scholarly journals Determinants of Women’s Empowerment and Household Poverty Reduction in Imbulpe DS Division, Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 21(36) (4) ◽  
pp. 76-90
Author(s):  
S.D. Dilini Rathnachandra ◽  
S.H. Pushpa Malkanthi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Household Poverty ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Women empowerment and poverty reduction are interrelated key driving forces to achieve the sustainable development of a country. However, most of the women farmers in rural areas have lack of access to adequate assets and resources, credit facilities and freedom of decision making within the households. Therefore, women empowerment is a timely important requirement to reduce the household poverty among them. This study was conducted to identify the determinants of empowerment of women farmers and also roles of them in reduction of poverty in Imbulpe Divisional Secretariat (DS) Division in Sri Lanka. In this study, 238 women farmers were selected using simple random sampling method, from purposively identified seven Grama Niladhari (GN) divisions in this area. Primary data was gathered from a field survey using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire from May to July 2019. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used as the statistical methods in data analyzing process. The result revealed that, age, education, monthly income of the respondents, economic resource accessibility, participation in decision making and freedom of mobility act as the determinants of empowerment of women farmers. The moderately significant positive nature of relationship was showed between the age of the women farmers and their role in poverty reduction. And also, the level of education, monthly income, economic resources accessibility of the respondents and participation of decision making within the household of the women farmers were showed moderately significant positive relationship with their role in poverty reduction. Therefore, encourage women farmers as rural entrepreneurs while performing their farming practices to earn additional income, enhance economic resource accessibility and motivate women farmers to express their ideas for enhance the active participation in the household decision making process are timely important requirements to empower women farmers and enhance their role in poverty reduction.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT TOWARDS HOUSEHOLD POVERTY REDUCTION: EVIDENCE FROM PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-397
Author(s):  
Ambreen Sarwar ◽  
Mumtaz Anwar Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Household Poverty ◽  
The Impact

Purpose of the study: This study intends to examine the impact of various dimensions of women empowerment on multiple constituents of household poverty in the three cities (Lahore, Multan and, Rawalpindi) of province Punjab, Pakistan. Methodology: The primary data was gathered from a sample of 2400 married and employed females belonging to the three cities of Punjab, Pakistan. For analysis, the study develops its own all-embracing Women Empowerment and Household Poverty variables using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and examines the relationship between the empowerment of women and household poverty using structural equation modeling (SEM). Main Findings: The results show that women empowerment positively and significantly contributes towards household poverty reduction. Applications of this study: Since poverty is one of the greatest challenges that Pakistan is facing today, the need to change poor standards of living and inspiring women to contribute effectively to society through their active participation in the development process is the dire need of time. The results of the study suggest that in addition to targeting poverty directly, policies should be devised that eradicate poverty through the empowerment of women. Novelty/Originality of this study: The majority of the past studies have limited generalizability because they use already available surveys/published data, having limited dimensions/indicators of women empowerment and household poverty. Moreover, the past studies that have examined the phenomenon of women empowerment ignore its psychological dimensions. Therefore, because of minimal comprehensive investigation, the examination of the effect of the empowerment of women on household poverty remains a topic of interest for the researchers.

scholarly journals Empowerment of rural women farmers and food production in Rathnapura district in Sri Lanka: a household level analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
S D D Rathnachandra
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Land Size ◽  
Modern Farming

