scholarly journals Patriarch Ephrem: A late medieval saintly cult

2006 ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Spiritual Authority ◽  
The World ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One ◽  
Source Of Information

Patriarch Ephrem, monk and hermit, writer and saint, Bulgarian-born but twice the leader of the Serbian Church (1375-78 and 1389-92), is an outstanding figure of the late medieval Balkans. His "life and works" are discussed here in the light of hagiological texts and the information provided by various types of sources with the view to drawing some historically relevant conclusions. The main source of information about Ephrem's life and activity are the eulogies, Life and service composed by bishop Mark, his disciple and loyal follower for twenty-three years. Making use of hagiographical topica combined with plentiful data of undoubted documentary value, he relates the story of Ephrem's life through all of its major stages: from his birth and youth to his withdrawal from the world and taking of a monk's habit. Of formative influence were his years on the Holy Mount Athos, where he experienced different styles of monastic life, coenobitic, as well as solitary, which he practiced in the well-known hermitages in the heights of Athos. The further course of Ephrem's life was decided by the turbulent developments in the Balkans brought about by the Ottoman conquests. In that sense, his biography, full of forced and voluntary resettlements, is a true expression of the spirit of the times. Forced to flee Mount Athos, Ephrem made a short stay in Bulgaria and then, about 1347, came to Serbia, where he spent the rest of his life. An eminent representative of the monastic elite and under the aegis of the Serbian patriarch, he spent ten years in a hesychastria of the Monastery of Decani. For reasons of security, he then moved to a cave hermitage founded specially for him in the vicinity of the Patriarchate of Pec. It was in that cell, where he lived for twenty years powerfully influencing the monastic environment, that his literary work profoundly marked by hesychast thought and eschatology, was created. Ephrem twice accepted the office of patriarch in the extremely complex, even dramatic, political and social circumstances created by the conflict between the patriarchates of Serbia and Constantinople, on the one hand, and rivalries between local lords, on the other. There is a difference of interpretation as to his role as the holder of patriarchal office. The latest findings appear to suggest that Ephrem, as an exponent of Mount Athos, loyal to the Patriarchate of Constantinople and close to Vuk Brankovic, was unacceptable to the Lazarevic dynasty who emerged victorious in the power straggles in Serbia. Their victory was crowned with the creation of the cult of the holy prince Lazar, a Kosovo martyr. Although a supporter of the defeated side, patriarch Ephrem, as an unquestionable spiritual authority and very deserving personage, was included among the saints shortly after his death. His cult, however, had never been made complete. He was given a Life and service, but the attempted elevation of his body, i.e. creation of the cult of his relics, was thwarted. The reasons, political in nature, were given in the form of a coded hagiographical message in his Life composed by bishop Mark, an active protagonist in all the events. .

DISCUSSION ON “AYKOL MANAS” IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HISTORICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHAMANISM AND STORYTELLING AMONG THE KYRGYZ PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-34
Author(s):  
Nestor A. Manichkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Social Field ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The One

The article dwells upon connection between the two most important Kyrgyz traditions: shamanism ( bakshylyk ) and storytelling ( zhomokchuluk ). It considers the general cultural and social field that forms some features that are characteristic of both shamans and storytellers, as well as the traces of pre-Islamic culture that can be found in the world of the Kyrgyz epic. Special attention is paid to the post-folklor version of the epic “Manas” – the dastan “Aykol Manas” and the public discussion around that literary work. The discussion reflects, on the one hand, specific aspects of the understanding of the Kyrgyz epic tradition, and on the other hand, a number of characteristic features that accompany modern transformations of Kyrgyz shamanism.

scholarly journals THE SOUL AND SRITIT OF A MAN IN THE POLISH NAIVE PICTURE OF THE WORLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-962
Author(s):  
N.V. Deeva
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Folk Beliefs ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Living Creature

The study of naive perceptions of certain fragments of reality helps to identify the specifics of the national consciousness of the people who speak a particular language. The article deals with a systematic description of naive ideas about the soul and spirit (as similar concepts) fixed in the Polish picture of the world. Contemporary ideas about the soul and spirit in the Polish picture of the world are formed under the influence of pagan folk beliefs (the soul as a transparent, thin matter filling the human body), scientific views on the world (the soul as a combination of psychological, intellectual, emotional features of a person), as well as religious views (the soul as an intangible, immortal foundation in a man, reviving his body and leaving him at the time of a death). Soul and spirit are conceptualized as essences inextricably linked with the human body. Conceptual metaphor allows to concretize, to give conditional visibility to such abstractions as “soul” and “spirit”. In the Polish naive picture of the world the soul / spirit is endowed with signs of a living creature (including a person), plants, artifacts such as paper, fabric, book. The metaphor of space allows to imagine the soul as a kind of receptacle, which has a bottom and is characterized by signs of depth and breadth, fullness or emptiness. The metaphors of the characterizing type focus on significant for representatives of Polish culture signs of the soul, such as purity, kindness, strength, etc. The concepts “soul” and “spirit” being significant for Polish lingvoculture have multiple representations in the language through words, as well as free and stable combinations that are metaphorical in nature. The soul in the Polish naive picture of the world, on the one hand, is a source of life in a person, on the other hand, is the source of information about him, as well as his internal regulator and some value.

