EFFECT OF HOST-LARVAL DIET ON THE HOST ACCEPTANCE AND HOST SUITABILITY OF THE EGG PARASITOID Telenomus remus NIXON (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) ON Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Adha Sari ◽  
Damayanti Buchori ◽  
Ihsan Nurkomar
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Telenomus Remus

Effect of host-larval diet on the host acceptance and host suitability of the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The life history of parasitoids is an important factor that can determine their ability to attack a host. The type of food consumed by the host can affect the ability of parasitoids such as host searching behavior, host suitability and host acceptance. In this research, we evaluate the effect of the S. frugiperda larvae diet on its suitability of the eggs produced by the adults for the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus. The research was studied on two types of egg masses of S. frugiperda that obtained from the moths that fed with natural or artificial diet during their larval stages. Parasitoid was reared from both types of hosts. An egg mass consisting of 50 S. frugiperda eggs from both types of hosts was exposed to one egg parasitoid female for 24 hours. S. frugiperda eggs then were reared until the parasitoid adult emerged. Each experiment was repeated 20 times. Host acceptance was observed through the host parasitism rate and its parasitization. Meanwhile, the host suitability was observed through the sex ratio of the emerging parasitoids. The results showed that S. frugiperda eggs reared using artificial diet had a higher parasitism rate (99.33%) than those of natural diet (82.53%). In contrast, the level of parasitization of S. frugiperda eggs reared using natural diet was higher (78.30%) than those of artificial diet (48.34%) because the number of emerging T. remus from S. frugiperda eggs reared using natural diet was also higher than those of artificial diet. However, the sex ratio (F:M) of emerging T. remus from S. frugiperda eggs reared using both of diet was female biased.

scholarly journals Interspecific interaction between Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana R. Carneiro ◽  
Odair A. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Interspecific Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Recognition Mechanism ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Telenomus Remus

This work aimes to evaluate the interspecific interaction between Trichogramma pretiosum and Telenomus remus, two biological control agents of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) eggs. Eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda previously parasitized by Telenomus remus were offered to Trichogramma pretiosum, and those parasitized by Trichogramma pretiosum were offered to Telenomus remus. The previously parasitized eggs were tested at different embryonic development stages for each parasitoid. In addition, to evaluate the competition between species, Spodoptera frugiperda eggs were offered to the parasitoids simultaneously. The behavior of the insects was recorded under a stereomicroscope. When Spodoptera frugiperda eggs were previously exposed to either parasitoid, there was no emergence of the other parasitoid. When the Telenomus remus and Trichogramma pretiosum females were placed together with Spodoptera frugiperda eggs, Telenomus remus had a greater parasitism rate. Except searching time, all Trichogramma pretiosum behaviors took a longer time than Telenomus remus behaviors. Thus, despite belonging to different families, each of these parasitoids is able to recognize host eggs previously parasitized by the other. So, this suggests that the recognition mechanism involved is not exclusively specific.

scholarly journals Parasitism by Campoletis flavicincta on Spodoptera frugiperda in corn

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1077-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto da Costa Matos Neto ◽  
Ivan Cruz ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Carlos Henrique Osório Silva ◽  
Marcelo Coutinho Picanço
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Total Progeny ◽  
Corn Productivity ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Production Losses

Parasitism by Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and consequent reduction of production losses were evaluated on caged corn plants in the field. Treatments consisted of plots infested with 0 (control), 15 and 30 pairs of C. flavicincta with egg masses per cage and plot infested without cage and liberation of the parasitoid. Parasitoid release was done when S. frugiperda larvae were three-day-old. Fifty corn plants (40%) per plot were collected seven days after infestation and S. frugiperda larvae present were reared in glass cups on an artificial diet. Number of S. frugiperda larvae was reduced by C. flavicincta but mortality of the pest and parasitoid sex ratio in laboratory were similar among treatments. Total progeny and female production from collected larvae were similar among densities of released parasitoid. Parasitism rate was higher on 30 than on 15 pairs of C. flavicincta. Damage on corn plants at seven and 14 days after S. frugiperda infestation had similar grades at 0, 15 or 30 C. flavicincta pairs and higher values than the plots without cage. Damage by S. frugiperda was lower at 30 C. flavicincta pairs after 21 days of infestation. Final stand, stand reduction by plant death and corn productivity were similar among treatments.

