scholarly journals Economic loss, amount of beef discarded, natural resources wastage, and environmental impact due to beef discoloration

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjith Ramanathan ◽  
Lixia H Lambert ◽  
Mahesh Narayanan Nair ◽  
Brad Morgan ◽  
Ryan Feuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Retail Store ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Red Color ◽  
The Us ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
The Impact

Consumers associate a bright-cherry red color of beefwith freshness and wholesomeness. Any deviation from a bright red color leadsto a discounted price or beef is discarded. Limited data is currently availableon the economic losses due to retail beef discoloration. Therefore, theobjective of the study was to estimate economic losses, the amount of beefdiscarded, natural resource wastage, and environmental impact due to beefdiscoloration. One-year data of total beef sales, total beef discarded, and discountedsale values were collected from two national retail chains and one retailstore. The two retail chains were located throughout the US, and the one retailstore was located in Southern US. The US beef system life cycle parameters frompublished literature were used to calculate the impact of discarded meat on waterand energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. The data from three stores weremodeled to calculate annual loss due to discoloration from the US retail beefsales. The data indicated that total beef sales from two major retail chainsand one retail store was 1.1 billion pounds of steaks and ground beef for theone-year period. This amount of beef corresponds to approximately 6.5% of totalretail sales of steaks and ground beef in the US. The amount of beef discardedfrom two major retail chains and one retail store corresponds to 29.7 millionpounds. Based on modeled data, the amount of beef discarded annually due todiscoloration within the US retail beef industry corresponds to 429 millionpounds, with another 1.8 billion pounds sold at a discount. The results indicatethat the US beef industry losses $3.745 billion annually due to discoloration. Thetotal amount of beef discarded per year in the US corresponds to 429 millionpounds, which represents wasting 780,000 animals and the associated naturalresources used in their production. A 1% decrease in discolored beef in the UScould reduce natural resource waste and environmental impacts by 23.95 billionL in water, 96.88 billion mega Joules in energy consumed, and 0.40 million tonsof carbon dioxide equivalent emission along the beef upstream value chain.Therefore, novel technologies to improve meat color stability could improvebeef production’s sustainability and limit wastage of nutritious beef.  

The Political Economy and Political Aesthetics of Military Maps

2019 ◽  
pp. 184-205
Author(s):  
Catherine Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
The Political ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Political Aesthetics ◽  
The Us ◽  
Representational Power ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores the representational power of maps and the violence inherent in removing volume with two-dimensional ‘objectivity’. The focus is on maps, norms and militarist institutions in Guam, foregrounding underexplored aesthetic dimensions in reports on the environmental impact of the US presence. The impact of overseas US bases is striking, a global archipelago of military infrastructure that impacts on ‘strategic and disposable’ island populations. This chapter recognizes the layers of security available even in ‘transparent’ maps.

scholarly journals Which Diet Has the Least Environmental Impact on Our Planet? A Systematic Review of Vegan, Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingli Clark Chai ◽  
Johannes Reidar van der Voort ◽  
Kristina Grofelnik ◽  
Helga Gudny Eliasdottir ◽  
Ines Klöss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Dairy Food ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

The food that we consume has a large impact on our environment. The impact varies significantly between different diets. The aim of this systematic review is to address the question: Which diet has the least environmental impact on our planet? A comparison of a vegan, vegetarian and omnivorous diets. This systematic review is based on 16 studies and 18 reviews. The included studies were selected by focusing directly on environmental impacts of human diets. Four electronic bibliographic databases, PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science were used to conduct a systematic literature search based on fixed inclusion and exclusion criteria. The durations of the studies ranged from 7 days to 27 years. Most were carried out in the US or Europe. Results from our review suggest that the vegan diet is the optimal diet for the environment because, out of all the compared diets, its production results in the lowest level of GHG emissions. Additionally, the reviewed studies indicate the possibility of achieving the same environmental impact as that of the vegan diet, without excluding the meat and dairy food groups, but rather, by reducing them substantially.

scholarly journals Investigation of superstorm Sandy 2012 in a multi-disciplinary approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kunz ◽  
B. Mühr ◽  
T. Kunz-Plapp ◽  
J.E. Daniell ◽  
B. Khazai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Weather System ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. At the end of October 2012, Hurricane Sandy moved from the Caribbean Sea into the Atlantic Ocean and entered the United States not far from New York. Along its track, Sandy caused more than 200 fatalities and severe losses in Jamaica, Bahamas, Haiti, Cuba, and the US. This paper demonstrates the capability and potential for near-real time analysis of catastrophes. It is shown that the impact of Sandy was driven by the superposition of different extremes (high wind speeds, storm surge, heavy precipitation) and by cascading effects. In particular the interaction between Sandy and an extra-tropical weather system created a huge storm that affected large areas in the US. It is examined how Sandy compares to historic hurricane events, both from a hydro-meteorological and impact perspective. The distribution of losses to different sectors of the economy is calculated with simple input-output models as well as government estimates. Direct economic losses are estimated about 4.2 billion US$ in the Caribbean and between 78 and 97 billion US$ for the US. Indirect economic losses from power outages is estimated in the order of 16.3 billion US$. Modelling sector-specific dependencies, quantifies total business interruption losses between 10.8 and 15.5 billion US$. Thus, seven years after the record impact of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Hurricane Sandy is the second costliest hurricane in the history of the United States.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Macroeconomic Aggregates of the European Union

