Breeding brains? Patients’ and laymen’s perspectives on cerebral organoids

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2351-2360
Author(s):  
Dolly R Haselager ◽  
Sarah N Boers ◽  
Karin R Jongsma ◽  
Christiaan H Vinkers ◽  
Marike L Broekman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Ethical Debate ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Empirical Material

Aim: To explore the perspectives of patients and laymen with regard to the development, use and storage of cerebral organoids, in order to contribute to the ethical debate about this technology. Materials & methods: In depth semi-structured interviews with 28 patients and laymen were conducted. A qualitative thematic analysis was undertaken using a constant comparative method. Results: Three interrelated themes emerged from the empirical material: moral value; willingness to donate; and elements of good governance. Conclusion: Patients and laymen are most concerned about cerebral organoids potentially developing consciousness and potential misuse. They support the use of cerebral organoids under the conditions that donors are adequately informed and that there will be good governance. Perspectives of patients and laymen are helpful to enable responsible development and use of cerebral organoids in practice.

“My Roommates Would Laugh at me”: Young Males Reveal Embarrassment over Lack of Food Skills

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kristen Simonds ◽  
Lucy Yixuan Zhang ◽  
June I. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
And Storage

Purpose: This descriptive qualitative study explored young males’ perceptions of food skills in 3 domains: food selection and planning, food preparation, and food safety and storage. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Results: Forty-four young men (aged 17–35) reported varying levels of food skills, from little/no confidence to very confident and skilled. Most participants learned food skills from their mothers. Greater involvement in food selection and planning at a young age appeared to be related to parental influence and encouragement, exposure to food skills at school, and interest in food-related activities, which, in turn, provided a solid foundation for being confident cooks as young adults. Most notable was the lack of knowledge about, or confidence in, food safety and storage. Young men with low self-perceived food skills were deeply embarrassed about this deficiency in front of peers who had higher levels of confidence and skills. Conclusions: Future interventions or curricula should emphasize food safety and storage. This research also illustrates the importance of the home environment in teaching food skills to youth and ensuring that food skills are taught well before young adults begin living independently.

scholarly journals Care of Children With Disabilities in Rural Areas: Meanings and Impact on Everyday life and Health. Study Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 160940692094760
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Cantero-Garlito ◽  
Juan Antonio Flores-Martos ◽  
Pedro Moruno-Miralles
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
Maternal Caregiving ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
The Impact

The general objective of this study is to describe and analyze the meanings that participants gave to the experience related to maternal caregiving activities of children with disabilities in the rural context and their impact on daily life and health. In order to achieve this general objective, the following specific objectives were established: (1) To describe the meanings given to experiences related to caregiving activities of children with disabilities; (2) To analyze the impact on daily life and health that these mothers attribute to those activities; (3) To describe how they experience the support provided by the social and healthcare system in rural areas. An interpretative paradigm was selected, using a qualitative approach and a phenomenological design. Twelve mothers were included. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. A discourse analysis of the narrative information was performed using open, axial, and selective coding processes and the constant comparative method.

scholarly journals A Grounded theory study of the intention of nurses to leave the profession

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyla Alilu ◽  
Vahid Zamanzadeh ◽  
Leila Valizadeh ◽  
Hosein Habibzadeh ◽  
Mark Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Grounded Theory Method ◽  
Psychosocial Concerns ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Bedside Nursing ◽  
Organizational Expectations

ABSTRACT Objective: this study explores the process of the development of an intention to leave bedside nursing. Method: the process was studied from the perspective of 21 nurses using the grounded theory method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and the constant comparative method of Corbin and Strauss was used for data analysis. Results: according to the participants, the two main categories, "social image of nursing", and "culture and structure of the bedside", were the contextual factors that influence why nurses are leaving bedside care provision. Disappointment with a perceived lack of progress or improvement in the clinical experience formed primary psychosocial concerns for the participants. Competence and a process of self-control were steps taken by the participants. These, associated with interventional conditions produced the outcomes of the loss of professional commitment and desire to leave bedside nursing. "Failure to integrate personal expectations with organizational expectations: in search of escape" was the central category of the study that linked the categories together. Conclusion: the findings of this study provide useful information about the needs of nurses for overcoming the intention to leave bedside care. The identification of this process can help in recognizing emerging problems and providing solutions for them.

