scholarly journals Self-harm following release from incarceration: Patterns and measurement issues

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Borschmann ◽  
Jesse Young ◽  
Stuart Kinner ◽  
Matthew Spittal
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Measurement Issues ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Medical Emergency Services ◽  
Release From Prison

IntroductionDespite an elevated prevalence of self-harm in the incarcerated adult population, little is known about patterns of self-harm following release from prison. Objectives and ApproachBaseline self-report interviews with 1315 adults immediately prior to release from prison in Queensland, Australia, combined with interrogation of linked health data from >3750 post-release emergency department presentations, >2000 ambulance attendances, and corrections data during periods of re-incarceration. ResultsApproximately 5% of all contacts with medical emergency services following release from prison resulted from self-harm. These were associated with being Indigenous, having a lifetime history of a mental disorder and having been identified by prison staff as being at risk of self-harm. Agreement between self-reported self-harm and medically-verified episodes of self-harm was poor. Conclusion/ImplicationsEmergency services contacts resulting from self-harm following release from prison are common and represent an opportunity for tertiary intervention for self-harm. Our findings suggest that a self-reported history of self-harm should not be considered a reliable indicator of prior self-harm, or of future self-harm risk, in incarcerated adults.

Prediction and network modelling of self-harm through daily self-report and history of self-injury

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Kyron ◽  
Geoff R. Hooke ◽  
Andrew C. Page
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wish To Die ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm

Abstract Background Self-harm is a significant public health issue, and both our understanding and ability to predict adverse outcomes are currently inadequate. The current study explores how preventative efforts could be aided through short-term prediction and modelling of risk factors for self-harm. Methods Patients (72% female, Mage = 40.3 years) within an inpatient psychiatric facility self-reported their psychological distress, interpersonal circumstances, and wish to live and die on a daily basis during 3690 unique admissions. Hierarchical logistic regressions assessed whether daily changes in self-report and history of self-harm could predict self-harm, with machine learning used to train and test the model. To assess interrelationships between predictors, network and cross-lagged panel models were performed. Results Increases in a wish to die (β = 1.34) and psychological distress (β = 1.07) on a daily basis were associated with increased rates of self-harm, while a wish to die on the day prior [odds ratio (OR) 3.02] and a history of self-harm (OR 3.02) was also associated with self-harm. The model detected 77.7% of self-harm incidents (positive predictive value = 26.6%, specificity = 79.1%). Psychological distress, wish to live and die, and interpersonal factors were reciprocally related over the prior day. Conclusions Short-term fluctuations in self-reported mental health may provide an indication of when an individual is at-risk of self-harm. Routine monitoring may provide useful feedback to clinical staff to reduce risk of self-harm. Modifiable risk factors identified in the current study may be targeted during interventions to minimise risk of self-harm.

scholarly journals Emotional reactivity and emotion regulation among adults with a history of self-harm: Laboratory self-report and functional MRI evidence.

2014 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tchiki S. Davis ◽  
Iris B. Mauss ◽  
Daniel Lumian ◽  
Allison S. Troy ◽  
Amanda J. Shallcross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm

Financial Strain, Suicidal Thoughts, and Suicidal Behavior Among US Military Personnel in the National Guard

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-445
Author(s):  
Craig J. Bryan ◽  
AnnaBelle O. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Us Military ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Background: Although financial strain is an identified risk factor for suicide among US military personnel, research is limited regarding the specific dimensions of financial strain that confer the greatest risk. Aims: The present study examined the associations among multiple indicators of financial strain, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts in a sample of US National Guard personnel, a high-risk subgroup of the US military. Method: National Guard personnel from Utah and Idaho ( n = 997) completed an anonymous online self-report survey. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to test hypothesized associations. Results: Lifetime history of suicide ideation was significantly more common among participants reporting recent income decrease, credit problems, and difficulty making ends meet, even when adjusting for other covariates. Lifetime history of suicide attempt was significantly associated with recent foreclosure or loan default, credit problems, and difficulty making ends meet, but only in univariate analyses. Recent credit problems were the only financial strain indicator that significantly predicted a history of suicide attempt among participants with a history of suicide ideation. Limitations: The present study includes self-report methodology and cross-sectional design. Conclusion: Although multiple indicators of financial strain are associated with increased risk for suicidal thinking among National Guard military personnel, credit problems had the strongest association with suicide attempts.

scholarly journals Self-harm following release from prison: A prospective data linkage study

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Borschmann ◽  
Emma Thomas ◽  
Paul Moran ◽  
Megan Carroll ◽  
Ed Heffernan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Release From Prison

Objective: Prisoners are at increased risk of both self-harm and suicide compared with the general population, and the risk of suicide after release from prison is three times greater than for those still incarcerated. However, surprisingly little is known about the incidence of self-harm following release from prison. We aimed to determine the incidence of, identify risk factors for and characterise emergency department presentations resulting from self-harm in adults after release from prison. Method: Cohort study of 1325 adults interviewed prior to release from prison, linked prospectively with State correctional and emergency department records. Data from all emergency department presentations resulting from self-harm were secondarily coded to characterise these presentations. We used negative binomial regression to identify independent predictors of such presentations. Results: During 3192 person-years of follow-up (median 2.6 years per participant), there were 3755 emergency department presentations. In all, 83 (6.4%) participants presented due to self-harm, accounting for 165 (4.4%) presentations. The crude incidence rates of self-harm for males and females were 49.2 (95% confidence interval: [41.2, 58.7]) and 60.5 (95% confidence interval: [44.9, 81.6]) per 1000 person-years, respectively. Presenting due to self-harm was associated with being Indigenous (incidence rate ratio: 2.01; 95% confidence interval: [1.11, 3.62]), having a lifetime history of a mental disorder (incidence rate ratio: 2.13; 95% confidence interval: [1.19, 3.82]), having previously been hospitalised for psychiatric treatment (incidence rate ratio: 2.68; 95% confidence interval: [1.40, 5.14]) and having previously presented due to self-harm (incidence rate ratio: 3.91; 95% confidence interval: [1.85, 8.30]). Conclusion: Following release from prison, one in 15 ex-prisoners presented to an emergency department due to self-harm, within an average of 2.6 years of release. Demographic and mental health variables help to identify at-risk groups, and such presentations could provide opportunities for suicide prevention in this population. Transition from prison to the community is challenging, particularly for those with a history of mental disorder; mental health support during and after release may reduce the risk of adverse outcomes, including self-harm.

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