SPRING EPHEMERALS

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-88
Keyword(s):  
Spring Ephemerals

Morphological and Morphophysiological Dormancy in Seeds of Several Spring Ephemerals Native to Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Sun Kim ◽  
◽  
Seung Youn Lee ◽  
Yong Ha Rhie ◽  
Yoon Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Spring Ephemerals ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy

Does seed production of spring ephemerals decrease when spring comes early?

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaku KUDO ◽  
Yoko NISHIKAWA ◽  
Tetsuya KASAGI ◽  
Shoji KOSUGE
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Spring Ephemerals

scholarly journals Late canopy closure delays senescence and promotes growth of the spring ephemeral wild leek (Allium tricoccum)

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Paul Dion ◽  
Julie Bussières ◽  
Line Lapointe
Keyword(s):  
Light Availability ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Spring Ephemerals ◽  
Spring Ephemeral ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Allium Tricoccum

Spring ephemerals take advantage of the high light conditions in spring to accumulate carbon reserves through photosynthesis before tree leaves unfold. Recent work has reported delayed leaf senescence under constant light availability in some spring ephemerals, such as wild leek (Allium tricoccum). This paper aims to establish whether tree canopy composition and phenology can influence the growth of spring ephemerals through changes in their phenology. Wild leek bulbs were planted in 31 plots in southern Quebec, Canada, under canopies varying in composition and densities. Light availability and tree phenology were measured, along with other environmental conditions, and their effect on the growth of wild leeks was assessed with a redundancy analysis. Higher light availability resulted in better growth of wild leeks. The plants postponed their senescence under trees with late bud-burst, and thus better bulb growth and seed production were achieved. The tree litter and temperature and moisture levels of the soil also influenced the growth and survival of wild leeks. Thus, tree leaf phenology appears to have a strong impact on the growth of spring ephemerals by modulating the length of their growing season and their photosynthetic capacity. This underlines the importance of considering the variation of light availability throughout the growing season in the study of spring ephemerals.

scholarly journals Elevated precipitation alters the community structure of spring ephemerals by changing dominant species density in Central Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2196-2212
Author(s):  
Yangyang Jia ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Zhaoyong Shi ◽  
Baidengsha Maimaitiaili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Species Density ◽  
Spring Ephemerals

scholarly journals When spring ephemerals fail to meet pollinators: mechanism of phenological mismatch and its impact on plant reproduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1904) ◽  
pp. 20190573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaku Kudo ◽  
Elisabeth J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Snow Removal ◽  
Pollination Success ◽  
Spring Ephemerals ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Spring Ephemeral ◽  
Phenological Mismatch

The flowering phenology of early-blooming plants is largely determined by snowmelt timing in high-latitude and high-altitude ecosystems. When the synchrony of flowering and pollinator emergence is disturbed by climate change, seed production may be restricted due to insufficient pollination success. We revealed the mechanism of phenological mismatch between a spring ephemeral ( Corydalis ambigua ) and its pollinator (overwintered bumblebees), and its impact on plant reproduction, based on 19 years of monitoring and a snow removal experiment in a cool-temperate forest in northern Japan. Early snowmelt increased the risk of phenological mismatch under natural conditions. Seed production was limited by pollination success over the 3 years of the pollination experiment and decreased when flowering occurred prior to bee emergence. Similar trends were detected on modification of flowering phenology through snow removal. Following snowmelt, the length of the pre-flowering period strongly depended on the ambient surface temperature, ranging from 4 days (at greater than 7°C) to 26 days (at 2.5°C). Flowering onset was explained with an accumulated surface degree-day model. Bumblebees emerged when soil temperature reached 6°C, which was predictable by an accumulated soil degree-day model, although foraging activity after emergence might depend on air temperature. These results indicate that phenological mismatch tends to occur when snow melts early but subsequent soil warming progresses slowly. Thus, modification of the snowmelt regime could be a major driver disturbing spring phenology in northern ecosystems.

Effects of temperature on the growth of spring ephemerals: Crocus vernus

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Badri ◽  
Peter E. H. Minchin ◽  
Line Lapointe
Keyword(s):  
Spring Ephemerals ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Cooler temperatures favour growth of wild leek (Allium tricoccum), a deciduous forest spring ephemeral

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1125-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Bernatchez ◽  
Line Lapointe
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Spring Ephemerals ◽  
Spring Ephemeral ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Allium Tricoccum

Allium tricoccum Aiton is a common spring ephemeral of hardwood deciduous forests of northeastern North America. It takes advantage of the short period of high light conditions between snowmelt and canopy closure to complete its vegetative life cycle and accumulate carbohydrate reserves for the following year. Previous studies on other spring ephemerals have shown that growth of these species is enhanced when grown at low temperature, typical of very early spring. We thus quantified the effect of three growth temperature regimes, i.e., 18 °C day – 14 °C night, 12 °C day – 8 °C night, and 8 °C day – 6 °C night, which have previously been tested on Erythronium americanum, another spring ephemeral. Gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and plant biomass were measured repeatedly throughout the growth season. Growth was greatest under the 12 °C day – 8 °C night temperature regime, consistent with enhanced net photosynthetic rates (Pn), photochemical quenching (qP), and photochemical efficiency of photosynthesis (ΦPSII) at this temperature regime throughout the season. Pn was similar at 18 °C day – 14 °C night and 8 °C day – 6 °C night, but leaves had a greater duration at 8 °C day – 6 °C night; however, bulb biomass was not greater at 8 °C day – 6 °C night than at 18 °C day – 14 °C night. This study corroborates the general sensitivity of spring ephemerals to warmer temperatures. It also highlights species differences that might be caused by their specific carbon metabolism at the bulb level.

Physiological and morphological responses to shade and nutrient additions of Claytonia virginica (Portulacaceae): implications for the "vernal dam" hypothesis

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1340-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy B Anderson ◽  
William G Eickmeier
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Spring Ephemerals ◽  
Nutrient Additions ◽  
Spring Ephemeral ◽  
Morphological Responses ◽  
Claytonia Virginica

Because of their unique phenology and physiology, spring ephemeral herbs are believed to play an important role in intrasystem nutrient cycling in deciduous forest ecosystems. It was hypothesized that they function as a "vernal dam" by temporarily sequestering nutrients and preventing leaching from the system during a period of high nutrient availability. However, spring ephemerals require high-irradiance growing conditions. How do their physiological and morphological responses to ambient light and shade limit their ability to sequester excess nutrients? We performed field experiments using Claytonia virginica L. as a model to test several responses to shade and increasing levels of nutrient additions. We also examined the biomass responses and nutrient storage capacities of other spring ephemeral herbs. In C. virginica, shading reduced ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) activity, photosynthesis rate, specific leaf weight, leaf width/length (W/L), and biomass; nutrient additions increased W/L and biomass only under unshaded conditions. Other herbs responded similarly but reached maximum biomass at lower nutrient addition levels than C. virginica. Shading reduced and nutrient additions increased nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in both C. virginica and other herbs. Shaded herbs generally reached nutrient saturation at lower nutrient addition levels than unshaded herbs. Overall, unshaded plants sequestered larger amounts of nutrients than shaded plants. This pattern is best explained by a reduction in biomass under shaded conditions. We concluded that C. virginica and other spring herbs, although important components in forest nutrient cycling in the early spring, are limited in their capacity to store excess nutrients, particularly when shaded.Key words: Claytonia virginica, nutrient cycling, spring ephemerals, vernal dam.

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