scholarly journals Releasing number of Telenomus remus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) against Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn, cotton and soybean

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Farhat Pomari ◽  
Adeney de Freitas Bueno ◽  
Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas Bueno ◽  
Ayres de Oliveiras Menezes Junior ◽  
Augusto Cesar Prado Fernandes Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Crop Plant ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Telenomus Remus

Telenomus remus releasing numbers may vary depending on the crop, plant architecture and/or the plant phenological stage. Thus, we examined the number of parasitoids needed for effective pest control of Spodoptera frugiperda on corn, cotton and soybean. In all crops, the parasitism response in relation to increasing numbers of the parasitoids had a quadratic effect. In corn, the maximum parasitism observed was 99.8% and 96.8% at a parasitoid releasing number of 0.231 and 0.264 T. remus females per S. frugiperda egg at phenological stages V4 and V10, respectively. Differently, in cotton and soybean, the highest parasitim were recorded using the highest tested T. remus releasing numbers (0.297 parasitoid per S. frugiperda egg). In cotton, it was 77.8% and 73.1% at the vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively and in soybean, it was 77.3% and 54.4% also at the vegetative and reproductive stages. Thus, the appropriated T. remus releasing number might vary accordingly to the crop and plant phenological stage, being higher for soybean and cotton and lower for corn.

scholarly journals Biology and life tables of Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) as parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
Oktaviani ◽  
N Maryana ◽  
Pudjianto
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproduction ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Telenomus Remus

Abstract Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), is an endoparasitoid on eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). S. frugiperda. The information of T. remus as a natural enemy of S. frugiperda is very limited. The research objective is to determine some biological aspects of T. remus, i.e. longevity, fecundity, and life table variables. The demographic statistics using the jackknife method. T. remus is collected from the field identified as T. remus. The immature stage of T. remus reached 8.13 days, the longevity of the male was 10.07 days, while a female was 10.29 days with a fecundity of 75 eggs, and a sex ratio of male and female was 1:2.16. T. remus life table, i.e. gross reproduction rate (GRR) was 74.67 individuals/generation, net reproduction rate (R0) was 45260.60 females/females/generation, with generation period (T) was 8.62 days, and intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 1.24 females/female/day. The success parasitization of T. remus reaches 91%.

scholarly journals Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Infestations in East Africa: Assessment of Damage and Parasitism

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birhanu Sisay ◽  
Josephine Simiyu ◽  
Esayas Mendesil ◽  
Paddy Likhayo ◽  
Gashawbeza Ayalew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Percent Parasitism

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, threatens maize production in Africa. A survey was conducted to determine the distribution of FAW and its natural enemies and damage severity in Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania in 2017 and 2018. A total of 287 smallholder maize farms (holding smaller than 2 hectares of land) were randomly selected and surveyed. FAW is widely distributed in the three countries and the percent of infested maize fields ranged from 33% to 100% in Ethiopia, 93% to 100% in Tanzania and 100% in Kenya in 2017, whereas they ranged from 80% to 100% and 82.2% to 100% in Ethiopia and Kenya, respectively, in 2018. The percent of FAW infestation of plants in the surveyed fields ranged from 5% to 100%. In 2017, the leaf damage score of the average of the fields ranged from 1.8 to 7 (9 = highest level of damage), while 2018, it ranged from 1.9 to 6.8. In 2017, five different species of parasitoids were recovered from FAW eggs and larvae. Cotesia icipe (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was the main parasitoid recorded in Ethiopia, with a percent parasitism rate of 37.6%. Chelonus curvimaculatus Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was the only egg-larval parasitoid recorded in Kenya and had a 4.8% parasitism rate. In 2018, six species of egg and larval parasitoids were recovered with C. icipe being the dominant larval parasitoid, with percentage parasitism ranging from 16% to 42% in the three surveyed countries. In Kenya, Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was the dominant egg parasitoid, causing up to 69.3% egg parasitism as compared to only 4% by C. curvimaculatus. Although FAW has rapidly spread throughout these three countries, we were encouraged to see a reasonable level of biological control in place. Augmentative biological control can be implemented to suppress FAW in East Africa.

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