Orodispersible Tablet in Treatment of Migraine: Opportunities, Challenges and Recent Advancements

The most comfortable and choicely path of drug administration is oral route. Orodispersible tablets bring a revolution among all routes of drug administration as well as oral route of drug administration also. Orodispersible tablets are unit dosage form but it has unique characteristics. It disintegrates in the mouth within a minute for the presence of saliva where the presence of super disintegrates in the preparation. Especially, old and child have no chance to swallow as a result it is very acceptable for them. Migraine is a very well-known irritating condition for adult and female. Migraine is a debilitating and common neurovascular illness associated with symptoms of one-sided headache, nausea with or without vomiting, photophobia and/or phonophobia. But these symptoms are subjective and vary from patient to patient. Orodispersible tablets are most important solution of migraine like emergency condition and helping human by transferring from hell to heaven. Very short half-life, quick disintegration, quick onset of action and better bioavailability brings the orodispersible tablets into the top position of the management of migraine. Sumatriptan, zolmitriptan like drugs are helping their hands to reduce migraine. Lastly, there are lots of drugs are investigating for this purpose and our hope that the orodispersible tablet can give the pioneer and will give the migraine free era to us and our futures. Keywords: Orodispersible tablet, migraine, sumatriptan, super disintegrate, fast dissolving

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Recent Developments in Medicated Lozenges: A Promising Dosage Form for the Effective Delivery of Therapeutic Agents

Drug Delivery Letters ◽

10.2174/2210303111666210120105343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Deepak Sharma ◽

Dinesh Kumar ◽

Gurmeet Singh

Keyword(s):

Retention Time ◽

Drug Targeting ◽

Dosage Form ◽

Base Material ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Oral Route ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Oral Dosage ◽

Onset Of Action ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Background: The delivery of therapeutic agents through the oral route remains the most favorable one as compared to other routes of drug administration. However, numerous disadvantages are encountered in conventional formulations such as low bioavailability, first-pass metabolism, gastric irritation, delayed onset of action, bitter taste, low retention time, frequent dosing, and non-localized drug targeting. All these problems encountered guide the various pharmaceutical industries to manufacture and develop a novel solid oral dosage form called lozenges. Lozenges are solid oral dosage forms of medicament, meant to be dissolved within the mouth or pharynx. It may consist of one or more than one medicinal agent contained in a sweetened and flavored base material. Objective: The present review is focused on various types, compositions, methodologies used to prepare the medicated lozenges and on different evaluation parameters that establish its safety and efficacy. It also put a light on different commercially available and reported medicated lozenges formulation. Method: The various review and research articles reported by different researchers were studied extensively by using the databases of Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and various commercial websites that were also investigated for information regarding new products. Results: Lozenges provides various advantages in terms of patient compliance, rapid onset of action, prolonged retention time, enhancement of bioavailability, ease of manufacturing, localized drug targeting, sustained or controlled effect, and reduced dosing frequency. It has also the ability to incorporate the drugs belong to different therapeutic classes for treating various disorders related to oral cavities like gingivitis, dental plaque, mouth ulcers, throat pain, oral thrush, throat infection, periodontitis, and pharyngitis. However, its applicability is not only limited to localized action, but it has also been employed to deliver the drug systemically for the conditions such as cough, decongestion, runny nose, nausea, vomiting, allergy, low immunity, fever, body ache, the killing of worms and smoking cessation. Conclusion: It was concluded that it has been played an important role in the field of drug delivery and will continue to perform in the same way in the future as well.

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Sublingual Tablets : An Overview

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology ◽

10.32628/ijsrst207357 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 333-339

Author(s):

Rohit S. Nikam ◽

Smita P Borkar ◽

Prakash D Jadhav ◽

Vishal D. Yadav ◽

Apurva V Jadhav

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Mucous Membrane ◽

Dosage Form ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Oral Route ◽

Mouth Area ◽

Onset Of Action ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Oral Mucous Membrane

Drug delivery via the oral mucous membrane is considered to be a promising alternative to the oral route. Sublingual route is a useful when rapid onset of action is desired with better patient compliance than oraly ingested tablets. In terms of permeability, the sublingual area of the oral cavity (i.e. the floor of the mou) is more permeable than the buccal (cheek) area, which in turn is more permeable than the palatal (roof of the mouth) area. A rapid onset of pharmacological effect is often desired for some drugs, especially those used in the treatment of acute disorders. Sublingual tablets disintegrate rapidly and the small amount of saliva present is usually sufficient for achieving disintegration of the dosage form coupled with better dissolution and increased bioavailability.

