scholarly journals Alkaline pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber for ethanol production 1) Pengolahan awal dengan basa NaOH dan sakarifikasi enzimatis serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) untuk produksi etanol

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanni SUDIYANI ◽  
Kiky C SEMBIRING ◽  
Hendris HENDARSYAH ◽  
Syarifah ALAWIYAH

Abstract Alkaline pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber was conducted to improve enzymatic sacchari-fication of EFB fiber for ethanol production.  EFB as one of the major biomass wastes from palm oil industry is a complex lignocellulosic material consists of 41.3 – 46.5% of cellulose, 25.3 – 33.8% of hemicellulose and 27.6 – 32.5% of lignin.  Alkali pretreatment of EFB using NaOH 1 N with temperature at 30 and 600C and reaction times of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes were investigated.  Furthermore, the enzymatic saccharification of pretreated EFB was examined. The pretreated substrate was subjected to an enzymatic saccharification using meicelase (10, 20 and 40 FPU/g substrate) at 400C, pH 4.5, 100 rpm for conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose in palm oil EFB to monomeric sugars. The alkali pretreatment of EFB using NaOH can significantly improve the enzymatic saccharification of EFB by removing more lignin and hemicellulose and increasing its accessibility to hydrolytic enzymes.  The results showed that the optimum pretreatment condition was NaOH 1 N at 300C and 90 minutes with the optimum component loss of lignin and hemicellulose was 45.8  % and 35.6  % respectively.  The saccharification of EFB pretreated by NaOH 1 N (at 300C and 90 minutes) for 45 hours and pH 4.5 resulted in optimum saccharification of 63.8 %.  Abstrak Pengolahan awal (pretreatment) serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dengan basa NaOH telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan sakarifikasi enzimatik TKKS menjadi etanol.  TKKS merupakan bahan lignoselulosa yang terdiri dari selulosa 41,3– 46,%,  hemicellulosa 25,3 – 33,8% dan lignin 27,6 – 32,5%. Pretreatment TKKS dilakukan dengan NaOH 1 N dengan variasi suhu 300 dan 600C dan variasi waktu 30, 60, 90, 120 dan 150 menit.  Konversi selulosa dan hemiselulosa hasil pretreatment TKKS menjadi gula dilaku-kan dengan sakarifikasi enzimatik menggunakan enzim meiselase (10, 20 dan 40 FPU/g substrat) pada suhu 400C, pH 4,5 dengan shaker 100 rpm.  Pretretament TKKS dengan basa   NaOH   dapat   meningkatkan   sakarifikasi enzimatik dengan berkurangnya lignin dan hemiselulosa secara signifikan dan memudahkan masuknya enzim hidrolitik.  Hasil pretreatment dengan NaOH 1N pada suhu 300C dan 90 menit menunjukkan kondisi optimum untuk penghilangan lignin dan hemiselulosa berturut-turut sebesar 45,8  % and 35,6  %.  Hasil sakarifikasi optimum yaitu 63,8 % dicapai setelah 45 jam sakarifisi pada pH 4,5. 

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanni SUDIYANI ◽  
Kiky C SEMBIRING ◽  
Hendris HENDARSYAH ◽  
Syarifah ALAWIYAH

Abstract Alkaline pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber was conducted to improve enzymatic sacchari-fication of EFB fiber for ethanol production.  EFB as one of the major biomass wastes from palm oil industry is a complex lignocellulosic material consists of 41.3 – 46.5% of cellulose, 25.3 – 33.8% of hemicellulose and 27.6 – 32.5% of lignin.  Alkali pretreatment of EFB using NaOH 1 N with temperature at 30 and 600C and reaction times of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes were investigated.  Furthermore, the enzymatic saccharification of pretreated EFB was examined. The pretreated substrate was subjected to an enzymatic saccharification using meicelase (10, 20 and 40 FPU/g substrate) at 400C, pH 4.5, 100 rpm for conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose in palm oil EFB to monomeric sugars. The alkali pretreatment of EFB using NaOH can significantly improve the enzymatic saccharification of EFB by removing more lignin and hemicellulose and increasing its accessibility to hydrolytic enzymes.  The results showed that the optimum pretreatment condition was NaOH 1 N at 300C and 90 minutes with the optimum component loss of lignin and hemicellulose was 45.8  % and 35.6  % respectively.  The saccharification of EFB pretreated by NaOH 1 N (at 300C and 90 minutes) for 45 hours and pH 4.5 resulted in optimum saccharification of 63.8 %.  Abstrak Pengolahan awal (pretreatment) serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dengan basa NaOH telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan sakarifikasi enzimatik TKKS menjadi etanol.  TKKS merupakan bahan lignoselulosa yang terdiri dari selulosa 41,3– 46,%,  hemicellulosa 25,3 – 33,8% dan lignin 27,6 – 32,5%. Pretreatment TKKS dilakukan dengan NaOH 1 N dengan variasi suhu 300 dan 600C dan variasi waktu 30, 60, 90, 120 dan 150 menit.  Konversi selulosa dan hemiselulosa hasil pretreatment TKKS menjadi gula dilaku-kan dengan sakarifikasi enzimatik menggunakan enzim meiselase (10, 20 dan 40 FPU/g substrat) pada suhu 400C, pH 4,5 dengan shaker 100 rpm.  Pretretament TKKS dengan basa   NaOH   dapat   meningkatkan   sakarifikasi enzimatik dengan berkurangnya lignin dan hemiselulosa secara signifikan dan memudahkan masuknya enzim hidrolitik.  Hasil pretreatment dengan NaOH 1N pada suhu 300C dan 90 menit menunjukkan kondisi optimum untuk penghilangan lignin dan hemiselulosa berturut-turut sebesar 45,8  % and 35,6  %.  Hasil sakarifikasi optimum yaitu 63,8 % dicapai setelah 45 jam sakarifisi pada pH 4,5. 


Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Hironaga Akita ◽  
Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Shinji Fujimoto

Malaysia is the second largest palm oil producer and exporter globally. When crude palm oil is produced in both plantations and oil processing mills, a large amount of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is simultaneously produced as a waste product. Here, we describe the preparation of hydrolysate from OPEFB. After OPEFB was hydrothermally treated at 180–200 °C, the resultant liquid phase was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, while the solid phase was used for acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis. Hemicellulose yield from the acid-treated solid phase decreased from 153 mg/g-OPEFB to 27.5 mg/g-OPEFB by increasing the hydrothermal treatment temperature from 180 to 200 °C. Glucose yield from the enzyme-treated solid phase obtained after hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C was the highest (234 ± 1.90 mg/g-OPEFB, 61.7% production efficiency). In contrast, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose yields in the hydrolysate prepared from the solid phase hydrothermally treated at 200 °C were the lowest. Thus, we concluded that the optimum temperature for hydrothermal pretreatment was 200 °C, which was caused by the low hemicellulose yield. Based on these results, we have established an effective method for preparing OPEFB hydrolysates with high glucose content.


BioResources ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinset Weeraphan ◽  
Vasana Tolieng Tolieng ◽  
Vichien Kitpreechavanich ◽  
Somboon Tanasupawat ◽  
Ancharida Akaracharanya

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Zainudin Zainudin ◽  
Abdul Rofik

Palm oil is an export commodity of the plantation sector which began to develop rapidly in East Kalimantan with an area until 2017 reaching 1,192,342 Ha consisting of 284,523 Ha as plasma / smallholder plants, 14,402 Ha owned by SOEs as the core and 893,417 Ha owned by Large Private Plantation.Empty bunches (Tankos) are solid waste that is produced by palm oil mills in the process of managing palm fruit bunches into crude palm oil (CPO). In each processing 1 ton of fruit bunches will produce Tankos as much as 21-23%. Oil palm empty fruit bunches that are not managed properly will become waste that does not provide benefits. Compost technology using a local microorganism starter (MOL) can be used to produce quality organic fertilizer considering the process involves decomposing bacteria of organic ingredients. Compost technology from tankos waste is very possible to be developed, both at the level of farmers and private oil palm companies. This study aim to determine the potential of palm oil mill effluent (POME) as an bioactivator for composting oil palm empty fruit bunches, and to determine the chemical quality of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost with MOL bioactivator liquid waste as organic fertilizer. Through this research, it is expected that the palm oil mill's liquid waste can be utilized as a bioactivator for compost production and can be applied to the production of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost.This research was conducted for one year. The stages of the research are as follows: 1. Chemical analysis of POME waste, 2. Making LM POME, 3. Chemical analysis of LM POME, and 4. Making EFB Compost, and Chemical Analysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost. Compost making using randomized block design (RBD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications include: P0 = 0 ml / liter of water, P1 = 100 ml / liter of water, P2 = 300 ml / liter of water, P3 = 600 ml / liter of water, P4 = 900 ml / liter of water.The analysis showed that there was an increase in the chemical properties of POME after becoming an LM POME activator. Increased chemical properties such as phosphorus from 0.01 to 0.02, potassium from 0.19 to 0.27, and organic carbon from 0.90 to 1.30, but some chemical properties such as pH decreased from 7.20 to 3, 37 and nitrogen decreased from 0.37 to 0.05. The EFB compost analysis results showed that the highest pH was p2 with a value of 8.23, the highest organic C at p4 treatment with a value of 57.65, the highest total N at p3 with a value of 1.80, P2O5 the highest total at p3 with a value of 0.64, and the highest total K2O at p4 with a value of 2.68. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-516
Author(s):  
Changzhong Song ◽  
Bowen Zhang ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Xuesong Tan ◽  
Zahoor ◽  
...  

The alkaline pretreatment has the advantages of low energy input and atmospheric pressure to highly enhance the conversion of lignocellulose to ethanol. However, the black liquor from the process would pollute the environment, which hinders its industrial application. This study selected the potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the alkaline reagent for lignocellulosic pretreatment and investigated the feasibility of recycling the black liquor (BL) as molecular bio-activator for plant growth. After optimization of KOH pretreatment, the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice straw achieved to 86.6% under the optimum condition of 2% KOH, 15:1 of liquid–solid ratio, 70 °C for 1 h. The ethanol production and conversion ratio was 32.24 g/L and 53.0% respectively at 20% solid loading. The tobacco cultured in the nutrient solution with BL was more luxuriant than that without BL, of which the dry weight of plant increased 367% and the leaf area increment of tobacco was about 2∼4 times than the control after 30 days. Thus this study provided a promising way to accelerate the industrialization of alkaline pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production.


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