scholarly journals The Connection Between Depression And Chronic Pain. A Cross-Sectional Study For Individuals With Chronic Pain In Hail Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Alyaqoub Salma ◽  
Marwa Alhejail ◽  
Ebtesam Alharbi ◽  
Alshammari Dalal ◽  
Kholoud Alawad ◽  
...  

Chronic pain is a physical disorder and a critical factor in determining depression. Their synchronicity tends to worsen the risk of both disorders. The research to date has found little information about the relationship between them. This research aimed to provide new insights into the understanding of the relationship between chronic pain and depression among the residents of Hail city, to free patients from chronic pain-induced depression. Statistical data in this paper confirmed that more than half of patients with pain also suffer from depression or mood swings. Data were collected with an online, semistructured questionnaire; the obtained data were converted into statistical data using Microsoft Excel 2013. It was found that women are more likely than men to develop depression due to chronic pain. The main cause of depression in patients was a chronic headache, colitis, and rheumatoid arthritis respectively, and it was found that the most commonly used pain relief medications were NSAIDs and painkillers & on the other hand, the most frequently used antidepressants were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. According to our findings, the type of chronic disease and its link to the patient's gender, education level, and the type of pain relief drug taken are the major elements that determined this association. We must also remember the patient's extensive medical history with a chronic pain condition, which played a significant influence among our patients who took part in our survey. Moreover, it was noticed that most patients received adequate information from the pharmacist about their antidepressant medication. Finally, depression still ranks high as a major factor affecting an individual's life in general; therefore, this research could promote the identification of new causes and targets for chronic pain-induced depression.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1821-1821
Author(s):  
Benjamin Littenberg ◽  
Thomas Ahern ◽  
Emily Tarleton

Abstract Objectives We sought to describe the relationship between serum magnesium, inflammation, and chronic pain in adult primary care patient. Methods We sought to describe this relationship utilizing a cross-sectional analysis of medical records from 5639 adults (mean age 59 years; 42% men) seen in The University of Vermont Medical Center primary care clinics between 2015 and 2018. Patients with at least one serum magnesium level, C-reactive protein (CRP, a measure of inflammation) level, and chronic pain score (self-reported visual analogue scale) were included. Results Univariate analysis confirmed the relationship between serum magnesium and chronic pain (−0.31 points/mg/dL; 95% CI −0.47, −0.14; P < 0.001). However, when serum magnesium and CRP were both included in the model, the relationship with pain is unclear (N = 1345; CI −0.003, 0.002; P = 0.69). Conclusions For adults seen in primary care, lower serum magnesium levels are associated with chronic pain. This inverse relationship is not explained by random noise, including age and gender. The complex relationship between serum magnesium, CRP, and pain is complex requires further exploration. Funding Sources None.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sameer Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Mamdouh M. Shubair ◽  
Ashraf El-Metwally ◽  
Majid Alsalamah ◽  
Saeed Mastour Alshahrani ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Antonia L. Wadley ◽  
Tamar Pincus ◽  
Michael Evangeli

Background: Stigma related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains common and has been associated with severity of HIV-related symptoms. Associations between HIV stigma and HIV-related pain, one of the most common symptoms in HIV, have however not been investigated. Data from low back pain populations suggest that stigma is associated with worse pain intensity and so we hypothesised that the same would be the case in HIV.Aim: The goal of this study was to assess the association between HIV stigma and pain intensity in people living with HIV (PLWH) with chronic pain whilst controlling for depression, a well-established correlate of pain.Setting: The study took place at an HIV clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa.Methods: Mediation analysis was used to assess the effect of depression on the relationship between stigma and pain intensity in a cross-sectional cohort of 50 PLWH and chronic pain (pain most days of the week for > 3 months). All participants were assessed using the HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument – PLWA, an 11-point numerical pain rating scale and the Beck Depression Inventory II.Results: In all, 88% (44/50) of participants reported experiencing some form of HIV stigma (HIV stigma scale score ≥ 1). Worst pain intensity and depressive symptoms individually correlated with total stigma score (Spearman’s r = 0.33, p = 0.02 for both). The mediation analysis highlighted that mediation of the relationship by depression was equivocal (b = -0.002, bootstrapped confidence interval -0.02 to 0.00).Conclusion: Whilst these preliminary data are marginal, they do suggest that associations between HIV stigma and HIV-related pain warrant further investigation. Future study should also include potential mechanisms, which may include mediation through depression.


