scholarly journals The application of different methods for the determination of fat content in selected animal - origin products

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1851-1852
Author(s):  
M. Surma-Zadora ◽  
K. Topolska ◽  
E. Cieślik ◽  
K. Sieja
Keyword(s):  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Validation Parameters

The aim of the study was to assess the fat content in selected animal-origin products (ie. black pudding, luncheon, wiener, bacon) as well as certified reference material (MUVA RM700 Boiled Sausage) using two analytical methods. One of them was the fat extraction using a Soxhlet technique, and the other one - the extraction using carbon dioxide in supercritical state. Methods based on Soxhlet extraction have been and are at present used as reference. This conventional method is cheap and accurate, and this is why it has been the most used extraction technique worldwide for a number of decades. On the other hand some modern methods of fat determination are needed. Supercritical Fluid Extraction is quick, safe, and it eliminates any hazardous chemicals or solvents used in traditional extraction methods. For this purpose we used TFE 2000 fat analyzer (LECO Corporation). For the methods used the following validation parameters were determined: accuracy, precision, intermediate precision, correctness. The fat content in black pudding and luncheon meat ranged from 11.5 ? 4.5 g/100g (TFE) to 12.1 ? 0.0 g/100g (Soxhlet) and from 13.2 ? 0.5 g/100g (Soxhlet) to 13.8 ? 0.7 g/100g (TFE), respectively. For wiener samples we received values between 15.7 ? 0.4 g/100g (TFE) to 17.8 ? 0.1 g/100g (Soxhlet). The fat content in bacon samples ranged from 48.2 ? 2.5 g/100g (TFE) to 48.7 ? 0.7 g/100g (Soxhlet). The results received remain consistent with the values given in the Polish ?Food Composition Tables?. The application of the methods described above for the determination of fat content in animal - derived products is dependent ie.: on the purpose of analysis, the amount of fat in food product sample and the time for receiving the results.

scholarly journals Application of Hplc-Pda Method Using Two Different Extraction Procedures for the Determination of Alkylresorcinols in Cereals

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-189
Author(s):  
Natālija Gailāne ◽  
Ida Jākobsone ◽  
Vadims Bartkevičs ◽  
Ylle Tamm
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Photodiode Array Detection ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Phenolic Lipids ◽  
Validation Parameters

Abstract Cereals, especially barley, are an important source of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and various phytochemicals, such as alkylresorcinols (ARs). Cereal ARs are a group of phenolic lipids located in the outer parts of grain, particularly in rye and wheat, but not found in refined flour or in refined products from cereals. This study focuses on the comparison of different extraction procedures applied for the determination of the content of ARs (C15:0 - C23:0) in grain of Latvian barley genotypes. The content of ARs in 1 rye and 16 barley samples grown with different amounts of fertilier was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography method with Photodiode Array detection (HPLC-PDA) developed by us. Two different extraction methods were compared: accelerated Soxhlet extraction and 24-hour extraction. Aside from validation of the extraction procedures, validation parameters for the HPLC-PDA based quantitation method were provided. The coefficients of variation for repeatability and intermediate precision were < 9% and < 3%, respectively. The content of ARs determined with the HPLC-PDA method in conjunction with accelerated Soxhlet extraction was up to 1.5 times higher than using 24-hour extraction. AR content varied from 2.11 ± 0.04 to 3.80 ± 0.10 mg·100 g-1 for 24-hour extraction and from 2.66 ± 0.06 to 5.70 ± 0.20 mg·100 g-1 for accelerated Soxhlet extraction, indicating the increased efficiency of this procedure in analysis of ARs.

scholarly journals Analysis of Bread Lipids for 3-MCPD Esters

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. S417-S420 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Doležal ◽  
J. Kertisová ◽  
Z. Zelinková ◽  
J. Velíšek
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spectrometry Method ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Method ◽  
Rye Flour ◽  
Mcpd Esters

Objective of this work was determination of processing contaminant known as 3-MCPD (3-chloropropane-1,2-diol) in its free and bound form in breads with defined parameters of processing. Selected and analysed were 24 samples, which represented two sets of breads produced in bakeries equipped with a continual line. In all cases determinations were carried out for breadcrumb and crust separately. The first set of samples were wheat-rye breads produced chronologically in ten days in the bakery Michelská pekárna, slightly different in temperatures and times of baking. The second set contained 14 samples of wheat-rye breads with a content of rye flour less than 40% differing in the yeast type and acidity. These breads were produced in the bakery Kontinua. The fat content was determined in all samples by Soxhlet extraction. Free and bound 3-MCPD was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method. Concentration of free 3-MCPD in samples was at interval < 9–54.5 &mu;g/kg. Concentration of bound 3-MCPD was at interval 1.56–23.60 mg/kg of fat (i.e. 5.7–84.9 &mu;g/kg of sample).

