-patient compliance. The major challenge in the management of topical infections lies in antibiotic resistance which leads to severe complications and hospitalizations resulting in economic burden and high mortality rates.Methods:Topical delivery employing lipid-based carriers has been a promising strategy to overcome the challenges of poor skin permeation and retention along with large doses which need to be administered systemically. The use of lipid-based delivery systems is a promising strategy for the effective topical delivery of antibiotics and overcoming drug-resistant strains in the skin. The major systems include transfersomes, niosomes, ethosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, microemulsion and nanoemulsion as the most promising drug delivery approaches to treat infectious disorders. The main advantages of these systems include lipid bilayer structure which mimics the cell membrane and can fuse with infectious microbes. The numerous advantages associated with nanocarriers like enhanced efficacy, improvement in bioavailability, controlled drug release and ability to target the desired infectious pathogen have made these carriers successful.Conclusion:Despite the number of strides taken in the field of topical drug delivery in infectious diseases, it still requires extensive research efforts to have a better perspective of the factors that influence drug permeation along with the mechanism of action with regard to skin penetration and deposition. The final objective of the therapy is to provide a safe and effective therapeutic approach for the management of infectious diseases affecting topical sites leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and patient-compliance.

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The factors determining the skin penetration and cellular uptake of nanocarriers: New hope for clinical development

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612827666210810091745 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

Author(s):

Afsaneh Farjami ◽

Sara Salatin ◽

Samira Jafari ◽

Mohammad Mahmoudian ◽

Mitra Jelvehgari

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Skin Permeation ◽

Direct Interaction ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Skin Penetration ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Skin Permeability ◽

Topical Drug Delivery ◽

Major Barrier ◽

Composition And Structure

: The skin provides a protective barrier against toxic environments and also offers a valuable route for topical drug delivery. The stratum corneum (SC) is the outermost layer of the skin and serves as the major barrier to chemical transfer through the skin. The human skin barrier is particularly diffcult to overcome because of the complex composition and structure of the SC. Nanoparticulate carriers have gained widespread attention in topical drug delivery due to their tunable and versatile properties. The present review summarizes the main factors involved in the skin penetration of nanocarriers containing drug. Employment of nanotechnology in topical delivery has grown progressively during recent years; however, it is important to monitor the skin penetration of nanocarriers prior to their use due to avoid possible toxic effects. Nanocarriers can act as a means to increase the skin permeation of drugs by supporting a direct interaction with the SC and increasing the period of permanence on the skin. The skin penetration is influenced by the physicochemical characteristics of nanocarriers such as composition, size, shape, surface chemistry as well as skin features. Considering that the target of topical systems based on nanocarriers is the penetration of therapeutic agents in the skin layers, so a detailed understanding of the factors influencing skin permeability of nanocarriers is essential for safe and efficient therapeutic applications.

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