Women empowerment and gender equity are two significant aspects of the sustainable development of a country. As Sri Lanka is on the way towards sustainable development, this study was conducted to assess the situation of women farmers’ empowerment and food production in Rathnapura district of the country.  A sample of 300 women farmers was randomly selected for the study, from two selected Divisional Secretariat (DS) of Rathnapura district. Data was collected from a field survey using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire survey from April to July 2019. Empowerment was analyzed using the empowerment framework used by RAHMAN AND NAOZORE in 2007 in the study of “Women Empowerment through Participation in Aquaculture” with necessary modifications.  Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results revealed that majority of the women farmers were middle aged, married and had children. Furthermore, most of them had education up to secondary level. While average family size was four, average farm size was 1.25 acres. They had around 16 years of farming experience.  The average monthly income of them was 25,000.00 LKR whereas 20% of it was from agriculture. The main sources of empowerment of women farmers were the Agrarian Service Center (55%) followed by village organizations/societies (30%) and microfinance institutions (26%). Furthermore, women empowerment index was 0.65. It is a moderate level of empowerment. However, there were women farmers under three categories of empowerment levels: low empowerment (4.1%), medium empowerment (58.5%) and high empowerment (36.1%).   Out of the socio-economic factors; age, education, family size, land size, number of training programs participated, monthly income, experience in agriculture and number of organizations participated, education and number of training programs attended had significant and positive effect for the empowerment. Accessibility of credit facilities and agricultural extension program participation showed that there was a considerable impact on food production rather than the cultivable land size and utilization of modern farming technologies for food production. Therefore, proving of timely important agricultural education and training programs, enhance awareness level of modern farming technology utilization, better micro finance programs and agricultural credit facilities will be able to enhance the empowerment level of the women farmers of this area furthermore.   JEL CODE: Q01, Q12

scholarly journals Hierarchical to Gender Egalitarianism: Women Empowerment and Emancipation through Micro Finance in Rural Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Prakash Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Gender Egalitarianism ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Gender Empowerment ◽  
Gender Theories

The major objective of this paper is to identify the efficacy of Micro Finance in women empowerment and to explore the ramifications of awareness and socioeconomic alterations owing to Micro Finance program. Both quantitative and qualitative data from primary and secondary sources were used in the study. The instruments of primary data collection were questionnaire, observation, interview and focus group discussion. Pedestal on gender theories examining status and power differences related to gender empowerment, role of caste, ethnicity, culture and, to some extent, class status in shaping individuals and problems, this study deduced that gender empowerment is a transformation of gender relations from hierarchal to egalitarian plan rather than just women’s power position and this has been doable through Micro Finance which has proved to be the financial self sustainable paradigm. Microfinance program has supported to women’s income generating and livelihood activities and helped in poverty reduction owing to which rural women’s life style and way of living is altering. Gender empowerment through Micro Finance incorporates emancipation and empowerment of women without creating a misgiving of emasculation of men. Emancipation of women is procuring economic, social and political rights and equality meant for fostering a balance in gender relations as against the one-sided women empowerment approach.Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. 9, No. 1, 2015 pp. 48-62

scholarly journals Female Farmers’ Agricultural Information Needs and Food Production: A Case Study of Imbulpe ds Division in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 21(36) (2) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
S.D. Dilini Rathnachandra ◽  
S.H. Pushpa Malkanthi
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The study was conducted to find out female farmers’ agricultural information needs and their impact on food production, in the Imbulpe DS Division in Sri Lanka. Of the female farmers in the area, 238 were taken as the sample for the study from seven selected Grama Niladhari (GN) divisions in the area. Female farmers were selected by using a simple random sampling method from these purposively selected GN divisions. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire survey was used as the primary data collection method from March to July 2019. Data analysis was done by using descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis. The result revealed that the majority (62.6%) of respondents were middle aged (40-59 years), married, and belonged to families with 4-5 members. Most respondents (64.3 %) had studied up to junior secondary education level. Their average farm land size is 0.84 acres and they have farming experience of about 15 years. Most of the respondents mentioned that they had obtained higher levels of information needs about improved crop varieties. In addition, female farmers reported that they moderately need information on application of agrochemicals, improved market systems and modern farming technologies. Extension agents and other female farmers act as their major sources of agricultural information and ICT equipment acts as the least important agricultural information source in this area. Moreover, there is a significant positive association between the agricultural information needs and food production. Therefore, providing necessary agricultural information and enhanced utilization of ICT tools for agricultural information sources, and encouraging female farmers to participate in farming societies will lead to enhanced food production in this area.

scholarly journals Empowerment of Zimbabwean Women through Entrepreneurship an Economic and Social Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Nhuta ◽  
Ellen Mukumba
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Household Decision

