scholarly journals Evolution and Religious Experience. Review of Johan De Smedt’s and Helen De Cruz’s book "The Challenge of Evolution to Religion". University Printing House, Cambridge, 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Andrii Kadykalo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Evolution Of Religion ◽  
Printing House

The author of the review analyzes the book that focuses on three challenges of evolution to religion: teleology, origin of a human being, and the evolution of religion itself. De Smedt and Helen De Cruz show how these tensions arise and offer potential responses for religion. Individual religions can meet these challenges, if some of their metaphysical assumptions are adapted or abandoned.

Moral Theory and Divine Justice

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-127
Author(s):  
Hussein Ali Abdulsater
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Divine Sovereignty ◽  
Divine Justice ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Autonomy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Point Of Departure

This chapter investigates the position of human beings in this theological system. Its point of departure is a definition of the human being, from which it develops an understanding of human agency in relation to God and the world. Divine assistance (luṭf) is highlighted as the bridge between human autonomy and divine sovereignty. Following is an elaborate description of religious experience: its origins, justification, relevant parties, responsibilities and characteristics. The concept of moral obligation (taklīf) is shown to be the cornerstone of Murtaḍā’s theory on religion. The chapter is divided into three sub-headings: The Human Being; Justification of Moral Obligation; Characteristics of Moral Obligation.

scholarly journals KEBEBASAN BERAGAMA DALAM ISLAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Tri Yuliana Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Personal Beliefs ◽  
Religious Plurality

Every human being is free to choose a religion according to his religious experience and in accordance with his personal beliefs. Freedom of religion also includes the situation conducive for people to choose religion (according to his) and to his religion without restriction and coercion from any party. The challenges of today's religious life in contrast to the issue of religious freedom and the fact of religious plurality. Religious pluralism urged all religions to think practically how to get along with other religious and theological interpret the meaning of the presence of religion and belief.

Two Biblical Models of Conversion: An Example of Puritan Hermeneutics

1989 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
Charles L. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Psychological Experience ◽  
New Birth ◽  
God's Word ◽  
Born Again

Puritan religious experience centered around conversion, the soul's new birth in faith. Entry into the realm of the Spirit, the path to salvation, involved a protracted emotional confrontation with grace borne in God's Word. The injunction to begin life anew in grace is as old as John 3:3, which declares that one “cannot see the kingdom of God” without being “born again” but does not associate the event with any particular psychological experience; what one undergoes in becoming a child of the Spirit the gospel does not relate. Into this gap of possibility Puritan preachers insinuated their vision of holy passions; well known as physicians of the soul, they pieced together a compelling model of how the Spirit moves a human being as it translates individuals from the estate of damnation to that of grace.

scholarly journals The concept of “heart” in Old Irish church literature: The case of the Apgitir chrábaid

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Mikhail S. Kiselev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Gospel Of John ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Old Irish ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
Fear Of God

This paper attempts to analyze the instances and contexts of the use of the concept “heart”, which is the key concept for Christian anthropology, based on the material of Old Irish church literature, namely, on the treatise Apgitir chrábaid. The following cases of using the word “heart” in the studied text are revealed: “love for God in the heart”, “fear of God in the heart”, “purity of the heart”, “simplicity of the heart”, “confession of something in the heart”, “heart as a container of faith” , “heart as the dwelling place of God”, “heart as the place where the Truth is”. These cases are grouped by the author into types. It was done so in order to review them within the conceptual grid, built by various researchers, who utilized the idea of different semantic base for each case of the “heart” usage in Christian literature of Early Middle Ages. “Heart” usage groups were formed as 1) a physical organ 2) the emotion center 3) the intelligence center 4) the center of willpower and desires 5) the center of spiritual life and religious experience 6) the symbolic core of a human being, the synonym of a human being in general, spirit or soul in particular. An assumption is made about the presence of an intertextual connection between some fragments of the Apgitir chrábaid where the concept of “heart” is present and a number of biblical texts (Gospel of John, Epistle to the Ephesians, The Second Epistle of Peter).

scholarly journals RELEGIUSITAS DALAM USFŪR MIN AL-SYARQ KARYA TAUFĪQ AL-HAKĪM

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Yulia Nasrul Latifi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Literary Study ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Presence Of God