Author(s):  
Shruti Singh ◽  
Rekha Prasad

This paper investigates the role of psychological climate and workplace gamification as determinants in predicting employee engagement. An empirical research was conducted with 320 respondents from private banking sector in India. The data was collected through self administered Google doc form and was analyzed through structural modeling (SEM) which is a measurable procedure for evaluating and testing relation among variables by a blend of measurable statistical data and subjective causal presumptions. SEM is an extremely common, linear, principally cross-sectional measurable displaying technique. The findings of the results confirmed that psychological climate and workplace gamification positively and significantly predict employee engagement. Psychological climate and workplace gamification explain 40% of the variance concerning employee engagement. The practical significance of the study is of most extreme significance for private banking sector confronting high pressure workload and disengagement. This study explored the relationship among employee engagement, psychological climate and workplace gamification which hasn’t done on a theoretical and empirical basis in the Indian context.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahisa Ogawa ◽  
Luis Castelo-Branco ◽  
Chie Usui

BACKGROUND Chronic pain is the leading cause of disability, affecting nearly half of the global population. One of the recommended treatments for chronic pain is physical activity, which can be measured in daily life by a pedometer. However, low adherence to the pedometer use could result in incorrect measurements. Due to the ubiquitous use of smartphones, we developed the “Pain-Note” app to collect step count and moving distance. With the use of the Pain-Note app, we obtained the real-world information with a smartphone built-in pedometer and assessed the relationship between daily life step count and pain. OBJECTIVE The aim of our research is (1) to evaluate the association between the daily step count and pain level using a pedometer developed on the iPhone smartphone among patients with chronic pain, and (2) determine if the association between the daily step count and pain levels is curvilinear. METHODS We conducted cross-sectional research with data collected from the “Pain-Note” app on step count and questionnaires, including the duration and intensity of pain, the widespread pain index (WPI) and symptom severity score (SS score), the insomnia severity scale (ISS), and 7 questions for depressive symptoms. We analyzed the association between step count and pain levels considering a non-linear relationship using a restricted cubic spline model. RESULTS Between June 1, 2018 to June 11, 2020, a total of 6,138 records were identified and a total of 1,323 were analyzed. Participants in the 4th quartile (more than 5793 steps a day) had an increased number of step count significantly associated with less pain in numeric pain scale (mean difference, -0.38; 95%CI, -0.74- -0.02; P=.037), compared to the 1st quartile and the restricted cubic splines for the association between step count and pain scale displayed a steep decline followed by a moderate decrease as the step count increased. However, this association was not observed among those who met the fibromyalgia criteria. CONCLUSIONS Step count measured by the “Pain-Note”-based pedometer showed an association with pain levels with an inflection point among individuals with chronic pain, whereas among participants who met the fibromyalgia criteria there was no association. These findings suggest that participants who meet the criteria for fibromyalgia present a different response between walking and pain perception than those in the general chronic pain population.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S716-S716
Author(s):  
Amanda F Elliott ◽  
Ann Horgas

Abstract Reduced cognitive skills have been observed in adults with chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between pain and cognition in adults utilizing a large national sample. This was a cross-sectional study employing the 2015 wave of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). A total of 134,058 adults had complete data on the variables of interest for this study. Half of the sample (50%; n = 66,479) reported having joint symptoms or arthritis that was physically limiting and 16% (n = 21,976) reported having difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions. Twelve percent (n = 16,537) of this sample reported having both physically limiting pain and difficulty concentrating and remembering. Chi-square analyses reveal a statistically significant association between pain and cognition in this sample [X2(1, N= 134,058) = 6925.5, p<.01], with a small to medium effect size (phi=0.227). This study provides support that pain is associated with difficulty concentrating and remembering in adults. Pain is a common persistent symptom among older adults and its effect on cognitive functioning should be noted. Effective pain treatment strategies are warranted to help reduce the cognitive burden of chronic pain. In turn, in older adults who are experiencing concentration or memory problems, health care providers should assess the individual’s pain as a possible contributor. Additional studies assessing both pain and cognition are warranted, especially looking at the relationship of these conditions over time.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Probst ◽  
Susanne Neumeier ◽  
Jürgen Altmeppen ◽  
Michael Angerer ◽  
Thomas Loew ◽  
...  

