Glyceraldehyde phosphate and methyl esters of succinic acid. Two "new" potent insulin secretagogues

Diabetes ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 997-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. MacDonald ◽  
L. A. Fahien
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Insulin Secretagogues

Respiratory, ionic, and functional effects of succinate esters in pancreatic islets

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. E428-E433 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Malaisse ◽  
J. Rasschaert ◽  
M. L. Villanueva-Penacarrillo ◽  
I. Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Biosynthetic Activity ◽  
Insulin Secretagogues ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
45Ca Efflux ◽  
Stimulation Of

The methyl esters of succinic acid were introduced a few years ago as new potent insulin secretagogues. In the present study, they were found to increase O2 uptake by rat islets incubated in the absence or presence of D-glucose; to decrease 86Rb outflow from prelabeled islets; to stimulate biosynthetic activity in the islets, with a preferential effect on the synthesis of proinsulin; to inhibit 45Ca efflux from prelabeled islets perifused in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ but to augment 45Ca net uptake and to cause a biphasic stimulation of 45Ca outflow in islets incubated or perifused in the presence of extracellular Ca2+; and to evoke a biphasic stimulation of insulin release. The insulinotropic action of these methyl esters coincided with a shift to the left of the sigmoidal relationship between insulin output and D-glucose concentration, was concentration related in the 2-10 mM range, failed to be duplicated by succinic acid, displayed both Ca2+ dependency and resistance to a lowering of extracellular pH, and was operative in the absence of D-glucose whether or not the islets were stimulated by non-nutrient secretagogues. It is concluded that the respiratory, cationic, biosynthetic, and secretory responses of the islets to succinate methyl esters display the characteristic features usually encountered in the process of nutrient-stimulated insulin release.

Metabolism of Succinic Acid Methyl Esters in Neural Cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Zhang ◽  
J. Rasschaert ◽  
W.J. Malaisse
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Acid Methyl

Metabolism of succinic acid methyl esters in myocytes

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.-M. Zhang ◽  
J. Rasschaert ◽  
W.J. Malaisse
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl

Stimulation of Insulin Release In Vivo by the Methyl Esters of Succinic Acid and Glutamic Acid

1997 ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Valverde ◽  
David Vicent ◽  
Marisa L. Villanueva-Peñacarrillo ◽  
Francine Malaisse-Lagae ◽  
Willy J. Malaisse
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Stimulation Of

Succinic acid methyl esters as liver nutrients

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
W.J. Malaisse ◽  
T.-M. Zhang ◽  
A. Sener
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl

Calcium ion imaging in plant cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
Peter K. Hepler ◽  
Dale A. Callaham
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Ion Imaging ◽  
Membrane Compartments ◽  
Free Acid Form

Calcium ions (Ca) participate in many signal transduction processes, and for that reason it is important to determine where these ions are located within the living cell, and when and to what extent they change their local concentration. Of the different Ca-specific indicators, the fluorescent dyes, developed by Grynkiewicz et al. (1), have proved most efficacious, however, their use on plants has met with several problems (2). First, the dyes as acetoxy-methyl esters are often cleaved by extracellular esterases in the plant cell wall, and thus they do not enter the cell. Second, if the dye crosses the plasma membrane it may continue into non-cytoplasmic membrane compartments. Third, even if cleaved by esterases in the cytoplasm, or introduced as the free acid into the cytoplasmic compartment, the dyes often become quickly sequestered into vacuoles and organelles, or extruded from the cell. Finally, the free acid form of the dye readily complexes with proteins reducing its ability to detect free calcium. All these problems lead to an erroneous measurement of calcium (2).

Activity of Plasmin and Streptokinase-Activator on Substituted Arginine and Lysine Esters

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 018-031 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sherry ◽  
Norma Alkjaersig ◽  
A. P Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

SummaryComparative studies have been made of the esterase activity of plasmin and the streptokinase-activator of plasminogen on a variety of substituted arginine and lysine esters. Human plasmin preparations derived by different methods of activation (spontaneous in glycerol, trypsin, streptokinase (SK) and urokinase) are similar in their esterase activity; this suggests that the molecular structure required for such esterase activity is similar for all of these human plasmins. Bovine plasmin, on the other hand, differs from human plasmin in its activity on several of the substrates studied (e.g., the methyl esters of benzoyl arginine and tosyl, acetyl and carbobenzoxy lysine), a finding which supports the view that molecular differences exist between the two animal plasmins. The streptokinase-activator hydrolyzes both arginine and lysine esters but the ratios of hydrolytic activity are distinct from those of plasmin and of other activators of plasminogen. The use of benzoyl arginine methyl ester as a substrate for the measurement of the esterase activity of the streptokinase-activator is described.

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