scholarly journals Cultural identity of bilingual adults : a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anastasiia Gorlova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
Hybrid Identities ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Research Findings

This case study of the cultural identity of bilingual adults aims to discover the changes in the self-identification of sequential Russian-English bilingual adults that occur as a result of the immersion in the second language and culture. The study strives to answer the question of the change in self-identification of bilingual adults and the way they perceive those changes as well as the role that language plays in the transformation of identity. The participants of the study are Russian-born graduate students pursuing their graduate studies at the Universities in the United States. The data for this qualitative study were gathered through oral semi-structured interviews and samples of participants' writing and analyzed using the constant comparative method. The research findings show that the participants of the study are situated on a various levels of the construction of hybrid identities. Among the factors that influenced that transformation of identity, the most were the loss of network and connections and the differences between American and Russian cultures. Additionally, language as a factor in the change of self-identification affects the identity when individuals temporarily lose the ability to communicate and then learn new communication strategies that involve a system of both languages based on the principles of efficient communication.

scholarly journals Patients’ and Caregivers’ Conceptualisations of Pressure Ulcers and the Process of Decision-Making in the Context of Home Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2719
Author(s):  
Francisco José García-Sánchez ◽  
Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno ◽  
Beatriz Rodríguez-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Personal Motivation ◽  
Constant Comparative Method

Background: Although the addition of patients in the process of shared decision-making can improve their recovery, there is a lack of knowledge about patients’ and caregivers’ perceptions on the management of pressure ulcers at home. Objectives: To explore the conceptualisations of patients with pressure ulcers and their caregivers on the barriers and facilitators for their involvement in home care and in the process of shared decision-making regarding the care provided. Methods: A qualitative study based on grounded theory in a theoretical sample of 10 patients with pressure ulcers and 15 main caregivers from the health district of Puertollano (Spain). The data were based on semi-structured interviews, analysed using a coding process and the constant comparative method. Results: According to the participants, personal motivation and the involvement of primary care professionals facilitated their participation in the process of shared decision-making and generated feelings of positivity. In contrast, older age, having disabling pathologies, a low educational level or health paternalism were perceived as barriers for their involvement. Conclusions: A non-paternalistic care model and personal motivation facilitate the process of shared decision-making in the care of people with pressure ulcers. Further studies are required to deepen the understanding of this phenomenon and examine the barriers and facilitators for the involvement of patients and caregivers in the management of these injuries in other contexts.

scholarly journals Facilitators and Barriers to Wearing Hand Orthoses by Adults with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Mixed Methods Study Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-475
Author(s):  
S.L.S. Houwen-van Opstal ◽  
Y.M.E.M. van den Elzen ◽  
M. Jansen ◽  
M.A.A.P. Willemsen ◽  
E.H.C. Cup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers

Background: To retard shortening of finger flexors in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), hand orthoses are prescribed. However, many patients do not wear the orthoses regularly. To optimize orthotic interventions, we need insight into the factors influencing compliance. Objective: To evaluate the compliance regarding hand orthoses in an adult DMD population and to explore experiences and perceptions of DMD patients wearing orthoses, and of their caregivers. Methods: Mixed methods observational study, combining quantitative and qualitative data from medical charts combined with qualitative semi-structured interviews using a constant comparative method and a short validated questionnaire (D-QUEST). Results: 65 medical charts were analyzed. 48 patients were assessed as needing hand orthoses, of whom 37.5 % were compliant. Qualitative data analyses revealed (1) motivation: preservation of hand function; (2) barriers: discomfort and impediments; (3) facilitators: good fit and personalized wearing schedule; (4) fitting process: satisfactory, but patients do not readily seek help when barriers appear. Conclusions: Patients are motivated to wear hand orthoses, but often discontinue use because of orthosis-and disease-specific barriers. The identification of these barriers leads to practical and feasible recommendations concerning the orthoses and the fitting process, such as less rigid material, preservation of some function while wearing the orthoses, and fixed evaluation points. The findings were confirmed by the D-QUEST.