<div><p><em>The objectives of the study were to<ins cite="mailto:usr" datetime="2017-03-14T09:40"> </ins>identify socio-economic characteristics of female entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe and to ascertain the relationship between women empowerment in entrepreneurship and economic/social development. The research looked at economic and social independent variables that affect women empowerment in entrepreneurship. Literature covered but not limited to, power in households, decision making, ownership of property, access to capital, networking and freedom of movement. This study adopted a mixed research methodology that combined the positivism and the interpretivism paradigms. With regard to this study, the target population was the female entrepreneurs in Harare, Zimbabwe. </em><em>Non-probability was chosen as the sampling technique for this study because it is quicker, easier and cheaper. Convenience and judgmental sampling techniques shall were employed. The questionnaire was used to collect primary data for this study.</em><em>The study revealed that married female entrepreneurs continue to be absent from the household decision-making that shapes the allocation of the economic and financial resources, which further perpetuates gender inequality.  The study also confirmed that education and training as well as previous work experience are important success characteristics for empowerment, required by emerging female entrepreneurs as they start and grow their business. The study also confirmed that the lack of access to capital exacerbated by lack of collateral and high interest rates is one of the major deterrents for empowering women through entrepreneurship. Recommendations include coalition among female entrepreneurs, mentoring schemes and changing entrenched patriarchal cultural norms.</em></p></div>

Dynamics of credit decision-making: a taxonomy and a typological matrix

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-374
Author(s):  
Candauda Arachchige Saliya
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Role Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to broaden understanding as to how certain social/personal dynamics influence credit decisions in Sri Lanka, elucidating them through a taxonomy and a conceptual typological matrix. Design/methodology/approach This research is an exploratory case study. The primary data collection methods are interviews and reconstruction of experiences. The data are complemented by documentary analysis and post-research events. Findings The research findings propose that credit officers and customers are influenced by six dynamics under three dimensions: the evaluation procedures (systematic/formal or heuristics); the relationship between customers and bank officers (personal or role relationship); and justification of credit (rational or irrational/situational). Based on the above results, a taxonomy of influential tactics and personality traits and a typological matrix are developed to classify credit decision-makers, who are labelled as BOSS, ROBOT, REBEL and BUDDY. Research limitations/implications These case studies are from a private bank in Sri Lanka, hence it could affect the generalization of findings. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to investigate the plausibility of the findings in diverse cultural backgrounds. Practical implications Credit decision-makers and credit applicants could make use of these typological matrix and the taxonomy to understand each other and employ more influential approaches and appropriate influential techniques to make effective credit decisions. It also provides more insight into understanding the nature of credit-decisions and decision-makers and, provokes further research. Originality/value To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first study in Sri Lanka that considers certain influencing factors of credit decision-making and proposes a conceptual typology to understand those factors.

scholarly journals EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE: EXPERIENCE OF BMT BERINGHARJO

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
IZZANI ULFI
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Islamic Microfinance

This study aims to analyze the benefits of empowering women program through Islamic microfinance program by focusing on the case of Baitulmal wat Tamwil (BMT) in Beringharjo, Indonesia. It is expected to fill the gap in the literature since most of the current studies have been focusing on conventional microfinance rather than Islamic microfinance. This study used primary data collected by interviewing participants of the Islamic microfinance program offered by the BMT. The Qualitative Content Analysis method has been used to extend the conceptual theoretical framework and give wider results description that could not be captured by the quantitative approach. The result shows that there were improvements in various socio-economic aspects of the participants such as higher income and expenditure, and more involvements in community activities, decision making and children’s education. While the focus of this study is only limited to the case of BMT Beringharjo in Jogjakarta, Indonesia, the findings from this study can be generalized and would contribute towards further improvements of future women empowerment programs throughout the globe.

scholarly journals Costume Enterprise as a Panacea for Poverty Reduction among Young People in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Susan Olubukola Badeji
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Average Monthly Income ◽  
The Government