The Effects of Solvents and Extraction Methods on the Antioxidant Activity of P. niruri

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafizah Mohd Hadzri ◽  
Mohd Azizi Che Yunus ◽  
Salman Zhari ◽  
Fahim Rithwan
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Total Phenolic

The effects of different types of solvents and extraction method were investigated to determine the presence of antioxidant contents and activity from the P. niruri plant. The aim of this study is to determine which extraction method will give higher natural antioxidant contents and antioxidant activity. The content of natural antioxidant and antioxidant activity were analysed by total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay. The results showed that extracts from a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method without the addition of modifier showed the highest content of total phenolic (187.66 mg GAE/ g) and flavonoid (1100.93 mg QE/g) in P. niruri compared to the other methods of extraction with different type of solvents. The extract of P. niruri from different extraction methods showed antioxidant activity on DPPH radical scavenging assay. The soxhlet extraction method by methanol showed the lowest IC50 compared to the other methods of extraction. The results revealed that P. niruri extracts had different content of antioxidant and antioxidant activity. The solvent polarity and different methods of extraction play significant roles in determining the most suitable method for production of antioxidant contents and antioxidant activity from P. niruri extracts.

scholarly journals Comparison of Babcock and Ether Extraction Methods for Determination of Fat Content of Cream: Collaborative Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna M Lynch ◽  
David M Barbano ◽  
J Richard Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Ether Extraction ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Aoac Official Method

Abstract A modified Mojonnier ether extraction method for determination of the fat content of cream was developed based on the method for milk (AOAC Official Method 989.05). The cream Babcock method (AOAC Official Method 920.111 B-C) was modified to harmonize with the milk Babcock method (AOAC Official Method 989.04) and to clarify procedural details. Using the AOAC collaborative study format, 10 laboratories tested 9 pairs of blind duplicate heat-treated cream samples with a fat range of 30-45% using both methods. The statistical performance (invalid and outlier data removed) was as follows: mean % fat = 37.932, sr = 0.125, sR = 0.151, RSDr = 0.330, RSDR = 0.398, r = 0.354, and R = 0.427 for the ether extraction method. For the Babcock method, mean % fat = 38.209, sr = 0.209, SR = 0.272, RSDr = 0.548, RSDR = 0.712, r = 0.592, and R = 0.769. Average test results for fat from the Babcock method were 0.277% (absolute fat) greater than for the Mojonnier ether extraction method. The difference between methods, as a percentage of the average fat content of the samples, was 0.73%. This agrees with differences observed between the 2 methods for milk when 10 to 17 laboratories tested 7 milk samples in blind duplicate at bimonthly intervals over a 4-year period (average difference 0.029% fat, 0.78% as a percentage of average fat content). The Mojonnier ether extraction and Babcock methods for fat in cream have been adopted by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. The new Babcock method replaced the AOAC Official Method 920.111 B-C.

scholarly journals Application of Direct Solvent Extraction to the LC Quantification of Vitamin E in Peanuts, Peanut Butter, and Selected Nuts

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lee ◽  
W. O. Landen ◽  
R. D. Phillips ◽  
R. R. Eitenmiller
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Normal Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Solvent Extraction ◽  
Peak Purity

Abstract Direct solvent extraction with hexane:ethyl acetate (90:10, v/v), saponification, and Soxhlet extraction with hexane were evaluated for their usefulness as extraction methods to determine vitamin E in peanuts and peanut butters. The direct solvent extraction procedure yielded higher values for each tocopherol homolog in peanut and peanut butter compared to the other methods. Coupling of the rapid, direct solvent extraction with normal phase chromatography on Si 60 provides a highly reproducible procedure to quantitate vitamin E in peanuts and peanut products. The overall % recoveries (means ± S.D.) of this study for α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol were 99.9 ± 3.29, 100.4 ± 11.7, 98.9 ± 5.94, and 100.3 ± 4.87, respectively. Limits of detection and limits of quantitation were 0.21, 0.06, 0.11, and 0.08 ng and 0.39, 0.14, 0.23, and 0.13 ng, respectively, for α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol. Repeatability, reproducibility, and accuracy of the methods were excellent with % CVs for accuracy of 1.19 (α-T), 1.55 (γ-T), and 2.69 (δ-T). Accuracy was not acceptable for β-T due to its extremely low concentration in the peanut and because peak purity was not obtained for β-T. The method was applied to other seeds with good success. Major homologs were γ-T in peanuts, pecans, cashews, walnuts, and pistachio; α-T in almonds; and α-T3 in macadamia.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Rp-Hplc Method For Determination Of Betamethasone Dipropionate And Tolnaftate In Combined Semisolid Formulation

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Radhika. V ◽  
◽  
T. Ramesh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Betamethasone Dipropionate ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
System Suitability ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Solution Robustness ◽  
Precision System