ECONOMICS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Đukić ◽  
Mirjana Štaka ◽  
Dajana Drašković
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
Economic Migration ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Macroeconomic Aggregates

Abstract Economic experts’ predictions of a slowdown in the EU’s global economy and economic growth in the year 2020 were based on various risks and uncertainties existing on a world scale, ranging from the US-China trade war, traditionally strained relations of the EU and the US on the one hand and the Russian Federation on the other, all the way to BREXIT and economic migration to developed EU countries. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has further aggravated those forecasts, so that the entire EU is recording a historic decline in all macroeconomic aggregates. The beginning of the pandemic in the EU was accompanied by the complete border lockdown of the entire Union, which greatly affected the economies of the member states. The EU is experiencing a decline of both real and nominal GDP, declining incomes, employment decline and unemployment increase. This paper will investigate the impact of COVID-19 onto GDP, unemployment, and EU public debt. Correlation-regression analysis confirms the positive correlation between these variables and the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the economic crisis, a crisis of EU health systems, which requires huge economic investments. A more prominent economic recovery is hard to expect until the global pandemic ends. One thing is for certain, this economic crisis will continue in 2021, whereby a more significant recovery is expected only in the year 2022. Certainly, it will take years to make up for the economic losses caused by the pandemic.

The Impact of Information Technologies on the US Beef Industry's Supply Chain

2010 ◽  
pp. 1343-1360
Author(s):  
Brian D. Neureuther ◽  
George N. Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
The Us ◽  
Meat Packing ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Historically, the growth of the beef industry has been hampered by the various entities (breeders, cow-calf producers, stockers, backgrounders) within the beef industry’s supply chain. The primary obstacles to growth are the large number of participants in the upstream partners and the lack of coordination between them. Over the last decade significant advances have been made in information technologies. Many new companies have been founded to promote these technical advances. This research looks at the upstream participants, primarily the buyer agencies and principles between the cow-calf producers and the meat packing companies, to determine the degree to which information technologies are currently being utilized and the degree to which these new technologies have driven improvements within the beef industry’s supply chain. We find through our survey that, by and large, the beef industry does not use information technologies to their benefit and that the U.S. beef supply chain is not yet strategically poised to enable the use of these technologies.

Nitrogen balance as an indicator of environmental impact: Toward sustainable agricultural production

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Sassenrath ◽  
J.M. Schneider ◽  
R. Gaj ◽  
W. Grzebisz ◽  
J.M. Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Nutrient Budgets ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEfficient nutrient use is critical to ensure economical crop production while minimizing the impact of excessive nutrient applications on the environment. Nitrogen (N) is a key component of agricultural production, both as an input to support crop production and as a waste product of livestock production. Increasing concern for future sustainability of agricultural production and preservation of the natural resource base has led to the development of nutrient budgets as indicators and policy instruments for nutrient management. Nutrient budgets for N have been developed by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as agri-environmental indicators to compare the evolving conditions in member states, and are also used by the US Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) to develop nutrient management plans. Here, we examine the crop and animal production systems, drivers impacting management choices, and the outcome of those choices to assess the utility of gross annual N balances in tracking the progress of management decisions in minimizing the environmental impact of agricultural production systems. We use as case studies two very different agronomic production systems: Mississippi, USA and Poland. State and country level data from the US Department of Agriculture and OECD databases are used to develop data for the years 1998–2008, and gross annual N balances are computed. Examination of agricultural production practices reveals that the gross annual N balance is a useful tool in identifying differences in the magnitude and trends in N within agricultural systems over large areas. Significant differences in the magnitude of the N budget were observed between the highly diversified, small-scale agriculture common to Poland, and the large-scale, intensive agriculture of Mississippi. It is noted that use of N balance indices can be problematic if the primary intent is to reveal the impact of economic drivers, such as crop prices, or management choices, such as tillage or crop rotation. Changes in cropping systems in response to commodity prices that improve N balance can be masked by detrimental growing conditions, including edaphic, biotic and weather conditions, that are outside of the producers’ control. Moreover, use of large area-scale indices such as country or state-wide balances may mask the severity of localized nutrient imbalances that result from regionalized production systems that overwhelm the nutrient balance, such as confinement livestock production. Development of a policy to address environmental impact and establish sustainable production systems must consider the year-to-year variability of drivers impacting agricultural production, and the spatial heterogeneity of nutrient imbalance.

