scholarly journals O URBANISMO COMO ECONOMIA POLÍTICA DO/NO ESPAÇO: REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DO PROCESSO DE METROPOLIZAÇÃO DE BELO HORIZONTE

GEOgraphia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (51) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Andrade Santos
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Urban And Regional Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
State Interventions

Este estudo discute o processo de produção do espaço de Belo Horizonte, tendo como fio condutor a análise da ação conjunta entre Estado e capital. Mostra-se, a partir do caso prático de Belo Horizonte, que, no processo de modernização e metropolização contemporâneos, a espoliação dos mais pobres continua a ocorrer. Nesse processo, o urbanismo, travestido de planejamento urbano e regional, planejamento estratégico etc., assume seu papel de saber político vinculado às necessidades do capital, organizando o espaço em função dos interesses deste último. A valorização do solo urbano acontece com o auxílio das intervenções do Estado via instrumentos de planejamento urbano previstos na própria legislação urbanística brasileira. Há a elevação do preço da terra e dos serviços, o que tende a dificultar o acesso dos trabalhadores de baixa renda, sendo a renda fundiária oriunda desses processos apropriada pelo capital rentista. Considerando as características da urbanização na porção norte da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte no passado em comparação com o momento atual, verifica-se que, embora o capitalismo venha se trasformando ao longo do último século, se adaptando às suas crises, a sua essência permanece a mesma, bem como a essência da urbanização que produz. Observa-se como desdobramento direto uma nova rodada de gentrificação do espaço e do consequente processo de periferização por conta da ampliação da capitalização do solo urbano da metrópole.Palavras-chave: Urbanização; Produção do Espaço; Capital; Estado; Urbanismo. URBANISM LIKE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE/IN THE SPACE: REFLECTIONS BASED ON THE BELO HORIZONTE METROPOLIZATION PROCESS CASE Abstract: This study discusses the Belo Horizonte’s production of space process, having as a guideline the analysis of the association between government and capital. It is shown from the empirical case of Belo Horizonte that in the contemporary modernization and metropolization process the dispossession of the poorest continues. In this process, urbanism, disguised of urban and regional planning, strategic planning, etc., assumes its role of political knowledge linked to organize the space in function of the capital needs. The valorization of urban soil occurs with the aid of State interventions using urban planning instruments provided for in the Brazilian urban legislation itself. There is an increase in the price of land and services, which tends to hinder the access of low-income workers, and the land income from these processes is appropriated by rentier capital. Considering the characteristics of urbanization in the northern portion of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte in the past compared to the current moment, it appears that, although capitalism has been changing over the last century, adapting to its crises, its essence remains the same, as well as the essence of the urbanization it produces. A new round of gentrification of the space and the consequent process of periphery growth can be observed as a direct development due to the expansion of the capitalization of metropolis urban land.Keywords: Urbanization; Production of Space; Capital; State; Urbanism. EL URBANISMO COMO ECONOMÍA POLÍTICA DEL / EN EL ESPACIO: REFLEXIONES A PARTIR DEL PROCESO DE METROPOLIZACIÓN DE BELO HORIZONTE Resumen: Este estudio discute el proceso de producción del espacio de Belo Horizonte, teniendo como pauta el análisis de la acción conjunta entre Estado y capital. Se muestra, a partir del caso práctico de Belo Horizonte, que, en el proceso de modernización y metropolización contemporánea, se sigue produciendo el saqueo de los más pobres. En este proceso, el urbanismo, disfrazado de planificación urbana y regional, planificación estratégica, etc., asume su papel de conocimiento político vinculado a las necesidades del capital, organizando el espacio según los intereses de este último. La valorización del suelo urbano se da con la ayuda de intervenciones estatales mediante los instrumentos de planificación urbana previstos en la propia legislación urbana brasileña. Existe un aumento en el precio de la tierra y los servicios, lo que tiende a dificultar el acceso de los trabajadores de bajos ingresos, y los ingresos de la tierra de estos procesos son apropiados por el capital rentista. Considerando las características de la urbanización en la parte norte de la Región Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte en el pasado en comparación con el momento actual, parece que, aunque el capitalismo ha ido cambiando durante el último siglo, adaptándose a sus crisis, su esencia sigue siendo la misma, así como la esencia de la urbanización que produce. Una nueva ronda de gentrificación del espacio y el consecuente proceso de periferización puede verse como un desarrollo directo debido a la expansión de la capitalización del suelo urbano de la metrópoli.Palabras-clave: Urbanización; Producción espacial; Capital; Estado; Urbanismo.  

In search of lost space: The process of space planning through remembering and history

Organization ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio James Petani ◽  
Jeanne Mengis
Keyword(s):  
Production Of Space ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Contested Narratives

This article explores the role of remembering and history in the process of planning new spaces. We trace how the organizational remembering of past spaces enters the conception (i.e. planning) of a large culture center. By drawing on Henri Lefebvre’s reflections on history, time and memory, we analyze the processual interconnections of his spatial triad, namely between the planned, practiced, and lived moments of the production of space. We find that over time space planning involves recurrent, changing, and contested narratives on ‘lost spaces’, remembering happy spaces of the past that articulate a desire to regain them. The notion of lost space adds to our understanding of how space planning involves, through organizational remembering, a sociomaterial and spatiotemporal work of relating together different spaces and times in non-linear narratives of repetition.