The aim of this writing is to discover the varieties of forms of religious experience from Usfu> r min al-Syarq, a novel written by Taufiq al-Haki> m. By focusing on the ‘religiosity’ in the literary study, which is based on the protagonist's attitude as well as their thinking and the plot of story, this study has come up with several conclusions on the forms of religious experience, which  are: 1) total experience from the presence of God, 2) strength and firmness on getting the calamity or disaster, 3) total experience of the mighty God and the unity of human being, 4) total experience from the beauty of death, and 5) peacefulness based on the true faith. 

scholarly journals Autenticidade e transcendência em Charles Taylor

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (285) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Rogério Foschiera
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Charles Taylor ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Life Context

Em termos taylorianos, educar para a autenticidade é situar o ser humano num contexto de vida que o transcende. Para Charles Taylor, oferecer o melhor sentido inclui não só proporcionar a orientação melhor e mais realista sobre o bem, mas também permitir que melhor se compreenda e encontre sentido nas ações e sentimentos próprios e dos outros. Taylor denomina hiperbens os bens que não apenas são incomparavelmente mais importantes que os outros, como proporcionam uma perspectiva a partir da qual esses outros devem ser pesados, julgados e decididos. Abrir-se à experiência religiosa é viabilizar o entendimento de questões humanas básicas e constitutivas e que dizem respeito à vida e à morte. Contudo, tal processo só será possível com uma profissão de fé no pluralismo.Abstract: In Taylor terms, to educate for the authenticity is to situate the human being in a life context that transcends him. For Charles Taylor, to offer the best sense includes not only to proportionate the best and most realistic orientation about the good, but also to permit that one understands better and finds sense in the own actions and sentiments and of the others. Taylor denominates as hyper goods the goods that are not only incomparably more important than the others, as they also proportionate a perspective from which those others must be pondered, judged and decided. To open oneself to the religious experience is to make viable the understanding of basic and constitutive human questions and that concern life and death. However, such process will only be possible with a faith profession in the pluralism.

scholarly journals The Will and the Presence of Human Being in Abu al-Hasan al-Ash’ari’s Thought: Explaining the Relation between Human and God in Kalam Discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-254
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yunus Masrukhin
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Arabic Linguistics ◽  
Free Creature ◽  
Theological School ◽  
The Will ◽  
Will Of God

This article tries to problematize the mainstream academic perspectives about fatalistic orientation and predetermined will of mankind attributed to the thoughts of Abu al-Hasan al-Asy’ari, founder of theological school in Islam named after his name. Benefited from phenomenological approach it proves that Ash’ari has conceptualized that mankind is free creature represented by his/her will as it is related to the will of God. This article argues that Ash’ari’s assertion that humankind has freedom is based on the fact that he/she has ability to feel the presence of the will in his/her consciousness as something belongs to him/her. Departing from the logic of Arabic linguistics, freedom is defined as free will found in human being regardless of whether it is created by mankind or by God. Knowing that human will is created by God theologically doesn’t mean that the will is predetermined in the state of consciousness due to the fact that al-Qur’an states that God has created a feeling of freedom for human being to feel free not to feel being determined. Since the conception of being is elucidated linguistically by Ash’ari as being found by finder, this projection has firmly been compatible with projection of phenomenological consciousness. This article ends with conclusion that the feeling of will in the sense of consciousness of it manifests human freedom without neglecting the will of God. This relation of two wills has enabled human being to be aware of his/her freedom and God’s one as unseparated dualism in human religious experience. [Artikel ini mencoba untuk melakukan problematisasi atas pandangan para sarjana mainsntream dalam diskursus teologi yang menyatakan bahwa pemikiran Abu al-Hasan al-Asy’ari, pendiri mazhab Asy’ariah, adalah fatalistik. Lebih lanjut, artikel ini ingin membuktikan bahwa pemikiran Asy’ari mempunyai perhatian yang besar terhadap kebebasan manusia yang direpresentasikan oleh adanya kehendak manusia yang berelasi dengan kehendak Tuhan dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Artikel ini menjelaskan bahwa Asy’ari menegaskan kebebasan manusia dengan argumentasi bahwa ia mempunyai kehendak yang hadir dalam kesadarannya dan dinisbatkan kepadanya; orang yang berkehendak adalah orang yang mempunyai kehendak tanpa melihat siapa yang mewujudkan kehendak tersebut. Meskipun Tuhan menciptakan kehendak untuk manusia, tapi secara sadar kehendak itu dinisbatkan manusia. Pandangan Asy’ari tentang kehendak dan kebebasan manusia didasarkan pada logika Bahasa Arab dengan menyatakan bahwa eksistensi adalah wujud yang ditemu oleh manusia yang menemukan, mempunyai kesesuaian dengan fenomenologi yang menyatakan bahwa eksistensi adalah relasi kesadaran manusia terhadap wujud. Dalam konteks ini, kehendak merupakan bukti yang paling kuat atas eksistensi manusia yang bebas. Artikel ini berkesimpulan bahwa dalam pandangan Asy’ari manusia adalah makhluk yang bebas melalui kehendaknya tanpa harus mengkorbankan kehendak Tuhan. Lebih lanjut kehendak manusia dan Tuhan merupakan dualisme kesadaran eksistensialisme yang tak bisa dipisahkan dalam pengalaman kemanusiaan religius.]