Research has shown that pain is associated with disability and that depressed mood mediates the relationship between pain and disability. The question of whether duration of pain moderates these effects was addressed in this cross-sectional study with 356 chronic pain patients. A simple mediation model replicated the notion that depressed mood explains a significant proportion of the relationship between pain and disability (in the study at hand: 12%). A moderated mediation model revealed that the indirect effect of pain on disability through depressed mood is moderated by pain duration: while depressed mood did not mediate the effect of pain on disability in chronic pain patients with shorter pain duration, depressed mood significantly mediated the effect pain exerts on disability in chronic pain patients with longer pain duration. Pain duration did not moderate the direct effect of pain on disability. Implications of these findings for the treatment of chronic pain might be that targeting depressed mood is especially relevant in chronic pain patients with longer pain duration to reduce the effect of pain on disability.


2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soye Peniel Asawo ◽  
Benibo Meeting George

Purpose The quality of the relationship between leaders and their followers appears to be one of the critical determinants of employees’ commitment at work. For instance, it has been empirically established that the impressions that managers convey of themselves to their subordinates, is a critical factor in the leader-follower relationship. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between leaders’ intimidation impression management (IM) and subordinates’ affective job commitment in the telecommunications industry in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The design adopted for this study is the cross-sectional survey design. The questionnaire was utilized to generate data from a sample of 306 employees from the six major telecommunication companies in Nigeria. The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient was used as the inferential test statistic for assessing the relationship between leaders’ intimidation IM and subordinates’ affective job commitment. Findings The results showed that leaders’ threat, warning, fear-arousal, and discomfort-arousal all had significant but weak association with subordinates’ affective job commitment. The study thus found that as leaders apply intimidation IM strategies, workers’ sense of emotive attachment to their organization only improves minimally. Research limitations/implications Data were generated from employees, indicating that the outcome is based on their perception which may be skewed. Practical implications The outcome of the study will help managers in the Nigerian telecommunication industry to avoid the pitfalls that are associated with the arbitrary and excessive use of intimidation as an IM tactic. Rather, they would be guided to encourage good quality leader-member-exchange between them and their subordinates in enhancing individual and organizational performance. Originality/value This is the first main work to examine and identify the nature of the predictive effect of leaders’ intimidation IM on subordinates’ affective job commitment in the telecommunications industry in Nigeria.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia L Wadley ◽  
Tamar Pincus ◽  
Michael Evangeli

AbstractObjectiveHIV stigma remains common and has been associated with severity of HIV-related symptoms. Associations between HIV stigma and HIV-related pain, one of the most common symptoms in HIV, have not been investigated however. Data from low back pain populations suggest that stigma associates with worse pain intensity and so we hypothesised that the same would be the case in HIV. In a small pilot study we assessed the association between HIV stigma and pain intensity in PLWH with chronic pain while controlling for depression, a well-established correlate of pain.MethodsMediation analysis was used to assess the effect of depression on the relationship between stigma and pain intensity in a cross-sectional cohort of 50 PLWH and chronic pain (pain most days of the week for > 3 months) recruited in Johannesburg, South Africa. All participants were assessed using: HIV/AIDS stigma instrument – PLWA (HASI-P), 11-point numerical pain rating scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory II.Results88% (44/50) of participants reported experiencing some form of HIV stigma (HIV stigma scale score ≥ 1). Worst pain intensity and depressive symptoms individually correlated with total stigma score (Spearman’s r = 0.33, p = 0.02 for both). The mediation analysis highlighted that mediation of the relationship by depression was equivocal (b = −0.002, bootstrapped CI −0.02 to 0.00).ConclusionsWhilst these preliminary data are marginal, they do suggest that associations between HIV stigma and HIV-related pain warrant further investigation. Future study should also include potential mechanisms, which may include mediation through depression.


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