A Qualitative Study of Teachers' Understanding of Sustainability

2015 ◽  
pp. 206-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiaowei Cristina Chang ◽  
Resa Marie Kelly ◽  
Ellen P. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Real World ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Constant Comparative

This qualitative study was focused on exploring how in-service teachers' who were attending a three-day “Educating for Sustainability” workshop made sense of sustainability. Another goal of this study was to examine teachers' perceptions of the portrayal of the three dimensions of sustainability (environment, economy and social equity) in short movies that served as “real world” exemplars of sustainability that were freely available online through YouTube or other websites. Data was collected largely through individual semi-structured interviews, but also through questionnaires and written and drawn documentation. The findings, obtained through the constant-comparative method of coding, indicated that teachers' spontaneous descriptions of sustainability emphasized the environmental and economic dimensions of sustainability, but overlooked the equity dimension of sustainability. The videos helped teachers incorporate the 3E's into their sustainability discussions when all three dimensions were addressed, but when the social equity dimension was missing, then it tended to go unnoticed.

The Writing Process and Multimodal Composition

2014 ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
William Kist
Keyword(s):  
Writing Process ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Comic Strip ◽  
Multimodal Composition ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Constant Comparative ◽  
Professional Artists ◽  
Nonlinear Fashion

This chapter expands upon an interior monologue the author created during the experience of composing a comic strip for publication. Building on this reflection regarding the processes of composing in multimodal form and on the work of John Steiner (1997), four professional artists were interviewed using semi-structured interviews to get at the steps they take when writing multimodally. Categories of the data are uncovered and refined using the constant-comparative method. Some of these trends include: gaining knowledge through practice of a medium’s structure and affordances including the necessity of writing in nonlinear fashion and being able to write collaboratively. Implications for instruction are suggested.

scholarly journals How are Professional Programs from Diverse Disciplines Approaching the Development and Assessment of Competence at a Mid-Sized Canadian University?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Rich ◽  
Don Klinger ◽  
Sue Fostaty Young ◽  
Catherine Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Professional Programs ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Assessment Of Competence ◽  
Competence Framework ◽  
Embedded Case Study

Time-honoured university policies, such as the credit-hour and academic freedom, present challenges for professional education programs tasked with operationalizing entry-to-practice competence frameworks for professional accreditation. A single embedded case study was used to explore how professional programs from one mid-sized Canadian university are approaching and perhaps problematizing the development and assessment of competence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with educational leaders (faculty and staff, n=21) from a sample of nine programs. Following a grounded theory approach to qualitative analysis, the constant comparative method was used to inductively discern similarities and differences across programs, and to begin building theory about approaches to operationalization. While limited in scope given the use of a single university, our findings highlight: (a) diversity in approaches to operationalization across programs, (b) common attributes which can be used to classify the manner in which these programs operationalize competence, and (c) challenges with supporting faculty to buy in to competency-informed pedagogy and assessment. Given these findings, it is recommended that professional accrediting bodies and education programs spend time to consider the role university-based programs play in determining competence for entry-to-practice, as well their intents for implementing a competence framework, to ensure sufficiency in the approaches being used.

scholarly journals Myths and Realities about Language of Instruction in Pakistan: Parental Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1055
Author(s):  
Habibullah Pathan ◽  
Khalid Hussain Channa ◽  
Shumaila Memon ◽  
Waqar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Language Ideology ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Sampling Constant

Language of learning and language of state requires proper awareness in multilingual countries. It demands much clarity if the role of a language in learning is to be acknowledged on the academic achievement grounds. Language of instruction is a controversial issue in Pakistan. Language policies and practices play vital role in shaping the perceptions of individual for the choice of any language. These perceptions may be based on reality or merely myths. Parents are major beneficiary or sufferer of the outcome of the education of their children. This article aims to explore perceptions of parents for the choice of language for the education of their children. By drawing upon Woolard & Schieffelin’s Language Ideology Model (1994), this paper analyses how parents perceive the importance of language of instruction for the education of their children. The researchers conducted 20 semi structured interviews from parents of Hyderabad Town by using Maximum Variation Sampling. Constant Comparative Method (Lincoln & Guba, 1985) of analysis is used as an analytic technique to discover perceptions of parents regarding language of instruction for the education their children. This research implies that perceptions of parents are fraught with myths and misunderstandings of past practices and unclear language policies in Pakistan. This study recommends that parents’ voice must effectively be included in the making of language policy and they must be made aware of the researches in learning mother tongue or second language as the language of instruction for the education of their children.

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