scholarly journals Narrative Review: Implementation of Pharmaceutical Care in Hypertension in Indonesia

Author(s):  
Sarmalina SImamora ◽  
Widyan Muchzadi Akbar ◽  
Sonlimar Mangunsong

Background: In the past, patient care was not a pharmacy orientation. Several developed countries have applied pharmaceutical care in the treatment of hypertension for years. However, it is still there. In Indonesia, the government issued guidelines for the care of hypertension medications for the first time in 2006. The stages are that pharmacists carry out assessments, prepare pharmaceutical service plans, then implement and monitoring. This study aims to examine the application of pharmaceutical care in hypertension in various articles published in Indonesia. Methods: This research is non-experimental research with a narrative review design. Articles were selected using the keywords pharmaceutical care, pharmacy care, pharmaceutical care and hypertension. Articles in national journals. The number of articles reviewed was 13 articles from 2014 to 2019. Results: The application of pharmaceutical care in hypertension in Indonesia has been carried out by pharmacists, especially in hospitals. The implementation stages are more focused on implementation and monitoring. Only 15% carried out the plan, and almost no carried out the assessment. Conclusion: The application of pharmacy in hypertension has not fully complied with the guidelines. Pharmacists have not assessed when they will start pharmaceutical care. Intervention is carried out with various models, such as leaflets, short messages sent and counselling. Results were monitored on the patient's knowledge, compliance and blood pressure. The result is an improvement, although some are not.

Al-Qadha ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Faisal

The journey of the Religious Courts that has been passed in such a long period oftime means that we are talking about the past, namely the history of the Religious Courts.With the entry of Islam into Indonesia, which for the first time in the first century Hijri (1 H /7 AD) brought directly from Arabia by merchants from Mecca and Medina, the communitybegan to implement the teachings and rules of Islamic religion in everyday life. The ReligiousCourt is one of the Special Courts under the authority of the Supreme Court as the highestcourt in the Republic of Indonesia. As an Islamic Judiciary that had been established longbefore Indonesia's independence, the Religious Courts certainly could not be separated fromthe changes that occurred considering the reign of the Government of Indonesia had been heldby various people with different backgrounds, politics and goals, surely it would have animpact on the existence Religious Courts both materially and immaterially, including duringthe Dutch and Japanese colonial rule in Indonesia.


1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kar Neng Lai ◽  
Wai Kei Lo

The socioeconomic statuses of Asian countries are diverse and government reimbursement policies for renal replacement programs vary greatly from one country to another. Both factors affect not only the availability of treatment but also the choice of dialysis modality. Despite the economic growth of Hong Kong over the past three decades, the resources spent by our government on health services are less than other developed countries. The National Health Service, which is run on a tight budget, supports almost 95% of the patients on renal replacement programs. Due to the cost-effectiveness and reimbursement from the government, 79% of patients with end-stage renal failure in Hong Kong are treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). All new patients entering the renal replacement program run by the National Health Service are offered CAPD as the first-line dialytic treatment. Due to budgetary constraint, over the past 10 years dialysis centers in Hong Kong have adopted a small-volume regime of 3 x 2-L daily exchanges as the initial dialysis prescription. This dialysis prescription will be considered to be suboptimal by Western standards, but the survival of these patients was comparable to, or even better than, other areas despite a lower Kt/V. These preliminary studies suggest small-volume dialysis may be an acceptable compromise in Asian populations with their smaller body size, given the financial constraints. These issues are especially important in Asia, where financial resources for renal replacement therapy are still limited in most countries and many patients have to continue working to pay for their renal replacement treatment. Using this small-volume dialytic regime, more patients may be treated with the limited financial resources. Furthermore, our experience raises the question of the importance of nutritional status in patient survival.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6(75)) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Zolotareva ◽  
O.I. Serdukova ◽  
U. I . Zolotareva

Life expectancy is a phenomenon that concerns both theorists and practitioners in sociological, economic, and anthropological research. Declining of mortality and enhancement of the tangible life expectancy of the population depend on the ecological condition of the environment, the level and lifestyle of the people, and the efficiency of health and medical services. According to the estimates of scientists over the past 160 years the real life expectancy increases by three months every year. Studies of factors influencing on life expectancy prove how much each individual will live. Longevity is variable and depends on living conditions, living standards, and nutrition. The main task of the government of economically developed countries is to create conditions for scientists to further research in the field of extending the human life cycle.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Feroz Kamal

Recently, Involvement of young people in different criminal activities is evidence of increased deviant behaviour in young people in Malaysia. Over the past decade, the figures for deviant behaviours among young people in Malaysia continue to increase every year. Many theories have been presented over the years to investigate the factors that are linked to the juvenile’s deviant behaviour. The current study aims to review the existing theories on the Juveniles deviant behaviour to identify the possible caused of the deviant behaviour among juveniles in Malaysia. The results indicated that there are many factors that lead young generation to the deviant behaviour like, lack of parental attention, lack of education, drug abuse and media influence, membership in gangs and urbanization. The results of the current study provided insights of the factors that lead young generation to the criminal activities in Malaysia. It will be helpful for the government for policy making to avoid these factors that lead young people to deviant behaviour in Malaysia. 


