scholarly journals OS REFLEXOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS DA EXPANSÃO METROPOLITANA DE BELÉM SOBRE A COMUNIDADE REMANESCENTE QUILOMBOLA DE ABACATAL (CRQA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 129-158
Author(s):  
Eliezilda Oliveira de Sousa ◽  
Priciane Cristina Correa Ribeiro ◽  
Heloisa Negri Sanches

Neste artigo, buscamos levantar e avaliar os impactos da expansão urbana sobre a Comunidade Remanescente Quilombola de Abacatal (CRQA). Esta comunidade, mesmo detentora do título da terra e do reconhecimento pela Fundação Cultural Palmares (FCP), enfrenta desafios para a sua autopreservação, uma vez que se localiza a 8 km de Ananindeua, o segundo município mais populoso do Estado do Pará. O delineamento do estudo se deu por meio da coleta de dados in loco, bem como, levantamento bibliográfico-documental, que foram analisados à luz da teoria do direito às liberdades de Sen (2010) e da teoria da racionalidade ambiental de Leff (2015).  Devido à proximidade com a zona urbana, nas imediações da comunidade foram observados empreendimentos imobiliários que vêm promovendo impactos ligados ao saneamento ambiental; além destes, destacam-se ainda os problemas sociais relacionados à violência e o pouco acesso às políticas públicas. O estudo mostrou que a comunidade, apesar de sofrer forte impacto da expansão urbana sobre o seu território, busca resistir e se organizar, apoiada por outras instâncias sociais, em defesa do direito à liberdade de manter seu modo de vida baseado na produção tradicional e na conservação do seu ambiente natural. Palavras-chave: Expansão urbana. Comunidades Tradicionais. Desenvolvimento.   THE SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL REFLEXES OF THE METROPOLITAN EXPANSION OF BELÉM ON THE ABACATAL REMAINING QUILOMBOLA COMMUNITY (CRQA) ABSTRACT In this article, we seek to survey and assess the impacts of urban expansion on the Abacatal Remaining Quilombola Community (CRQA). This community, even holding the title to the land and recognition by the Fundação Cultural Palmares (FCP), faces challenges for its self-preservation, since it is located 8 km from Ananindeua, the second most populous municipality in the State of Pará. The study took place through the collection of data in loco, as well as bibliographic-documentary survey, which were analyzed in the light of Sen's theory of the right to freedoms (2010) and Leff's theory of environmental rationality (2015). Due to the proximity to the urban area, in the vicinity of the community, real estate developments were observed that have been promoting impacts related to environmental sanitation; in addition to these, social problems related to violence and poor access to public policies also stand out. The study showed that the community, despite suffering a strong impact from urban expansion on its territory, seeks to resist and organize, supported by other social bodies, in defense of the right to freedom to maintain their way of life based on traditional production and conservation of its natural environment. Keywords: Urban expansion. Traditional Communities. Development.   LOS REFLEJOS SOCIOAMBIENTALES DE LA EXPANSIÓN METROPOLITANA DE BELÉM EN LA COMUNIDAD ABACATAL RESTANTE QUILOMBOLA (CRQA) RESUMEN En este artículo, buscamos estudiar y evaluar los impactos de la expansión urbana en la Comunidad Abacatal Restante Quilombola (CRQA). Esta comunidad, incluso con el título de propiedad y el reconocimiento de la Fundación Cultural Palmares (FCP), enfrenta desafíos para su autoconservación, ya que se encuentra a 8 km de Ananindeua, el segundo municipio más poblado del Estado de Pará. El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante la recopilación de datos in loco, así como una encuesta bibliográfica-documental, que se analizaron a la luz de la teoría de Sen del derecho a las libertades (2010) y la teoría de la racionalidad ambiental de Leff (2015). Debido a la proximidad al área urbana, en la vecindad de la comunidad, se observaron desarrollos inmobiliarios que han estado promoviendo impactos relacionados con el saneamiento ambiental; Además de estos, también se destacan los problemas sociales relacionados con la violencia y el acceso deficiente a las políticas públicas. El estudio mostró que la comunidad, a pesar de sufrir un fuerte impacto de la expansión urbana en su territorio, busca resistir y organizarse, apoyada por otros organismos sociales, en defensa del derecho a la libertad de mantener su estilo de vida basado en la producción tradicional y conservación de su entorno natural. Palabras-clave: Expansión urbana. Comunidades tradicionales. Desarrollo.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 248-265
Author(s):  
Lilian Maria Santos ◽  
Anete Marília Pereira ◽  
Andréa Maria Narciso Rocha de Paula

