Trade facilitation: definition and current significance for economic development of Russia

At the present stage of the functioning of the multilateral trading system there is an increasing need to find new approaches to the development and facilitation of trade other than the reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers. Trade facilitation is the field of activity of many international organizations, it is recognized as an effective tool for promoting economic development and capacity building both at the level of an individual state, and within integration associations and regions, which, due to their geographic location have close political and economic ties. The areas targeted by trade facilitation measures are diverse and have evolved over time. This has led to the fact that the concept of trade facilitation does not have a specific applied characteristic, as well as a generally accepted framework for the implementation of initiatives in this area, which undoubtedly deserves scientific attention. This approaches to interpretation of trade facilitation term in Russian practice are described. Also were hold the analyses of considering term definitions, which were defined by international organizations in accordance with their scope of work and those, which are proposed by scientists. The main approaches to understanding of considering term were exposed, that make possible to characterize the essence and main directions of trade facilitation measures implementation. The feasible economical profits of implementing initiations in field of trade facilitation in framework of international trade both from supply and demand are described. In addition, the main perspectives of trade facilitation measures for different participants of international trade were systematized. In conclusion, defined authors approach for understanding of trade facilitation term concerning the interests of Russia in this sphere. The author identified the most relevant vectors for the implementation of measures to facilitate trade procedures, which reflect the current directions for the implementation of the economic policy of the Russian Federation, as well as ensure the creation and maintenance of a favorable business environment to stimulate the development of foreign economic activity and foreign trade.

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Financing Dilemma of Minor enterprises in Post-epidemic Era and Its Suggestions-Taking Wuhan City as an Example

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127501036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 275 ◽

pp. 01036

Author(s):

Chenyi Zhao ◽

Junyi Wang

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Economic Development ◽

National Economy ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Business Environment ◽

Wuhan City ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Fund Allocation ◽

Policy Suggestions ◽

Financing Dilemma

Minor enterprises have made an indelible contribution to economic development, while financing has always been a problem hindering the sustainable development of them. Under the influence of the epidemic, the business environment of minor enterprises has changed, and the financing demand has also changed. However, the degree and scope of assistance are limited. There is a contradiction between supply and demand in fund allocation. Based on this, this project puts forward policy suggestions by studying the changes of financing demand and fund supplier of minor enterprises in Wuhan in the post epidemic era, which will help to solve the financing difficulties and promote healthy and sustainable development of the national economy.

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD MARKET OF SERVICES IN TURBULENCE CONDITIONS AND CHANGES

International scientific journal Internauka ◽

10.25313/2520-2057-2020-18-6559 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Larysa Nosach ◽

◽

Victoria Morgun ◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

International Trade ◽

Service Sector ◽

World Market ◽

Global Dimension ◽

Trade In Services ◽

Current State ◽

The World

The author's research of the current state and features of the development of the world market for services in conditions of turbulence of world processes was carried; the world leaders of the service sector in the global dimension and leaders of the most dynamic articles of service categories were identified; the share of world exports of services by countries by the level of their economic development was justified; weaknesses in the assessment of indicators of international trade in services were identified; the research is based on UNCTAD statistics.

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Summary and conclusions

10.1093/oso/9780198818014.003.0016 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas F. Babor ◽

Jonathan Caulkins ◽

Benedikt Fischer ◽

David Foxcroft ◽

Keith Humphreys ◽

...

Keyword(s):

International Organizations ◽

Drug Policy ◽

Drug Users ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Unintended Consequences ◽

Public Health Approach ◽

Drug Supply ◽

The Public ◽

Balanced Approach

Among the 47 options reviewed in this book, most show some evidence of effectiveness in at least one country, but the evidence is less than definitive for many others, either because the interventions are ineffective, or the research is inadequate. Unfortunately, policies that have shown little or no evidence of effectiveness continue to be the preferred options of many countries and international organizations. The evidence reviewed in this book supports two overarching conclusions. First, an integrated and balanced approach to evidence-informed drug policy is more likely to benefit the public good than uncoordinated efforts to reduce drug supply and demand. Second, by shifting the emphasis toward a public health approach, it may be possible to reduce the extent of illicit drug use, prevent the escalation of new epidemics, and avoid the unintended consequences arising from the marginalization of drug users through severe criminal penalties.

