Hypoglycemic brain injury in the rat. Correlation of density of brain damage with the EEG isoelectric time: a quantitative study

Diabetes ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1090-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Auer ◽  
Y. Olsson ◽  
B. K. Siesjo
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Quantitative Study

scholarly journals Inhaled Nitric Oxide Reduces Secondary Brain Damage after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A Terpolilli ◽  
Seong-Woong Kim ◽  
Serge C Thal ◽  
Wolfgang M Kuebler ◽  
Nikolaus Plesnila
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Secondary Brain Damage ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Regional Ischemia

Ischemia, especially pericontusional ischemia, is one of the leading causes of secondary brain damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). So far efforts to improve cerebral blood flow (CBF) after TBI were not successful because of various reasons. We previously showed that nitric oxide (NO) applied by inhalation after experimental ischemic stroke is transported to the brain and induces vasodilatation in hypoxic brain regions, thus improving regional ischemia, thereby improving brain damage and neurological outcome. As regional ischemia in the traumatic penumbra is a key mechanism determining secondary posttraumatic brain damage, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of NO inhalation after experimental TBI. NO inhalation significantly improved CBF and reduced intracranial pressure after TBI in male C57 Bl/6 mice. Long-term application (24 hours NO inhalation) resulted in reduced lesion volume, reduced brain edema formation and less blood–brain barrier disruption, as well as improved neurological function. No adverse effects, e.g., on cerebral auto-regulation, systemic blood pressure, or oxidative damage were observed. NO inhalation might therefore be a safe and effective treatment option for TBI patients.

Cerebral acid-base and gas metabolism in brain injury

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zupping
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Gas Metabolism ◽  
Permanent Brain Damage

✓ Acid-base and gas parameters of CSF, jugular venous and arterial blood were measured in 45 patients with brain injury in the first 12 days after trauma or operation. CSF metabolic acidosis together with respiratory alkalosis and hypoxemia in the cerebral venous and arterial blood were the most characteristic findings. A close correlation between the severity of brain damage and the intensity of the CSF metabolic acidosis and arterial hypocapnia was revealed. It was concluded that brain hypoxia and acidosis play an important role in the development of cerebral edema and permanent brain damage.

Novel Synthetic and Natural Therapies for Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Battaglini ◽  
Dorota Siwicka-Gieroba ◽  
Patricia RM Rocco ◽  
Fernanda Ferreira Cruz ◽  
Pedro Leme Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Specific Recommendation ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Secondary Brain Damage ◽  
Late Treatment

: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and death worldwide. The initial mechanical insult results in tissue and vascular disruption with hemorrhages and cellular necrosis that is followed by a dynamic secondary brain damage that presumably results in additional destruction of the brain. In order to minimize deleterious consequences of the secondary brain damage-such as inflammation, bleeding or reduced oxygen supply. The old concept of the -staircase approach- has been updated in recent years by most guidelines and should be followed as it is considered the only validated approach for the treatment of TBI. Besides, a variety of novel therapies have been proposed as neuroprotectants. The molecular mechanisms of each drug involved in inhibition of secondary brain injury can result as potential target for the early and late treatment of TBI. However, no specific recommendation is available on their use in clinical setting. The administration of both synthetic and natural compounds, which act on specific pathways involved in the destructive processes after TBI, even if usually employed for the treatment of other diseases, can show potential benefits. This review represents a massive effort towards current and novel therapies for TBI that have been investigated in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. This review aims to summarize the advancement in therapeutic strategies basing on specific and distinct -target of therapies-: brain edema, ICP control, neuronal activity and plasticity, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, cerebral autoregulation, antioxidant properties, and future perspectives with the adoption of mesenchymal stromal cells.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Biopsychosocial Factors of Fatigue and Sleep Problems After Traumatic Brain Injury: Protocol for a Multicenter Longitudinal Cohort Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Bruijel ◽  
Sven Z Stapert ◽  
Annemiek Vermeeren ◽  
Jennie L Ponsford ◽  
Caroline M van Heugten
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Family Participation ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Support Family

BACKGROUND Fatigue and sleep problems are common after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are experienced as highly distressing symptoms, playing a significant role in the recovery trajectory, and they can drastically impact the quality of life and societal participation of the patient and their family and friends. However, the etiology and development of these symptoms are still uncertain. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine the development of fatigue and sleep problems following moderate to severe TBI and to explore the changes in underlying biological (pain, brain damage), psychological (emotional state), and social (support family, participation) factors across time. METHODS This study is a longitudinal multicenter observational cohort study with 4 measurement points (3, 6, 12, and 18 months postinjury) including subjective questionnaires and cognitive tasks, preceded by 7 nights of actigraphy combined with a sleep diary. Recruitment of 137 moderate to severe TBI patients presenting at emergency and neurology departments or rehabilitation centers across the Netherlands is anticipated. The evolution of fatigue and sleep problems following TBI and their association with possible underlying biological (pain, brain damage), psychological (emotional state), and social (support family, participation) factors will be examined. RESULTS Recruitment of participants for this longitudinal cohort study started in October 2017, and the enrollment of participants is ongoing. The first results are expected at the end of 2020. CONCLUSIONS To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examines the development of both post-TBI fatigue and sleep longitudinally within a biopsychosocial model in moderate to severe TBI using both subjective and objective measures. Identification of modifiable factors such as mood and psychosocial stressors may give direction to the development of interventions for fatigue and sleep problems post-TBI. CLINICALTRIAL Netherlands Trial Register NTR7162; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=7162 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6z3mvNLuy) INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR RR1-10.2196/11295

scholarly journals Adipocytes as an Important Source of Serum S100B and Possible Roles of This Protein in Adipose Tissue

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Gonçalves ◽  
Marina Concli Leite ◽  
Maria Cristina Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum S100b ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Astroglial Activation

Adipocytes contain high levels of S100B and in vitro assays indicate a modulated secretion of this protein by hormones that regulate lipolysis, such as glucagon, adrenaline, and insulin. A connection between lipolysis and S100B release has been proposed but definitive evidence is lacking. Although the biological significance of extracellular S100B from adipose tissue is still unclear, it is likely that this tissue might be an important source of serum S100B in situations related, or not, to brain damage. Current knowledge does not preclude the use of this protein in serum as a marker of brain injury or astroglial activation, but caution is recommended when discussing the significance of changes in serum levels where S100B may function as an adipokine, a neurotrophic cytokine, or an alarmin.

Prions prevent brain damage after experimental brain injury: a preliminary report

2003 ◽  
pp. 297-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Hoshino ◽  
K. Inoue ◽  
T. Yokoyama ◽  
S. Kobayashi ◽  
T. Asakura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Preliminary Report

scholarly journals Role of Microvascular Disruption in Brain Damage from Traumatic Brain Injury

2015 ◽  
pp. 1147-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aric F. Logsdon ◽  
Brandon P. Lucke-Wold ◽  
Ryan C. Turner ◽  
Jason D. Huber ◽  
Charles L. Rosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Damage

Polymorphism of the APOE Gene and Markers of Brain Damage in the Outcomes of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
E. G. Sorokina ◽  
Zh. B. Semenova ◽  
N. S. Averianova ◽  
O. V. Karaseva ◽  
E. N. Arsenieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Apoe Gene
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