scholarly journals REPRESENTASI PESANTREN DAN KESALAHAN BERBAHASA DALAM NOVEL “CIUMAN TERAKHIR AYAH” KARYA: MAUFIQURRAHMAN SURAHMAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Kadarisman Kadarisman
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Linguistic Rules ◽  
The World ◽  
The Times ◽  
Building Elements ◽  
The Way

The novel is one type of prose literary work in which there are building elements such as plot, character, setting, and of course language. As part of literature, novels also have their own genre. Indonesian literature continues to evolve in accordance with the demands and development of the times, and in accordance with the situation and conditions in the community of writers and readers. In the novel Ciuman Terakhir, the work of Maufiqurrahman Surahman will be found in a portrait of the world of pesantren which is very thick. This indicates that the sociology of the author is very influential in constructing a literary work. This can be seen in the way the author chooses diction, plot, builds character, and creates a certain atmosphere in the novel. On the other hand, there are still some language errors in the novel The Last Kiss of the Father. Therefore understanding of linguistic rules is very important, because literary works use language as a medium of liaison between authors and readers.

scholarly journals Understanding the soul of the world is the Key of Self-Realization and Enlightenment Journey: The Hermeneutic Study of the Quest Hippie

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Asma Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Object ◽  
Anthony Giddens ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Discovery ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The One ◽  
Hans Georg Gadamer

This is a hermeneutic study of the spiritual Odyssey, Hippie, a bildungsroman novel that focuses on quest and mysteries to analyze the Truth or Reality, which leads to enlightenment. The concept of Bildungsroman is studied in the context of the Theory of Hermeneutics enunciated by Hans-Georg Gadamer and Anthony Giddens (Double Hermeneutics). This study shows how Paulo uses the essentials of romances, the Grail as a common object, Buddha's journey, long-cherished dreams, examples of epics, listening to one's heart, the signs, ventures, exploration, self-discovery to search a Hidden Treasure, and wisdom on legendary roads and places. For Gadamer, everyone has its particular viewpoint or perspective known as its horizon that helps to understand the world and the literary work. This study shows, along with the other elements, how one's journey for selfidentification always initiates with a successful new understanding of unity that everything in this world is interlinked and connected like a chain. This new realization of the unity which connects ones with The One is known as the soul of the world.

TheArgonautica of Valerius Flaccus.

1929 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Syme
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Clear Indication ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Valerius Flaccus ◽  
Silius Italicus ◽  
The One ◽  
Source Of Information

The Flavian writers of epic verse took their business seriously enough and seldom permitted themselves anything that might pass for an allusion to contemporary events: so much so that only an ingenuity that runs a risk of being perverse can wrest from them much more than what they have themselves chosen to say in their dedications or invocations. Where the man survived to complete and edit his work, such a dedication, the last thing to be written, more or less bears on its face the date of publication. The proem of the Thebaïs of Statius and the ‘Flavian Panegyric,’ which Silius Italicus inserted in the third book of his Punica thus reveal, to within a year, when the whole of the one and a portion of the other were given to the world, viz. in 91–2 and in 92–3 respectively. With an unfinished work the case is different; indeed, the very presence of that panegyric might sufficeto prove that though Silius had reached the end, in a fashion, when he finished his seventeenth book, he did not truly complete his poem or himself publish it as a whole. In order to determine at what date he got as far with his poem as he ever did, some other source of information is therefore desirable. Similarly with the Argonautica. Valerius Flaccus does not appear to have composed any more than the eight books that have come down to us, nor is he known to have published any part of them save, if at all, by recitation. It is for this reason that the proem, with its invocation of Vespasian, to all appearance as still living, has always been taken to be, not a later insertion, but an integral part of the first book, and thus a clear indication of the date at which Valerius began his task.

scholarly journals Self-Censorship (of the Pre-Emptive Kind): English-written Discourses as a Lens into Romanian Self-Identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 105-126
Author(s):  
Onoriu Colăcel
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Home Country ◽  
The Other ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Times ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Great War

"In the aftermath of the Great War, the view of the English-speaking world on the Balkans posed a challenge to Romanian self-identification patterns. English-language memoirs by US servicemen and that of Marie, Queen of Romania, capture the spirit of the times. They spell out, on the one hand, the conviction that the Romanian kingdom was part and parcel of a new, thoroughly Balkanized Europe, and demonstrate, on the other hand, how the path forward for a new-found home country can be shaped. Their stories feature the Romanians as yet another imagined community in the making, a nation whose identity is otherized as a marginal offshoot of emerging national traditions in the Balkans. In the process, they reveal productive censorship and selfcensorship on a discursive scale commonly seen in colonial matrices of power."