This study examined costume enterprise as a panacea for poverty reduction among young people in Nigeria by x-raying the potentials embedded in it, in order to ascertain its viability for poverty reduction. The objective of the study therefore was to fill this knowledge gap by carrying out empirical study on the business potentials resident in costume entrepreneurship. The methodology followed survey research design and involved generating data from individuals who are involved in costume enterprise businesses from the six geo-political zones in Nigeria. Primary data sources came from phone call interview and questionnaire survey. In both cases, the respondents for the study were asked questions regarding their average monthly income from their costume business. The result findings revealed that the average monthly income of retail costume entrepreneurs was N30,625; exceeding the monthly earnings of some employed people in Nigeria and even beyond the minimum wage agitated by the Nigeria Labour Union in 2018. The study also discovered that the costume entrepreneurs in the Northern region do not earn as much as those in the Southern region. Bearing all these facts in mind, the study, therefore, concludes that costume enterprise is a viable venture capable of reducing poverty. It is also concluded from the study that Northern Nigeria (the North Central, North East and North West), are still lagging behind in harnessing costuming arts potentials in the region, for revenue earnings.  It is therefore recommended that the government should create enabling environment for both local and foreign earnings through costume entrepreneurship. It is also suggested that theatre departments and closely related fields in Nigerian tertiary institutions should incorporate costume arts into their curriculum as a gainful enterprise for job creators and job seekers.

scholarly journals Socio-economic and Socio-demographic Determinants of Women Empowerment: Empirical Evidence From the Districts of Ghizer and Gilgit, Northern Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Author(s):  
Saranjam Baig ◽  
Salma Nusrat ◽  
Salma Bano
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Women Participation

Women empowerment has remained the most deliberate subject and many social scientists have explored this subject in their respective fields. Women empowerment has assorted dimensions, however this study focuses only on two dimensions’ women decision making and women participation. Primarily, this study constructs two indices of women empowerment which are women decision making index and women participation index based on different components computed using principal component analysis. This research uses primary data, where the data is collected from households of the respective regions using two-stage cluster sampling technique. Secondly, this paper scrutinizes the socio-demographic and economic causes of women empowerment in Gilgit and Ghizer districts of Gilgit-Baltistan using structural equation model. The scores of women empowerment indexes indicate that in terms of decision making, women of Ghizer district are more empowered as compared to Gilgit district whereas in terms of women participation women of Gilgit are more empowered. Amongst the socio-economic and demographic variables, education level shows significant and positive association with both indexes of empowerment. Correspondingly, standard of living of the household demonstrates a significant relationship with women decision making showing that the better the standard of living the more empowered will be the women. Moreover, household size shows a positive and significant relationship with women participation, having more people at home can augment the empowerment of women in terms of participation whereas asset index shows a negative association with women participation.

scholarly journals Women Empowerment in Microfinance: Poverty Alleviation Tool

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-172
Author(s):  
Anurudha Gishan Illangakoon ◽  
S. M. Ferdous Azam ◽  
Ali Khatibi ◽  
Sepali Sudasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
And Gender

This article attempts to discuss, how does women empowerment in Sri Lanka could be used as an effective tool to alleviate poverty. Predominantly microfinance was identified as an effective concept to reduce poverty and improve social well-being. The women empowerment is also play a vital part in the process. Microfinance industry has adapted various business strategies and innovative ideas to address and influence poverty reduction. It is acceptable fact that women play a pivotal part in economic development in Sri Lanka. As per the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) stipulated in 2000, women empowerment and gender equality have been identified as one of the main objectives of MDGs to achieve in every country. It is known fact that there has been a strong relationship between microfinance and women. It’s not only women it has a broader relationship mainly in perspective of empowerment. The aim of this paper is to discuss importance of building women empowerment through microfinance by way of substantial in building confidence, courage, skill development and empowerment, and ultimately become an effective poverty alleviating tool. It is very important to focus on Financial, Social dimensions, Government and Regulator support and Environment performances to put microfinance on to track to become a new standard for the microfinance sector by getting effective participation from women sector. Therefore in order to get the real result from these emerging concepts, need women participation for up-tick the microfinance and alleviate poverty.

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