scholarly journals X-ray image of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns with low and extremely low birth weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Е. А. Krasilnikova ◽  
V. D. Zavadovskaya ◽  
V. A. Zhelev ◽  
J. O. Lyulko ◽  
S. P. Ermolenko ◽  
...  

Introduction. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is characterized by immaturity of lung tissue, surfactant deficiency and is a common cause of mortality in premature infants. X-ray is the main method for determining the causes and severity of respiratory failure in newborns.Purpose. Systematization of the results of X-ray examination of the lungs of newborns with varying degrees of prematurity, compared with autopsy data.Materials and methods. The analysis of X-ray data and sectional material of 32 premature infants with low and extremely low body weight who died with clinical manifestations of RDS was performed.Research results. The article provides a comparative analysis of various types of radiological changes in the lungs (reticulo-nodular pulmonary pattern (n=10), cellular deformity of the pulmonary pattern (n=5), «air bronchogram» (n=20), «air leakage» syndrome (n=6), focal-confluent shadows/infiltrative-like foci of darkening (n=9)) and autopsy results of premature newborns.Conclusion. The greatest number of coincidences of radiological and histological data took place in BPD (80%), the smallest — in pulmonary hemorrhages (20%). The coincidence of conclusions for pneumonia and GM disease is 58–56%, respectively. Difficulty in the differential diagnosis of the X-ray picture of the lungs in low birth-weight infants lies in the frequent combination of pathological conditions. Respiratory failure with a wide range of pathological changes in the lungs developed in 15 (53,6%) newborns in the absence of criteria for surfactant insufficiency against the background of respiratory support.

1972 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1178-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin J. Hobel ◽  
William Oh ◽  
Marcia A. Hyvarinen ◽  
George C. Emmanouilides ◽  
Allen Erenberg

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1007
Author(s):  
Meenakshi K. Jhaveri ◽  
Savitri P. Kumar

Times of first stool passage were studied in 171 infants who weighed less than 1,500 g at birth. Delayed passage (greater than 48 hours) was noted in 20.4% of this group. Significant differences were noted between the delayed and nondelayed groups for gestational age, presence of severe respiratory distress syndrome, and the time of the first enteral feeding. In very low birth weight infants, delay in the passage of the first stool is a common occurrence. This delay is probably due to physiologic immaturity of the motor mechanisms of the gut, lack of triggering effect of enteral feeds on gut hormones, and the presence of severe respiratory distress syndrome, which may singly or in concert adversely affect gastrointestinal motility.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Liechty ◽  
Edward Donovan ◽  
Dilip Purohit ◽  
Joseph Gilhooly ◽  
Bernard Feldman ◽  
...  

To determine if outcomes of low birth weight neonates with respiratory distress syndrome can be improved by the administration of multiple doses of bovine surfactant, we conducted two identical multicenter, controlled trials, and the results were combined for analysis. Seven hundred and ninety-eight neonates weighing 600 to 1750 g at birth who had developed respiratory distress syndrome within 6 hours of birth were assigned randomly to receive either 100 mg of phospholipid/kg of Survanta, a modified bovine surfactant (n = 402), or a sham dosing procedure (n = 396). Neonates whose respiratory distress persisted could be given up to three more doses, with all doses to be given in the first 48 hours after birth. Dosing was performed by investigators not involved in the clinical care of the neonates; nursery staff were kept blinded as to the treatment assignment. Fewer Survanta-treated neonates died of any cause (18.4% vs 27.3%, P = .002), died of respiratory distress syndrome (9.0% vs 20.3%, P < .001), and either died or developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia due to respiratory distress syndrome (51.2% vs 64.6%, P < .001). Neonates who received Survanta also had greater improvement in their oxygenation and ventilatory status from baseline to 72 hours than did control neonates. Survanta-treated neonates were at lowered risk for developing pulmonary interstitial emphysema (18.6% vs 39.3%, P < .001) and other pulmonary air leaks (11.5% vs 25.9%, P < .001). We conclude that multiple doses of Survanta given after diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome reduce mortality and morbidity.


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