Pretende-se discutir neste artigo o processo de territorialidade para formação das comunidades remanescentes de quilombos no Brasil. E, para tanto, fez-se necessário compreender as diversas concepções sobre a categoria Comunidade Tradicional no que tange a perspectivas classificatórias, políticas, jurídicas e territoriais, bem como aos aspectos envolvidos na constituição das Comunidades Remanescentes de Quilombos.  A comunidade tradicional se reconhece pela tradicionalização como estratégia e movimento de luta e resistência em defesa do seu território. O processo de identificação e reconhecimento da comunidade remanescente de quilombo perpassa pela ressemantização do termo “Quilombo” e politização do grupo social na consolidação pelo direito coletivo do território e manutenção do modo de vida. A memória de luta e resistência, as práticas envolvendo a terra, em seu valor de uso para o trabalho e manutenção da cultura, a reciprocidade e as fronteiras simbólicas engendram a territorialidade das comunidades remanescentes de quilombo. São a trajetória da vida cotidiana, as relações estabelecidas pelos sujeitos no lugar - que fazem a sua história - que constroem o processo de territorialidade. O território se constitui, portanto, em uma produção histórica, relacional material e imaterial, e a territorialidade trata da dimensão vivencial e subjetiva, ou seja, do campo experiencial daqueles que vivenciam o processo de territorialização. Palavras-chave: Comunidades Tradicionais. Território. Territorialidade. Remanescentes Quilombolas.   REMAINING QUILOMBO COMMUNITIES: a reflection on territorialities ABSTRACT This paper aims to discuss the process of territoriality for the formation of the remaining communities of Quilombo in Brazil. It was necessary to understand the different concepts of the traditional community category in terms of qualifying, political, legal and territorial perspectives and the aspects involved in the constitution of the remaining Quilombo communities. The traditional community is recognized by the traditionalization as a strategy, and the struggle and resistance movement in defense of territory. The process of identification and recognition of the remaining Quilombo community traverses by resemantization of Quilombo term and politicization of the social group to consolidate the collective right of the territory and maintaining the way of life. The memory of struggle and resistance, practices involving the land in its use value to the work and for the maintenance of culture, reciprocity and symbolic boundaries engender the territoriality of remnants of Quilombo communities. The trajectory of everyday life, the relationships established by individuals in place-which make their story that builds the process of territoriality. The territory constitutes a historical production, material and immaterial relational and territoriality deals with the existential and subjective dimension, that is, the experiential field of those who experience the process of territorialization. Keywords: Traditional Communities. Territory. Territoriality.Remaining Quilombo.   VESTIGIOS DE COMUNIDADES DE QUILOMBO: reflexión sobre territorialidades RESUMEN Este artículo pretende discutir el proceso de territorialidad para la formación de los vestigios de comunidades de Quilombo en Brasil. Es necesario comprender las diferentes concepciones sobre la categoria “comunidad tradicional” en lo que tiene que ver con las perspectivas clasificatorias, políticas, jurídicas y territoriales, asi como com los aspectos involucrados en la constitución de los vestígios de comunidades quilombolas.La comunidad tradicional es reconocida por la tradicionalización como estrategia y movimiento de lucha y resistencia en defensa del territorio. El proceso de identificación y de reconocimiento de los vestigios de comunidades de Quilombo pasa por la resemantización del termino Quilombo y la politización del grupo social en la consolidación por el derecho colectivo al territorio y a la manutención del modo de vida. La memoria de lucha y resistencia, las prácticas que involucran la tierra y su valor de uso para el trabajo y el manutención de la cultura, la reciprocidad y las fronteras simbólicas engendrar la territorialidad de los vestigios de las comunidades de Quilombo. Son la trayectoria de la vida cotidiana, las relaciones establecidas por los sujetos en el lugar-que hacen su historia - que construyen el proceso de territorialidad. El territorio se constituye como una producción histórica, relacional material e inmaterial y la territorialidad trata de la dimensión existencial y subjetiva, es decir, el campo experiencial de aquellos que vivencian el proceso de territorialización. Palabras clave: Comunidades tradicionales. El território. La territorialidade. Vestígios de Quilombo.


EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hochmuth ◽  
Laurie Trenholm ◽  
Don Rainey ◽  
Esen Momol ◽  
Claire Lewis ◽  
...  

Proper irrigation management is critical to conserve and protect water resources and to properly manage nutrients in the home landscape. How lawns and landscapes are irrigated directly impacts the natural environment, so landscape maintenance professionals and homeowners must adopt environmentally-friendly approaches to irrigation management. After selecting the right plant for the right place, water is the next critical factor to establish and maintain a healthy lawn and landscape. Fertilization is another important component of lawn and landscape maintenance, and irrigation must be applied correctly, especially following fertilization, to minimize potential nutrient losses. This publication supplements other UF/IFAS Extension publications that also include information on the role of soil and the root zone in irrigation management. This publication is designed to help UF/IFAS Extension county agents prepare materials to directly address nutrient losses from lawns and landscapes caused by inadequate irrigation management practices. This 6-page fact sheet was written by George Hochmuth, Laurie Trenholm, Don Rainey, Esen Momol, Claire Lewis, and Brian Niemann, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, October 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss586


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Francisco Maturana ◽  
Mauricio Morales ◽  
Fernando Peña-Cortés ◽  
Marco A. Peña ◽  
Carlos Vielma

Urbanization is spreading across the world and beyond metropolitan areas. Medium-sized cities have also undergone processes of accelerated urban expansion, especially in Latin America, thanks to scant regulation or a complete lack thereof. Thus, understanding urban growth in the past and simulating it in the future has become a tool to raise its visibility and challenge territorial planners. In this work, we use Markov chains, cellular automata, multi-criteria multi-objective evaluation, and the determination of land use/land cover (LULC) to model the urban growth of the city of Temuco, Chile, a paradigmatic case because it has experienced powerful growth, where real estate development pressures coexist with a high natural value and the presence of indigenous communities. The urban scenario is determined for the years 2033 and 2049 based on the spatial patterns between 1985 and 2017, where the model shows the trend of expansion toward the northeast and significant development in the western sector of the city, making them two potential centers of expansion and conflict in the future given the heavy pressure on lands that are indigenous property and have a high natural value, aspects that need to be incorporated into future territorial planning instruments.


Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Antonella Grigoletto ◽  
Gabriele Martinez ◽  
Daniela Gabbia ◽  
Tommaso Tedeschini ◽  
Michela Scaffidi ◽  
...  

Although selective tumor delivery of anticancer drugs has been sought by exploiting either passive targeting or by ligand-mediated targeting, a selective anticancer therapy remains an unmet medical need. Despite the advances which have been achieved by nanomedicines, nanosystems such as polymer-drug conjugates still miss the goal of clinical efficacy. In this study, we demonstrated that polymer-drug conjugates require a thoroughly chemical design and the right targeting agent/polymer ratio to be selective and effective towards cancer cells. In particular, two PEG conjugates carrying paclitaxel and targeted with different folic acid (FA)/PEG ratios (one or three) were investigated. The cytotoxicity study in positive (HT-29) and negative (HCT-15) FA receptor (FR)-cell lines demonstrated that the conjugates with one or three FAs were 4- or 28-fold more active in HT-29 cells, respectively. The higher activity of the 3-FA conjugate was confirmed by its strong impact on cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, FA targeting had a clear effect on migration and invasiveness of HT-29 cells, which were significantly reduced by both conjugates. Interestingly, the 3-FA conjugate showed also an improved pharmacokinetic profile in mice. The results of this study indicate that thorough investigations are needed to optimize and tune drug delivery and achieve the desired selectivity and activity towards cancer cells.