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Mohammad Maaz Ahmad

Today world face one of the biggest problem is hypertension in adults. Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, increases the risk for heart disease and stroke, two leading causes of death for people in the United States [1]. In the United States, about 77.9 million (1 out of every 3) adults have high blood pressure. A global brief on hypertension by WHO reported that, the prevalence of hypertension in adults aged 25 and above was about 40% around the world in 2008, rising from 600 million in 1980 to 1 billion in 2008 during the past 28 years [2]. Similarly, this prevalence among the adults aged 18 and above in China has risen from 18.8% in 2002 to 25.2% in 2015, presently, there are more than 200 million hypertensive patients in China [3]. Epidemiological studies show a steadily increasing trend in hypertension prevalence over the last 40 years, more in urban than in the rural areas. This is converse to findings reported from developed countries where there is a significant decrease in its prevalence.


1979 ◽  
Vol 205 (1158) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the U. K. and other developed countries. In the U. K., mortality from coronary heart disease has increased progressively over the past 25 years, particularly in males. This paper examines the possible role of trace metals in the development of cardiovascular disease, with particular reference to the effects of cobalt, cadmium and lead in myocardial disease, atherosclerosis and hypertension. It is concluded that cobalt is an unimportant factor in community levels of cardiovascular disease, that cadmium has striking effects on blood pressure in animals and that there is some evidence for an association between environmental lead and high blood pressure.


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tajul Ariffin Masron ◽  
Yogeeswari Subramaniam

Purpose Remittances to developing countries, especially less developed countries, have been growing tremendously as compared to the past few decades. Nevertheless, whether they can be a critical source of poverty alleviation in developing countries is yet to be conclusively studied. Therefore, this study investigates the implications of remittances on poverty in 44 developing countries from 2006 to 2014. Design/methodology/approach A dynamic panel estimator is applied to examine remittances – poverty nexus. Findings The results provide strong evidence that the level of poverty tends to be lower in countries with a higher flow of remittances. This may be because of the increase in the household incomes of the poor by virtue of the remittance, and/or the money remitted might be channeled to more productive activities, indicating the powerful role of remittances to maintain a sustainable reduction in poverty. Originality/value Although there is no direct policy applicable to remittances, several areas might be good to be assisted and improved by the government.


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Michał Czuba

Humans and their existence depend on the natural system. Maintaining balance in this system requires proper management of natural resources and taking actions aimed at limiting and preventing negative effects of the economic activity as well as rational use of natural resources available in a given time. The effects of the intensive development of the economy with the uncontrolled use of natural resources were felt by developed countries already in the first, and much stronger in the second half of the 20th century. One of them is air pollution contributing to the formation of smog. This problem is so important in Polish conditionsthat measures are taken by the government and its authorities to limit the effects and scope of this phenomenon. These activities serve to increase the ecological security. Over the past dozen or so years, there has been a significant evolution of environmental policy in Poland, new regulations have been created in the field of environmental law. The paper analyzes the issues of Poland’s environmental policy up to 2030 and the “Clean Air” program implemented under this policy. It also attempts to indicate the positive social effects resulting from its implementation.


Author(s):  
Daria Panarina ◽  
Kirill Petrov

Since XV-th century, when first Muslim state has been formed at Mindanao island in the south of the Philippines, practically two very different societies had to co-exist on the territory of the country: Muslims and Filipinos. It created a problem ad numerous conflicts which have not been solved so far. The aggravation between the Filipinos and the inhabitants of the southern island of Mindanao, which occurred in the XX-th century, led to a series of peace negotiations and attempts to reach political consensus. The idea of creating an autonomous territory in Mindanao within the framework of the Republic of the Philippines was framed in the form of a law, repeatedly elaborated, implemented, but without much success. Over the past 22 years, disagreements and a threat to the security of the region preserved, and strong tensions remained between the government of the Philippines and the Islamic leaders of Mindanao. When President Duterte came to power, another attempt was made to resolve this conflict, and for the first time in many years, a law was ratified based on the results of the plebiscite. This law can become the basis for the successful implementation of the idea of autonomy of Mindanao. However, it should be noted that in the near future the likelihood of armed clashes, provocations and serious terrorist acts by the forces of extremist groups in Mindanao is quite high.


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