The Political Economy of Easy Credit Policies

2016 ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Karim Azizi ◽  
Thibault Darcillon
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
The Political ◽  
Aggregate Consumption ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marginal Effects

During the past thirty years, U.S. economic growth has disproportionately benefited the richest percentiles of the American population, i.e., the top income earners. Although this phenomenon is difficult to explain from a “standard” political economy perspective (i.e., majority voting), recent literature emphasizes the role of consumer credit as a means of circumventing costly public redistribution. According to this theory, most OECD and, notably, American policymakers should have facilitated middleclass and low-income households’ access to consumer credit to cushion the effects of increased income inequality (i.e., an increased share of GDP held by top earners). Our contribution to this literature is to argue that increases in inequality (as measured by expansions in the share of GDP held by top income earners) should be associated with aggregate consumption increases. Indeed, in response to increased inequality, easy credit policies stimulate low-income and middle-class consumption, which contributes to an increased aggregate consumption level. Using a panel dataset of 20 developed OECD economies between 1980 and 2007, we show that such increases in inequality are actually associated with expansions of aggregate consumption. Finally, when computing marginal effects, we conclude that these expansions increase with the size of the financial sector.

Financial Aid: A Broken Bridge to College Access?

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIDGET TERRY LONG ◽  
ERIN RILEY
Keyword(s):  
Financial Aid ◽  
College Access ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Students Of Color ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
Financial Aid Policy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aid Policy

In this article, Bridget Terry Long and Erin Riley argue that in recent years, U.S. financial aid policy has shifted its emphasis from expanding college access for lowincome students toward defraying the costs for middle- and upper-income families. They explain how loans, merit-based aid, and education tax breaks are increasingly replacing need-based aid and discuss how the declining role of grants may disproportionately disadvantage students already underrepresented in higher education. They document the rise in students' unmet financial needs over the past decade, showing that low-income students and students of color are especially likely to face substantial unmet need even after taking into account all available grants and loans, as well as family contributions. In response to these trends, the authors call for a greater emphasis on need-based aid, especially grants, to reduce the role of cost as a barrier to college access.

scholarly journals The Role of Technology in Nigerian Catfish Production: A Review

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ijabo Ogah ◽  
Goshen David Miteu ◽  
Emmanuel Oluwasogo Oyewole ◽  
Josephine Oluseyi Adebayo ◽  
Elohozino Oghale Benneth
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
The Past ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Considerable Pressure

This article examines the state of Catfish production in Nigeria and the roles technology has played over the past decades. Heightened demand as a result of increased population puts considerable pressure on production. In response to this pressure aquaculturists ramped up production activities, this demand-driven increase exposes the major gaps as the industry struggles to cope with the absence of fundamental structures like inadequate structured funding, markets, processing and preservation facilities among others. Such gaps exist in all aspects of aquaculture and technology is a viable plug for many of them. The aquaculture of developing nations has certain peculiarities which predispose it to slow development. Many fishermen and aquaculturists in low-income regions are trapped in economic systems that result in relative poverty. Many reasons have been put forward to explain the dynamics behind these consequences with technology playing a major role from the consensus. Rapid advances in hatchery, water quality and molecular technology have been identified as some of the active drivers of Catfish production in Nigeria. The article focuses on the history, progress and prospects of aquaculture technology in Nigeria. It does so by reviewing the technologies already established in Catfish farming and the impact of their roles in balancing fish demand and supply.

Intersections in Subaltern Urbanism: The narratives of women in urban occupations in Brazil

2019 ◽  
pp. 239965441988796
Author(s):  
Mariana de Moura Cruz ◽  
Natália Alves da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Construction Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Category ◽  
And Gender

In the past decade in Brazil, we have witnessed the rise of a new subaltern space, which has prompted a new theoretical category, incorporated in the contemporary epistemologies of Subaltern Urbanism: Urban Occupations. These new terrains of livelihood and self-organization have prompted a series of new resistance strategies, everyday practices and narratives that must be understood and decodified. The Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte—third largest in the country—accounts for over 25 housing occupations in its territory, more than half of which settled in the last five years. Occupation Rosa Leão, established in 2013, is one of them. As it happens in many other occupations, most of its dwellers are black women. They constitute majority in the coordination groups and are often more closely involved in the collective necessities of the community. The present article draws upon the experiences of these women as subjects of their own history to showcase urban occupation as a powerful place for understanding and dismantling the always existing but often overlooked intersection between coloniality and gender. It relies on the activist and academic engagement of both authors in these territories, and specifically in the experience with a women-only self-construction workshop organized in October 2017. Through this workshop, we sought to understand how “usually male” construction knowledge was employed (or not) by women, how it could be used as a tool for domination/emancipation and how gender relations intertwined with such issues in the process.