Author(s):  
Yekha-ü ◽  
Queenbala Marak

Feasts of Merit are an important social way of life among different tribes in the world, especially in Southeast Asia. In Northeast India, the different Naga tribes were well-known for this practice before the advent of Christianity. However, among the Chakhesang Nagas, after the advent of Christianity, the practices of giving feasts continue to this day with minor modifications in terms of rituals and taboos while the symbolic meaning and values behind this practice are retained. The Feasts of Merit, among them, are intricately connected to their worldview, whereby the feast-givers distribute their wealth in terms of sacrificing mithun, buffalo, and/or other livestock, in consecutive feasts, and receiving in return a higher social rank and the right to wear a special shawl (“Feasts of Merit” shawl), variously known as hapidasa, elicüra, and thüpikhü and the right to adorn the house with special architecture (mithun and buffalo wood carvings on the wall, and to put up a horn at the pinnacle of the house front). This article discusses the “Feasts of Merit” shawl and how it is connected intrinsically to the ethos of the tribe, and in doing so it states that the Chakhesang feasts can be looked upon as gift economy.


2021 ◽  
pp. 375-394
Author(s):  
Aneta Suchoń

The article aimed to determine whether the legal regulations in the field of the statutory and contractual pre-emption right of a tenant of agricultural real estate provide adequate protection to dependent owners in terms of the possibility of acquiring such land and conducting business activity on it. Secondly, the paper indicated legal problems related to statutory and contractual pre-emption right of a tenant of agricultural real estate and suggested how those problems could be handled. In the beginning, the considerations focused on the statutory pre-emption right for agricultural real estate. It referred to a subjective and objective scope of the right in question, and an attempt was made to determine whether the leased land can be sold to a third party due to the obligation to run a farm in person (only the sale contract allows for exercising the pre-emptive right). Failure to perform the indicated obligations might result in the case being referred to the court by the National Center for Agricultural Support. The second part of the article discussed the contractual pre-emption right for agricultural real estate. The author pointed out the possible concurrence of the statutory pre-emption right of the National Support Centre for Agriculture and the contractual pre-emption right of the lessee. The paper also referred to the problems related to implementing this right due to the requirements that the buyer must meet. In summary, the author, among other things, pointed out the fact that the importance of the statutory pre-emption right of the tenant of agricultural real estate had been diminishing over the years. The position of the lessee of agricultural land in terms of purchasing agricultural land is weakening. Currently, in practice, tenants may rarely use the pre-emption right. The author proposed the introduction of a provision to the Act on Shaping the Agricultural System on an additional consent of the National Support Centre for Agriculture for the sale of real estate under a lease.


Harmoni ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
Hendrik A.E Lao ◽  
Ezra Tari ◽  
Merensiana Hale

This paper focuses on interpersonal communication in interfaith families. Interfaith families are smallunits of society whose members are of different religions. Differences are often a source of conflict between husband and wife, including religion. In the way of life of interfaith couples, different opinions about beliefs cause problems. Differences are still unavoidable in families married to different religions. Religious differences can lead to prolonged conflicts. Although different religions, of course, the family has the right to live in peace and happiness as a family in general. However, it is undeniable that interfaith families cannot last long. Therefore, efforts are needed for families to be able to live with each other accepting differences in terms of different religions. Communication is one of the efforts to maintain family harmony. Lack of communication can cause rifts in the household. The purpose of the study was to describe the effectiveness of interpersonal communication for families of different religions. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach. This approach seeks to find problems and solutions in the field. Research results in interpersonal communication are communication between individuals or between groups. Interpersonal communication will be more effective if the atmosphere is equal. That is, there must be a tacit acknowledgement that both parties are equally valuable and valuable. Husbands and wives have something important to contribute. In an interpersonal relationship characterized by equality, disagreement and conflict are seen as an attempt to understand differences. This communication helps in avoiding and reducing various problems and can share knowledge and experiences with family members. There are five general qualities of interpersonal communication effectiveness for interfaith families: 1) Openness, 2) Empathy, 3) Supportive Attitude, 4) Positive Attitude, 5) Equality.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (49) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Gabriela Valls barrera ◽  
Daniela Vío GiaCaman

The COVID-19 pandemic and confinement, as a measure to stop the contagion, have had a strong impact on the mental health of the population. Emotions such as uncertainty, fear of contracting illness and anguish have increased. But, also, positive experiences have emerged that reinforce interdependence and social support, the appreciation of affections and a greater connection and reflection on the way of life. The objective of this article is to delve into the experience of some couples who have been able to constructively face quarantine and who express a positive assessment of what this time of confinement has contributed to their relationship. Three dimensions are identified in which resources have emerged during this crisis: family reorganization and multiplicity of roles, the appreciation of support networks and the strengthening of intimacy in the couple.