A new RP-HPLC method was developed for selective and simultaneous determination of betamethasone dipropionate and tolnaftate in combined semisolid formulation containing other components. Further, the proposed method was validated for linearity, precision (system precision, method precision, intermediate or inter-day precision), accuracy, stability in analytical solution, robustness or system suitability and ruggedness. The developed method exhibited the best results in terms of the aforesaid validation parameters. The other components and additives did not interfere in their determinations. The method was found to be selective, simple, economical, accurate, reproducible, rapid and reliable for routine estimation purpose of these drugs in combined semisolid formulations.

scholarly journals The Effect of Enantiomer Elution Order on the Determination of Minor Enantiomeric Impurity in Ketoprofen and Enantiomeric Purity Evaluation of Commercially Available Dexketoprofen Formulations

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5865
Author(s):  
Kenan Can Tok ◽  
Mehmet Gumustas ◽  
Giorgi Jibuti ◽  
Halit Sinan Suzen ◽  
Sibel A. Ozkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Method Validation ◽  
Chiral Selector ◽  
Enantiomeric Purity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elution Order ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Purity Evaluation

In a recent study, opposite enantiomer elution order was observed for ketoprofen enantiomers on two amylose-phenylcarbamate-based chiral columns with the same chemical composition of the chiral selector but in one case with coated while in the other with an immobilized chiral selector. In the present study, the influence of this uncommon effect on method validation parameters for the determination of minor enantiomeric impurity in dexketoprofen was studied. The validated methods with two alternative elution orders for enantiomers were applied for the evaluation of enantiomeric impurity in six marketed dexketoprofen formulations from various vendors. In most of these formulations except one the content of enantiomeric impurity exceeded 0.1% (w/w).

scholarly journals Analytical methods for the determination of common booster biocides in marine samples

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera ◽  
José Santana-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Marine Samples ◽  
Gas And Liquid Chromatography ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Preparation Step

AbstractBooster biocides are organic compounds that are added to antifouling copper-based paints to improve their efficacy. Due to their widespread use, they are common pollutants of marine ecosystems. Some of these compounds show acute and chronic toxic effects in non-targeted organisms at concentrations as low as ng L−1. The determination of these compounds is therefore important, and for some, which are prioritized in the EU water framework directive, a necessity. Because of their low concentrations and the matrix effect, these contaminants often require a suitable sample preparation step (extraction/pre-concentration) prior to chromatographic determination. The aim of the present article is to review extraction and chromatographic methodologies related to the determination of common booster biocides in marine samples published in the scientific literature. These methodologies include liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME), single drop microextraction (SDME), Soxhlet extraction, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) as extraction methods, and both gas and liquid chromatography as determination techniques.

scholarly journals A simple method for the quantification of diclofenac potassium in oral suspension by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-detection

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Machado Rubim ◽  
Jaqueline Bandeira Rubenick ◽  
Luciane Varine Laporta ◽  
Clarice Madalena Bueno Rolim
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oral Suspension ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Ultraviolet Detection ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Validation Parameters

A rapid, simple and low cost method was developed to determine diclofenac potassium (DP) in oral suspension, using a reverse-phase column (C8, 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm), mobile phase containing methanol/buffer phosphate (70:30 v/v, pH 2.5), at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, isocratic method, and ultraviolet detection at 275 nm. A linear response (r = 1.0000) was observed in the range of 10.0-50.0 µg/mL. Validation parameters such as linearity, specificity, precision, accuracy and robustness were evaluated. The method presented precision (repeatability: relative standard deviation = 1.21% and intermediate precision: between-analyst = 0.85%). The specificity of the assay was evaluated by exposure of diclofenac potassium under conditions of stress such as hydrolysis, photolysis, oxidation and high temperature. The method presented accuracy values between 98.28% and 101.95%. The results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method that allows determination of diclofenac potassium in oral suspension and may be used as an alternative method for routine analysis of this product in quality control.

DETERMINATION OF TOTAL ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS IN SOILS BY EXTRACTION METHODS

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Dormaar ◽  
G. R. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Cent Level ◽  
Analytical Time ◽  
Selection Of

Comparisons were made between the quantities of organic phosphorus extracted from some Alberta soils by the Kaila-Virtanen method (10), an expanded Kaila-Virtanen procedure, and the Mehta et al. method (15). The modifications for the Kaila-Virtanen method were introduced as a result of the present study.One of the main difficulties encountered in the expanded procedure was the selection of organic solvents that would not interfere with the molybdophosphoric blue color reaction. The non-interfering acetone and acetone containing 0.2 M acetyl acetone gave increased extraction of organic phosphorus from the surface and B horizon samples, respectively. Hydrofluoric acid was recommended for B horizon samples.The expanded Kaila-Virtanen procedure extracted significantly more organic phosphorus (at 5 per cent level) than either of the other methods. The expanded Kaila-Virtanen method does not require more analytical time than the original. Furthermore, as a result of a larger number of extractions involved, this expanded procedure should have an advantage over the other two for studying the various forms of organic phosphorus extracted.

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