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The insights on Oro-dispersible tablet

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1815 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 260-273

Author(s):

Akshay Kumar S ◽

Gowda D V ◽

Sharadha M ◽

Akhila A R

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Buccal Mucosa ◽

Dosage Form ◽

Review Paper ◽

Control Release ◽

Complete Information ◽

Fluid Consumption ◽

Orodispersible Tablets ◽

Orodispersible Tablet ◽

Dispersible Tablet

Orodispersible tablets (ODTs) were the conventional product that disintegrates or dissolves into the buccal mucosa in less than 1mins in the absence of water and without chewing. They were first acquainted with the market during the 1980s, and end up one of the quickest developing subdivisions of the oral medication conveyance industry and their items are creating at an extraordinary rate. New orodispersible tablet innovations address numerous pharmaceutical and need of patients, extending from upgraded life-cycle the executives for reasonable medicating for pediatric, aged, and mental patients with trouble in swallowing. These supposedly affect about 35% of the all-inclusive community and related to various ailments like Parkinsonism, mental incapacity, motion sickness, obviousness, water inaccessibility, and so on. Other individuals possibly will face difficulties by utilizing control release solid oral product comprise the psychologically ill, partially developed patients, and rare patients those are unco-operative, on taking place diminished fluid consumption and are nauseated. To defeat such troubles, orodispersible tablets have been formulated. In this dosage form, the property of ODTs can be reached by the expansion of various additives such are super- the disintegrating agent is the main excipient. This has been motivated by both industry and academia to develop advanced orally dispersible products and advanced methodologies in the market. The ODTs are the most extensively implemented marketable products than others. The main purpose of this review paper is to provide the complete information of ODTs formulation

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Formulation and Evaluation of Oral dispersible Tablet of Paroxetine Hydrochloride

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v11i4.4921 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 41-47

Author(s):

Ria Shah ◽

Disha Patel ◽

Dhruvanshi Kothari ◽

Hetvi Shah ◽

Aishwarya Chavda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Self Administration ◽

Drug Release Profile ◽

Onset Of Action ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Orodispersible Tablets ◽

Weight Variation ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Orodispersible Tablet ◽

Sodium Saccharin ◽

Paroxetine Hydrochloride

Orodispersible tablets (ODTs) is one such novel approach which helps to increase user acceptance by virtue of rapid disintegration, self-administration without water or chewing. ODTs are solid unit dosage forms like the conventional tablets containing super disintegrants, which help them to disintegrate and/or disperse rapidly in the mouth within few seconds. The orodispersible tablet of Paroxetine hydrochloride was prepared by using direct compression method and the tablet were formulated using various concentration of Kyron T-314 as disintegrating agent, PVP K-30 as binder, F melt Type C as diluent, Sodium Saccharin as sweetening agent, talc as lubricant and Aerosil as glidant respectively. All the batches were prepared according to Factorial design. The prepared tablets were evaluated for various parameters like hardness, dissolution, friability, weight variation, disintegration time. Batch F5 was found to be the best batch as the disintegration time is minimum (26seconds) and better drug release profile. Orodispersible tablets of Paroxetine Hydrochloride were successfully formulated by which first pass metabolism could be avoided and faster onset of action could be achieved.

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A Review on Enteric Coated Pellets Composed of Core Pellets Prepared by Extrusion-Spheronization

Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation ◽

10.2174/1872211313666190212115139 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 83-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hetal Patel ◽

Mukesh Gohel

Keyword(s):

Dosage Form ◽

Extended Release ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Enteric Coating ◽

Onset Of Action ◽

The Core ◽

Current State ◽

Enteric Coated ◽

Extrusion Spheronization ◽

Acid Labile

Enteric coated dosage form bypasses the stomach and releases the drug into the small intestine. Advantages of enteric coated pellets in comparison with enteric coated tablets are a) Pellets provide rapid onset of action and faster drug release due to the smaller size than tablets and b) Pellets exhibit less residence time of acid-labile drugs in the stomach compared to tablets. Dosage form coat can be damaged by longer resistance time in the stomach. The present review summarizes the current state of enteric coated pellets where core pellets are prepared by extrusion-spheronization technique and the enteric coating is applied in a fluidized bed processor. Two approaches are involved in the preparation of core pellets. In the first approach, a mixture of drug and excipient(s)/co-processed excipient is passed through extruders to prepare core pellets. In the second approach, excipient core pellets are prepared by extrusion technique and the drug is layered onto it before the enteric coating. The excipients present in the core pellets decide immediate or extended release of drug in the intestine. The coprocessed excipient pellets provide less batch variability and provide a platform for layering of many drugs before enteric coating. Some patents included enteric coating pellets [CN105456223 (A), CN105596310 (A), CN105616371 (A), CN105663095 (A), CN101611766B, CN106511862 (A), CN106668018 (A), CN106727381 (A), CN106924222 (A), TW200624127 (A), US 2017/0165248A1, US 2017/0224720A1] are discussed.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Orodispersble Tablet

Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science ◽

10.52711/2231-5659.2021.00042 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 267-272

Author(s):

Pratiksha S. Deore ◽

Yashpal M. More ◽

Avish D. Maru

Keyword(s):

Rapid Onset ◽

Nausea And Vomiting ◽

Direct Compression ◽

Compression Method ◽

Onset Of Action ◽

Orodispersible Tablet ◽

Croscarmellose Sodium

The aim of present work is to formulate and develop tablets of promethazine HCL.by using various superdisintegrating agent by direct compression method. The main objective of the study is to increase rapid onset of action of promethazine HCL in the treatment of nausea and vomiting. The orodispersible tablet of promethazine hcl is were prepared by direct compression method. Using different concentration of Crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium Mannitol, lactose, maltose, mg. stearate. The tablet was evaluated by various parameters and result are found to be satisfactory.

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Development of Tropisetron Hydrochloride Orodispersible Tablet using Natural Superdisintigrants

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i28a31523 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 191-210

Author(s):

Rupalben K. Jani ◽

Gohil Krupa ◽

Aanal Gandhi ◽

Vijay Upadhye ◽

Roshani Pragnesh Amin

Keyword(s):

Drug Candidate ◽

Antiemetic Drug ◽

Onset Of Action ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Cassia Tora ◽

Weight Variation ◽

Orodispersible Tablet ◽

Value Loss ◽

Time Required

The foremost objective of this research was to compare and evaluate natural super disintegrants with synthetic super disintegrants for the preparation of the orodispersible tablet. Tropisetron hydrochloride is widely used as an antiemetic drug, which is a potential drug candidate for developing an orodispersible tablet for quick onset of action. Various formulations were prepared using different concentrations (5%, 7.5%, and 10%) by direct compression method of natural super disintegrants (Banana power and Cassia tora powder) and synthetic super disintegrants (Croscarmellose sodium, Crospovidone, and Sodium starch glycolate). The compatibility studies between the drug and excipients were carried out using FTIR spectroscopy before tablet formulation. The pre-compression parameters were evaluated for additive properties. Standardization of banana powder was done by various parameters like extractive value, ash value, loss on drying, TLC identification test, etc. Post-compression parameters like hardness, weight variation, friability, thickness, the time required for disintegration, wetting time, the release of drug in-vitro, and in-vitro dispersion time of the tablets were evaluated. The disintegration time and in-vitro drug release of optimized formulation (F2) were found to be 4.66±1.15 secs and 99.25±0.15%. The optimized formulation (F2) was subjected to stability studies (40 C& 75 % RH) for one month. The results were shown that natural super disintegrants require less disintegration time as compared to synthetic super disintegrants. Hence present study reveals that the orodispersible tablets prepared using Banana powder and Cassia tora powder is super disintegrants that shown better appearance and rapid disintegration time.

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Intravenous-to-Oral Stepdown Program: Four Years of Experience in a Large Teaching Hospital

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/106002809202601119 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 1447-1451 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Luciana Frighetto ◽

Donna Nickoloff ◽

Shelagh M. Martinusen ◽

Fatima S. Mamdani ◽

Peter J. Jewesson

Keyword(s):

Dosage Form ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Baseline Period ◽

Oral Route ◽

Relative Increase ◽

Oral Dosage ◽

Oral Antibiotic ◽

Prescribing Trends ◽

The Impact

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of an intravenous-to-oral (iv-po) stepdown program on the relative use of oral and parenteral dosage forms of select antimicrobials. DESIGN: A retrospective review of drug utilization records before and after a trial comparing metronidazole and clindamycin prescribing trends from a 12-month baseline period to a four-year follow-up period. SETTING: One thousand-bed Canadian tertiary care referral teaching center. INTERVENTION: An authorized iv-po stepdown program was developed to promote the oral route of drug administration. Reminders of iv-po stepdown were produced for metronidazole and clindamycin and these notes were sent to nursing units with the parenteral dosage form. The notes then were attached to the front of the health record to serve as a reminder to prescribers that an equally effective, well-tolerated, and less-expensive oral dosage form was available for use. RESULTS: A 44 percent relative increase in the use of oral metronidazole and a 79 percent relative increase in the use of oral clindamycin occurred. When acquisition and delivery costs were considered, cumulative cost savings from 1988 to 1991 resulted for metronidazole ($31920) and clindamycin ($53880). CONCLUSIONS: This intervention represents a simple yet effective method of promoting a process of stepdown from parenteral to oral antibiotic therapy.

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