scholarly journals The self is as a lens through which to study religion: Keiji Nishitani’s Religion and Nothingness revisited

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Garth J. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Innovative Approaches

This article offers an analysis of Keiji Nishitani’s understanding of the religious self as a window into his wider understanding of religion. It serves two purposes: to motivate for a revisiting of Nishitani’s book Religion and Nothingness (1983) and to argue that his ideas offer innovative approaches to contemporary Religious Studies. The self is the focus of Nishitani’s understanding of religion. Nishitani argues that the self is in crisis, rooted in the following question: ‘For what purpose do I exist?’ At the point of our deepest doubt (what he terms ‘the Great Doubt’) emerges an awareness of nothingness. That paradoxically leads to the potential for conversion: a uniquely religious experience. Nishitani’s analysis of religion and the self in crisis is valuable for the study of the religion more broadly because it locates the self as an important focus in the study of religion. Nishitani’s argument for the importance of religion and conversion in peoples’ lives foreshadowed two contemporary theoretical topics in the study of religion, namely posthumanism and postsecularism. To be human, to be aware of one’s death as a human being and the absolute doubt it causes, drives us to understand that we share the same fate as all life in the wider ecology and forces us to recognise that we share our creatureliness with all other life forms. Postsecularism is based on the prevalence of religion globally, despite predictions of its demise by secularists. This article reads the later writings of Derrida in the frame of postsecularism.Contribution: This article contributes to the current research into religious experience in the field of Religious Studies. It also suggests that the current sociological research of religious expression concentrates on identity advocacy but does not acknowledge the opposite issue of identities in crisis. This article addresses the dearth of research on the latter.

APROXIMAÇÃO COM TEMOR REVERENCIAL DA ESSÊNCIA DA RELIGIÃO

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (140) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Miguel García-Baró
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Second Moment ◽  
Phenomenology Of Religion ◽  
Personal Reflections ◽  
The Way

Resumo: Este ensaio parte da síntese de resultados essenciais que oferece a fenomenologia da religião. Em um segundo momento, exponho minhas considerações pessoais sobre o problema, que começam pela análise do conceito de salvação, continuam evocando uma diferença capital que distingue o monoteísmo (quase com toda certeza...) de qualquer outra experiência religiosa - a saber: o modo como se relacionam entre eles os membros da comunidade de fieis – e, graças a estes dois fatores de transição, oferecem algumas conclusões fundadas nas teses que em geral sustento a propósito da pessoa humana como capax dei.Abstract: This essay starts by looking at the synthesis of some key results offered by the phenomenology of religion. In a second moment, I will present my personal reflections on the issue. The first ones will concern the analysis of the concept of salvation. Then, I will evoke a capital difference that distinguishes monotheism (almost for sure) from any other religious experience, that is, the way members of the community of the faithful relate to one another. Thanks to these two transition factors, I will propose some conclusions based on the theses that I generally support on the human being as capax dei.

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