Civitas/Community

2021 ◽  
pp. 352-367
Author(s):  
Elisa Brilli
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Literary Imagination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Typological Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

Dante is a ‘civic author’ and a ‘poet of the city’, but what do these labels mean? This chapter envisions the civitas (community) as an emotional and intellectual pivot of Dante’s theological-political thought and literary imagination. The comprehensive analysis of the uses of civitas(and synonyms) in Dante’s lexicon deploys its rich semantic field in the framework of typical late medieval tensions and cleavages. The chapter also focusses on some fundamental problems inherent to this notion—its articulation with, on the one hand, the pluralitas and, on the other hand, the universal monarchy—and dismisses the hypothesis that Dante developed an anti-civitasstance during his life. Finally, the chapter points out the legacy of Dante’s typological approach, namely concerning the new importance attributed to history, gendered personifications, and authorship in a vernacular literary work.

scholarly journals Toward the Expression of Shoah. Language Issue in Erwin Schenkelbach’s Stories.

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
V. Durkalevych
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Reading Technique ◽  
The World ◽  
Character Reading ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One ◽  
Simultaneous Reading ◽  
Identification Processes

Language represents different levels and is characterized by different semiotic registers in the context of the investigated collection of narratives. In particular, it relates to the language connections with acts of reading, speaking and writing. One of the clearly defined levels of language manifestation can be considered the functional field of the main character. Reading for him is the key to the world of culture and one of the ways of being in the world. Child narrator also creates his own reading technique – parallel simultaneous reading. Reading is meaningful sign of the narrator’s family life too. Narrator’s memories bring out images of reading parent, their favourite books and authors. Catastrophe carries a quantity of different dimensions of language, among which language as a strategy of survival. Stylistic speech registers actuate gender and sociolect issue. Unconventional dimension of language saves life of the hero in extreme survival situations. In the times of war language, on the one hand, divides world into ours and strangers, cuts the time for then and now, on the other hand, language is subjected to the pressure of alienation and ambivalence. Language also plays significant role in the process of hero’s self- identification. Traumatic experience of Shoah motivates the narrator to formulate fundamental questions in the context of self-identification processes. An important level of language functioning in short stories is the level of author's poetic system with its dialogical and intertextual peculiarities. This level is influenced by B. Schulz’s prose, E. Jabès’ poems and K. Jaspers’ concept of talking through the Second World War traumatic experience. Phenomenon under analysis requires further examination, including the involvement of a wider range of comparative materials connected with survivors' experience of Shoah from the child narrator modeling perspective. Specificity of the creation of the Other in E. Schenkelbach’s short stories deserves for a separate subject conversation. This will be the subject of our further research studies.

scholarly journals Visual aspects of unlocking the meaning in a literary work (based on Alexander Grin’s novella “Legless”

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Yurii Vladimirovich Podkovyrin
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
The World ◽  
True Position ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The object of this research is the semantic structure of a literary work. The subject of this research is the nature of interrelation between visual and semantic aspects of the work. The “visual” implies not a characteristic of the text of the novella, but rather one of the “properties of artistic imagery” (S. P. Lavlinsky, N. M. Gurovich). On the one hand, the article interprets the semantics of visual images in A. S. Grin’s novella "Legless"; while on the other hand, reveals and describes the visual aspects of the very meaning of the novella. The author examines the dependence of understanding of the meaning of text on a certain “setting” of readers’ view. The scientific novelty consists in identification of the semantic aspects of visual images along with the visual aspects of unlocking the meaning based on Alexander Grin’s novella “Legless”. The impossibility of actualizing the meaning in the literary work without its visualization is explained the peculiar – incarnated – nature of the artistic meaning. The fact that in the literary work the meaning is translated into the actual existence of the heroes (is being  incarnated) determines the integrity of the process of understanding from scrutinization into objective forms of this existence. Missing one or another feature of the artistic world by the reader would mean shifting away from adequate understanding. If for the hero of the novella “Legless”, the understanding of Self and his true position in the world is generally associated with the rejection of vision, then for the reader of “Legless” (or other literary text) vision (that corresponds to what is depicted in the text) is the key to understanding.

Indonesian Literature’s Position in World Literature

TEKNOSASTIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dina Amelia
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Western World ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Voice

There are two most inevitable issues on national literature, in this case Indonesian literature. First is the translation and the second is the standard of world literature. Can one speak for the other as a representative? Why is this representation matter? Does translation embody the voice of the represented? Without translation Indonesian literature cannot gain its recognition in world literature, yet, translation conveys the voice of other. In the case of production, publication, or distribution of Indonesian Literature to the world, translation works can be very beneficial. The position of Indonesian literature is as a part of world literature. The concept that the Western world should be the one who represent the subaltern can be overcome as long as the subaltern performs as the active speaker. If the subaltern remains silent then it means it allows the “representation” by the Western.

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