Report of the Managing Director to the International Monetary and Financial Committee on the IMF's Policy Agenda

Policy Papers ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (57) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
The Past ◽  
Board Of Governors ◽  
Key Aspects

This report provides an update on the work and direction of the Fund since the 2006 Spring Meetings and for the period ahead. Over the past six months work has concentrated on implementing key aspects of the Medium-Term Strategy (MTS), especially in the areas of surveillance and quotas and voice. In surveillance, the new multilateral consultation has been launched, the Board is reviewing the Fund’s general decision on surveillance (the 1977 Decision on Surveillance over Exchange Rate Policies), and it has discussed the possibility of setting a remit for surveillance based on a set of objectives and priorities. Progress is being made on quotas and voice and specific proposals are contained in the report and resolution from the Executive Board to the Board of Governors. Work in other areas has focused on the role of the Fund in emerging markets and low-income countries (LICs), building institutions and capacity, and managing an effective institution.

scholarly journals Local fish extinction in a small tropical lake in Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo dos Santos Pompeu ◽  
Carlos Bernardo Mascarenhas Alves
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Submerged Vegetation ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Belo Horizonte

Lagoa Santa is a shallow permanent lake, located in Belo Horizonte metropolitan region, Brazil. In this study, the loss in fish diversity of the lake over the past 150 years is evaluated. Local extinction of almost 70% of the original fish fauna is described. Probably, the main causes of this richness loss were: obstruction of natural communication with rio das Velhas, non-native species introduction, change in the water level, organic pollution, and elimination of littoral and submerged vegetation.

scholarly journals The role of discourses in enacting neoliberal urbanism: Understanding the relationship between ideology and discourse in planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana M Zanotto
Keyword(s):  
Belief System ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Explanatory Mechanism ◽  
The Relationship

Claims that neoliberalism has been shaping planning practice and the production of space abound in planning literature. In this article, neoliberalism is treated not only as a set of policies but also as an ideology that organizes a particular way of seeing and orients action accordingly. The article explores how a particular socially shared belief system (ideology) that is taken as common sense (naturalized) provides the basis for particular ways of talking (discourses) about planning and urban development that legitimize and justify certain actions while making alternative possibilities unthinkable. In this sense, the article focuses on ideology in action and provides an empirically grounded discussion that renders ideology visible. Thus, ideology emerges from the empirical case as an explanatory mechanism to make sense of the dominant discourse that legitimizes the proliferation of suburban gated communities in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, in Brazil. The deconstruction of the discourse reveals content and structural properties that combine environmental concerns and neoliberal principles to turn potentially controversial practices into desirable outcomes. The ideological nature of the discourse is revealed when alternative ways of seeing and acting challenge its commonsensical and taken for granted claims. While simplifying complex relationships and rendering important elements invisible, the discourse appeals to a wide range of actors who hold different individual and professional values. Ultimately, this article offers insights into the mechanisms through which ideologies are manifested, reproduced, and materialized in planning practice.

scholarly journals Inheritance, gifts and the accumulation of wealth for low-income households

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-548
Author(s):  
Salvatore Morelli ◽  
Brian Nolan ◽  
Juan C Palomino ◽  
Philippe Van Kerm
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Transfer Scheme ◽  
Wealth Transfer ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Low Income Households

Many low-income households in rich countries have very little wealth, but the role of intergenerational wealth transmission in underpinning this deficit is not known. This article seeks to fill that gap by investigating patterns of past wealth transfer receipt for low-income versus other households in seven rich countries and assessing the contribution that these transfers, or their absence, make to current wealth levels. We find that households on low incomes are relatively disadvantaged in terms of intergenerational transfers received in the past, both in terms of the likelihood of having received any and the amounts received by those who do benefit from such transfers. The role that this disadvantage plays in the linkage between current low-income and low wealth is assessed and evidence presented that it is significant. Simulation of a universal wealth transfer scheme or ‘capital endowment’ on reaching adulthood for two countries shows that such a policy could lead to a marked decline in the proportion of low-income adults with negative or no wealth. This and alternative or complementary policy responses to these wealth deficits merit the most serious attention.

scholarly journals Invisible informality and the contribution of information modeling to data-based urban regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-217
Author(s):  
Mariana Quezado Costa Lima ◽  
Clarissa Figueiredo Sampaio Freitas ◽  
Daniel Ribeiro Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Urban Informality ◽  
Brazilian Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatial Exclusion

Recent studies have established the role of urban planning policies in feeding the growth of informal settlements in Brazilian cities, through the socio-spatial exclusion of low-income residents. The difficulties of reversing this exclusionary logic are due to several complex factors. A factor less discussed in Brazilian literature, which has began to draw the attention of scholars, is the invisibility of the informal city. This research assumes that it is necessary to regulate the urban form of precarious informal settlements, in order to prevent the deterioration of urban environmental quality. We highlight the importance of compiling data about their urban form and their built environment, in order to contribute to a reality-based regulatory policy for these settlements. After discussing the phenomenon of urban informality in Fortaleza, we applied a methodology that combines Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and City Information Modeling (CIM), to support the redefinition of urban rules for precarious settlements of informal origin. This procedure will reveal not only the extent of the inadequacies of the (past and current) land use and occupation codes, but will also present some potentialities of GIS and CIM to inform its redefinition.

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