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Business Environment and Economic Development: Regression Analysis based on the Panel Data from the World Bank

2020 The 4th International Conference on Business and Information Management ◽

10.1145/3418653.3418677 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zheng Lizhong

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Panel Data ◽

World Bank ◽

Business Environment ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World

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Problems of the preliminary customs informing system and the introduction of the Single Window at the sea check points of the Russian Federation

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201823904004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 239 ◽

pp. 04004 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Svetlana Maydanova ◽

Igor Ilin

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

International Trade ◽

Russian Federation ◽

International Organizations ◽

International Standards ◽

Eurasian Economic Union ◽

Check Points ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Economic Union ◽

National Governments

The Single Window concept in the international trade and logistics has been explored by international organizations and national governments over the last two decades. International standards and recommendations, government decisions on this approach are widespread today in both developed and developing countries. Similar decisions and legal acts were implemented during the last ten years by the Russian Federation, as a member of the Eurasian Economic Union. This article provides overview of the following coherent stage – the implementation of preliminary customs informing system at sea check points of the RF with concerns of the Single Window introduction.

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Reform in the international food aid regime: the role of consensual knowledge

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818300001491 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 225-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Raymond F. Hopkins

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

International Organizations ◽

Epistemic Community ◽

Food Aid ◽

Local Production ◽

Short Term ◽

The 1950S ◽

Food Imports

The principles and norms adopted by the regime governing food aid in the 1950s have changed substantially during the subsequent three decades. Explaining the changes necessarily includes analyzing the efforts of an international epistemic community consisting of economic development specialists, agricultural economists, and administrators of food aid. According to the initial regime principles, food aid should be provided from donors' own surplus stocks, should supplement the usual commercial food imports in recipient countries, should be given under short-term commitments sensitive to the political and economic goals of donors, and should directly feed hungry people. As a result of following these principles, the epistemic community and other critics argued, food aid often had the adverse effects of reducing local production of food in recipient countries and exacerbating rather than alleviating hunger. The epistemic community (1) developed and proposed ideas for more efficiently supplying food aid and avoiding “disincentive” effects and (2) pushed for reforms to make food aid serve as the basis for the recipients' economic development and to target it at addressing long-term food security problems. The ideas of the international epistemic community have increasingly received support from international organizations and the governments of donor and recipient nations. Most recently, they have led to revisions of the U.S. food aid program passed by Congress in October 1990 and signed into law two months later. As the analysis of food aid reform demonstrates, changes in the international regime have been incremental, rather than radical. Moreover, the locus for the change has shifted from an American-centered one in the 1950s to a more international one in recent decades.

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Trade in Services: Removing Barriers

Political Science and Politics ◽

10.1017/s1049096500014682 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 16 (01) ◽

pp. 17-24

Author(s):

Joan Edelman Spero

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

Data Processing ◽

International Organizations ◽

Service Sector ◽

Trade In Services ◽

National Examination ◽

First Time

The meeting of the ministers of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in Geneva last November produced a little-noted but significant accomplishment. In the final hours of difficult, and at times acrimonious, debate, the ministers agreed to initiate a study on international trade in services–industries such as banking, insurance, communications, data processing, engineering and shipping. In the text of the final communique, GATT's contracting parties agreed to:• Recommend that each contracting party undertake a national examination of service sector issues;• Invite contracting parties to exchange this information among themselves and through international organizations, such as the GATT, on as uniform a basis as possible; and• Review the information at their 1984 session to determine whether a multilateral framework on services is desirable, and, if so, how to proceed.Although a modest step, the accord marks an economic milestone, for it is the first time that GATT's contracting parties have agreed to examine trade in services with the possibility of expanding international trade rules to cover services as well as goods.

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