scholarly journals Investigation of superstorm Sandy 2012 in a multi-disciplinary approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2579-2598 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kunz ◽  
B. Mühr ◽  
T. Kunz-Plapp ◽  
J. E. Daniell ◽  
B. Khazai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Weather System ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. At the end of October 2012, Hurricane Sandy moved from the Caribbean Sea into the Atlantic Ocean and entered the United States not far from New York. Along its track, Sandy caused more than 200 fatalities and severe losses in Jamaica, The Bahamas, Haiti, Cuba, and the US. This paper demonstrates the capability and potential for near-real-time analysis of catastrophes. It is shown that the impact of Sandy was driven by the superposition of different extremes (high wind speeds, storm surge, heavy precipitation) and by cascading effects. In particular the interaction between Sandy and an extra-tropical weather system created a huge storm that affected large areas in the US. It is examined how Sandy compares to historic hurricane events, both from a hydro-meteorological and impact perspective. The distribution of losses to different sectors of the economy is calculated with simple input-output models as well as government estimates. Direct economic losses are estimated about USD 4.2 billion in the Caribbean and between USD 78 and 97 billion in the US. Indirect economic losses from power outages is estimated in the order of USD 16.3 billion. Modelling sector-specific dependencies quantifies total business interruption losses between USD 10.8 and 15.5 billion. Thus, seven years after the record impact of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Hurricane Sandy is the second costliest hurricane in the history of the United States.

1. Economic Impacts of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Canada and Europe And The Effect of Compensation Programs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Government Subsidies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Before the first domestic case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was identified in May 2003, Canada was the world’s third largest exporter of cattle behind the United States (U.S.) and Australia. After the BSE disclosure, the U.S. and 40 other countries imposed an immediate ban on imported Canadian beef and cattle products. The interdependence of the Canadian beef industry with that of the U.S. prior to the outbreak of BSE was a critical factor in Canada’s market vulnerability and the resulting economic impact. As the re-opening of the U.S. border was prolonged, beef producers adopted a variety of strategies to deal with the loss of income including refinancing existing loans and selling land or other assets. However these measures taken by individual farmers were not sufficient in completely supplementing their loss of income, thus creating a need for government funding and support. Little research has been done to assess the impact of government subsidies as a tool to offset the economic losses incurred by BSE. The analysis of the impacts of BSE and the resulting subsidies is extended to Britain, France, Germany and the European Union to see if government subsidies had a similar impact as compared to Canada. Analysis of existing literature shows the economic impacts to be heavily impacted by the structure of the beef industry and the subsidies to be impacted by consumption levels. The result of the subsidies is unclear; however due to lack of recent information the full analysis of the result of subsidy programs is difficult to determine.

scholarly journals Deteriorated Covid19 control due to delayed lockdown resulting from strategic interactions between Governments and oppositions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Carrozzo-Magli ◽  
Alberto d’Onofrio ◽  
Piero Manfredi
Keyword(s):  
Simple Game ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Us ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundIn many European countries and the US, the burden of Covid-19 epidemic could be much lower if Governments had been able to learn from the China and Lombardy stories and to declare full lockdown without delays.MethodsWe use a simple game-theoretic framework for the strategic interaction between the Government, political oppositions and lobbies, combined with a Covid-19 transmission model, to analyse the role of political factors delaying the lockdown declaration, depending on the degrees of “responsibility” of political actors.ResultsThe lockdown can always be declared immediately (i.e., without delay) as sustained transmission arises, only if the government feels fully “responsible” towards all citizens. If this is not the case, epidemic growth will eventually dominate the agents’ payoffs, so that sooner or later the lockdown will always be declared i.e., both the government and the opposition will be forced by the epidemic to switch towards a higher degree of responsibility, but with a delay. There is a further nontrivial situation where the lockdown can be declared without delay, occurring when the political opposition is at least as responsible as the Government. This however requires the solution of a coordination issue, which cannot be taken for granted. Eventually, a vicious circle emerges, where the delayed lockdown requires a much longer lockdown period to achieve adequate control results, thereby causing the explosion of economic losses and so calling for unlocking long before it should.ConclusionsLockdown delays have dramatically worsened the impact of the current Covid-19 wave in a number of countries. Citizens should be made cogently aware of this to claim maximal responsibility from political actors and economic lobbies to avoid that such stories repeat in the future when further threats, due to Covid-19 itself or other pathogens, will re-appear.

Systematic review methodology for development: An example from microfinance

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Van Rooyen ◽  
Ruth Stewart ◽  
Thea De Wet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
International Development ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

Big international development donors such as the UK’s Department for International Development and USAID have recently started using systematic review as a methodology to assess the effectiveness of various development interventions to help them decide what is the ‘best’ intervention to spend money on. Such an approach to evidence-based decision-making has long been practiced in the health sector in the US, UK, and elsewhere but it is relatively new in the development field. In this article we use the case of a systematic review of the impact of microfinance on the poor in sub-Saharan African to indicate how systematic review as a methodology can be used to assess the impact of specific development interventions.

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