2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pertti Lahdenperä

The prevailing practice in new areal real estate development is for public and private actors to perform their duties by turns. Yet, the planning process could benefit from simultaneous contributions from society and developers and their designers. That, again, requires that the municipality selects the private partner consortia prior to completion of the local detailed plan through a competition in order to find the most potential actors and the best ideas for implementation of an urban structure of high quality. Candidates will be attracted by offering them the right to implement a residential/business block as a developer. The several blocks involved in an areal development project, and the laboriousness of producing competitive solutions, require a well planned selection process. A novel multi‐target competition process was developed which is presented in this paper with special emphasis on the allocation algorithms that allow selecting the most qualified competitors for parallel follow-up competitions from among a large group of registered candidates. The approach was tested in an actual real estate development project in the municipal district of Vuores which was the original reason for launching the study. Santruka Pletojant nekilnojamaji turta naujose teritorijose, vieši ir privatūs asmenys dažniausiai savo pareigas vykdo paeiliui. Tačiau planavimo procesui būtu tik geriau, jei tuo pačiu metu prisidetu ir visuomene, ir vystytojai, ir projektuotojai. Tam velgi reikia, kad savivaldybe paskelbtu konkursa ir pasirinktu privačiu partneriu grupes prieš užbaigdama vietini detaluji plana didžiausia potenciala turintiems dalyviams aptikti ir geriausioms idejoms surinkti, kokybiškai miesto struktūrai išvystyti. Kai teritoriju pletros projektas apima kelis kvartalus, o kuriant konkurencingus sprendimus idedama daug darbo, reikia gerai suplanuoto atrankos proceso. Yra sukurtas novatoriškas daugiatikslis konkurso procesas, pristatomas šiame darbe, daugiau demesio skiriama paskirstymo algoritmams, kuriuos naudojant iš daugybes registruotu kandidatu galima atrinkti tinkamiausius tolesniems tuo pat metu vykdomiems konkursams. Toks būdas patikrintas realiame nekilnojamojo turto pletros projekte, kuris vyko Vuores savivaldybes teritorijoje, ir būtent del šios priežasties pradetas šis tyrimas.


2020 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Mykola Moroz

Problem setting. Leasing out property that is involved in educational, academic, training and production, scientific activities by the public institutions of higher education often leads to violation of the rights of other participants in educational activities. They are sure to be a result of violating the limits, established by the current legislation, of exercising the rights to leasing out property by the public institutions of higher educational. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The issues of state property lease have been studied by many scholars. Basic research in this area has been conducted by I. Spasibo-Fatieieva, O. Lipetsker, Ye.Kazarenko, V. Steshenko, M. Pronina, S. Puhinsky, T. Potapenkova, Yu.Basin, D. levenson, N. Khashchivska, N. Milovska and other scientists. Target of research. The aim of the paper is a comprehensive study and analysis of the limits of exercising the rights by the public institutions of higher education to leasing out their own property. To achieve this goal the following tasks should be solved: 1) to define the limits of exercising the rights by the public institutions of higher education to leasing out their own property; 2) to determine the legal consequences of concluding lease agreements by the public higher educational institutions in violation of current legislation. Article’s main body. The article conducts a general study and analysis of the right of the public institutions of higher education to lease property. The author emphasizes that public higher educational institutions have the right to lease out only real estate and other individually identified property. The legal consequences of concluding lease agreements by public higher educational institutions in violation of the current legislation have been studied. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Summarizing the results of the study we can formulate the following conclusions. The public institutions of higher education have the right to lease out real estate and other individually determined property in the manner prescribed by law and subject to statutory restrictions (without the right of redemption and sublease, when it does not worsen the social and living conditions of persons studying or working in the educational institution). While leasing the property, the public higher educational institution realizes primarily their own property interests, at the same time, indirectly realizing the property interests of the state. If the lease agreement of real estate and other individually determined property of higher educational institutions is recognized as invalid, it may be recognized as invalid only for the future.


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