The Formation of Old High German diorna, Old Saxon thiorna, Gothic widuwairna, and Old English niwerne

1942 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Fritz Mezger
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Old High German ◽  
Old Saxon

Urgermanisch *þe-na-z ‘Gefolgsmann’

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-299
Author(s):  
Stefan Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Old Norse ◽  
Old High German ◽  
Technical Term ◽  
Old Saxon

Proto-Germanic *þe-na-z (Old English, Old Saxon, Old High German, Old Norse) is traditionally understood as ‘child, follower, servant’, connected with Greek teknon ‘child’, both from *tek- ‘to beget’.This is unfounded; the meaning ‘child’ is unattested, the traditional etymology highly improbable. Proto-Germanic *þe-na-z is from *tek- ‘to stretch out one's hand, touch, receive’, designating basically ‘follower, retainer’, thus a technical term of Germanic Gefolgschaftswesen. Pertinent textual passages, the theory of Germanic heathen baptism, and the rites whereby a warrior is accepted into a lord's retinue are crucial for the analysis.

Old Frisian

Diachronica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-115
Author(s):  
Laura Catharine Smith
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
Old English ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Middle High German ◽  
Old High German ◽  
Old Saxon ◽  
Low German ◽  
Middle Low German ◽  
Germanic Languages

For a century, Old Frisian has largely remained in the shadows of its Germanic sister languages. While dictionaries, concordances, and grammars have been readily and widely available for learning and researching other Germanic languages such as Middle High German, Middle Low German and Middle English, whose timelines roughly correspond to that of Old Frisian, or their earlier counterparts, e.g., Old High German, Old Saxon and Old English, few materials have been available to scholars of Old Frisian. Moreover, as Siebunga (Boutkan & Siebunga 2005: vii) notes, “not even all Old Frisian manuscripts are available as text editions”1 making the production of comprehensive core research materials more difficult. Consequently, what materials there have been, e.g., von Richthofen (1840), Heuser (1903), Holthausen (1925), and Sjölin (1969), have typically not taken into consideration the full range of extant Old Frisian texts, or have focused on specific major dialects, e.g. Boutkan (1996), Buma (1954, 1961). This has left a gap in the materials available providing an opportunity for Old Frisian scholars to make substantial contributions to the field by filling these gaps.

Using Historical Glottometry to Subgroup the Early Germanic Languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-357
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Agee
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Old Norse ◽  
Old High German ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Old Saxon ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Germanic Languages

Historical Glottometry, introduced by Kalyan & François (2018), is a wave-based quantitative approach to language subgrouping used to calculate the overall strength of a linguistic subgroup using metrics that capture the contributions of linguistic innovations of various scopes to language diversification, in consideration of the reality of their distributions. This approach primarily achieves this by acknowledging the contribution of postsplit areal diffusion to language diversification, which has traditionally been overlooked in cladistic (tree-based) models. In this paper, the development of the Germanic language family, from the breakup of Proto-Germanic to the latest period of the early attested daughter languages (namely, Old English, Old Frisian, Gothic, Old High German, Old Low Franconian, Old Norse, and Old Saxon) is accounted for using Historical Glottometry. It is shown that this approach succeeds in accounting for several smaller, nontraditional subgroups of Germanic by accommodating the linguistic evidence unproblematically where a cladistic approach would fail.

Indo-European and common Germanic roots of the preterito-presentia verbs

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
А. В. Боцман ◽  
І. М. Моренець
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Language Group ◽  
Old High German ◽  
Language Family ◽  
European Language ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Old Saxon ◽  
Historical Approach

The article addresses the Indo-European and common Germanic roots of the preterito-presentia verbs. The words of the ancient Indian, Greek, Latin, Old Slavonic, Lithuanian, Gothic, Old English, Old High German, Old Saxon, and Old English languages are analysed within the framework of the comparative-historical approach. The analysis is carried out on the phonological, morphological and semantic levels. The main attention is paid to the discovery of common latent archaic roots that were obscured in the process of historical development and the separation of the Germanic language group from the rest of the Indo-European language family.

Narrative Zeitkonzeptionen in volkssprachlichen Texten des Frühmittelalters:

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schwarzbach-Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Old English ◽  
Universal Time ◽  
Old High German ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Old Saxon ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

AbstractThe article describes different conceptions of time in vernacular texts from the Early Middle Ages (Old High German, Old Saxon and Old English texts). Contrary to older research, this study does not primarily focus on discrepancies between the Christian and Germanic content in these texts, but rather it draws heavily on new approaches of research with regard to myth: the contingent structure of time is conveyed in mythical ways of thinking and transferred into narratives. The ›Merseburg Incantations‹, the ›Wessobrunn Prayer‹ and ›Muspilli‹, but also the Old English ›Wanderer‹ devise their own models of mythical time comprehension which alternate between opposing poles, namely beginning and end, life cycle and universal time, and mythical and eschatological time.

The Manuscript, Orthography, and Dialect of the Hildebrandslied

PMLA ◽  
1897 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Wilkens
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Epic Poetry ◽  
Old High German ◽  
Old Saxon ◽  
Unique Position

The Old Saxon (or Old High German) Hildebrandslied occupies a unique position among the remains of Germanic antiquity. It is the only specimen of the ancient German national epic preserved in the O.H.G. or the O.S. language. Interesting as this noble poem is, when considered by itself, it gains still more in interest when viewed as an older type of the epic poetry developed into perfection, at a later period, in works like the Nibelungenlied. Its orthography and dialect also offer most interesting problems. These considerations will explain why a renewed detailed examination of the manuscript, orthography, and dialect of the poem were deemed justifiable.

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