Ways to Improve the Operational Safety of Gas Adsorption Dehydration Unit

Author(s):  
M.R. Salimova ◽  
◽  
A.V. Fedosov ◽  
N.Kh. Abdrakhmanov ◽  
N.V. Vadulina ◽  
...  

The problem of technological installations operational safety in the gas processing industry, which is currently subject to high requirements, is studied in the article. This is due to the circulation of harmful and hazardous substances at the installations, as well as the possibility of gas leakage when interacting with which air can create an explosive mixture. Statistical data is presented concerning the incidents in the oil and gas due to violations of safety rules and deviations from normal operating mode at gas dehydration units. The number of fires, emissions of hazardous substances and explosions is also noted. The object of research is presented — gas adsorption dehydration unit. Process flow diagram of adsorption gas dehydration with a brief description of the process is attached. Physical and chemical production factors of hazards arising during operation of the adsorption gas dehydration unit, the toxicity of substances and their effect on the human body are considered. During the research, the main focus is on the quality of the adsorbent used for gas dehydration. Due to the poor quality of the adsorbent (partial crushing and coking of the adsorbent layer), an increase in the pressure drop in the adsorber is possible, which may result in an additional load on the equipment parts, which can lead to destruction. It should also be noted that the quality of the adsorbent affects the amount of dust emitted. With repeated use, the adsorbent particles are reduced in size and carried away with the gas flow. Industrial dust is a particle of solid substances suspended in the air for a long time. In case of prolonged contact with industrial dust, there is a risk of chronic diseases of the respiratory tract, lungs. In the final part of the study, a new adsorbent NaLSX is proposed for use, which has improved characteristics than adsorbents used in industry. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of adsorbents affecting the operational safety and productivity of the gas adsorption dehydration unit is presented.

Author(s):  
Marc Fraas ◽  
Tobias Glasenapp ◽  
Achmed Schulz ◽  
Hans-Jörg Bauer

Further improvements in film cooling require an in-depth understanding of the influencing parameters. Therefore, a new test rig has been designed and commissioned for the assessment of novel film cooling holes under realistic conditions. The test rig is designed for generic film cooling studies. External hot gas flow as well as internal coolant passage flow are simulated by two individual flow channels connected to each other by the cooling holes. Based on a similarity analysis, the geometry of the test rig is scaled up by a factor of about 20. It furthermore offers the possibility to conduct experiments at high density ratios and realistic approach flow conditions at both cooling hole exit and inlet. The operational range of the new test rig is presented and compared to real engine conditions. It is shown that the important parameters are met and the transfer-ability of the results is ensured. Special effort is put onto the uniformity of the approaching hot gas flow, which will be demonstrated by temperature and velocity profiles. A first measurement of the heat transfer coefficient without film cooling is used to demonstrate the quality of the measurement principle.


1990 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Russo ◽  
R.G. Elliman ◽  
P.N. Johnston ◽  
G.N. Pain

ABSTRACTThe techniques, Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) have been used to investigate compositional and thickness uniformity of Hg1-xCdxTe (MCT) grown on GaAs substrates by Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition (MOCVD). Composition and thickness variations are reported for orientations perpendicular and parallel to gas flow in the MOCVD reactor. Crystalline quality of the MCT layer was also determined by RBS channelling analysis.


1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Atwater

Treatment of environmental news was examined in concert with readers' perceptions of environmental topics. A content analysis of three midwest daily newspapers indicated a majority of environmental stories examined appeared within the first four pages of the newspapers. Disposal of wastes, quality of water and hazardous substances were perceived by readers as the most important environmental topics prominently reported by the media.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ShuangYang Dai ◽  
Xiaobin Zhou ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Beibei Li ◽  
JinGao Zhang

Abstract Backgrounds Master of public health (MPH) plays an important role in Chinese medical education, and the dissertations is an important part of MPH education. In MPH dissertations, most are observational studies. Compared with randomized controlled trial (RCT), observational studies are more prone to information bias. So, the reporting of the observational studies should be transparent and standard. But, no research on evaluating the reporting quality of the MPH dissertation has been found.Methods A systematic literature search was performed in the Wanfang database from January 1, 2014 to May 31, 2019. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observation Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement was adopted to evaluate the reporting quality of the selected studies. Articles that met the following criteria were selected: (1) observational studies, including cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies; (2) original articles; (3) studies on humans, including both adults and children.Results The Median of compliance to individual STROBE items was 74.79%. The mean (standard deviation) of STROBE score was 14.29 (1.84). Five items/sub-items were 100% reported (“reported” and “partly reported” were combined): background, objectives, study design, report numbers of individuals at each stage, and key result. Fifteen items/sub-items were reported by 75% or more. Reporting of methods and results was often omitted: missing data (6.67%), sensitivity analyses (3.63%), flow diagram (15.15%), and absolute risk (0%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that cohort studies (OR=3.41, 95% CI=1.27-9.16), funding support (OR=4.37, 95% CI=1.27-9.16) and more published papers during postgraduate period (OR=3.46, 95% CI=1.40-8.60) were related to high reporting quality.Conclusion In short, the reporting quality of observational studies in MPH’s dissertations in China is suboptimal. However, it’s necessary to improve the reporting of method and results sections. We recommend that authors should be stricter to adhere STROBE statement when conducting observational studies.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
ShuangYang Dai ◽  
Xiaobin Zhou ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Beibei Li ◽  
JinGao Zhang

Abstract Backgrounds Master of public health (MPH) plays an important role in Chinese medical education, and the dissertations is an important part of MPH education. In MPH dissertations, most are observational studies. Compared with randomized controlled trial (RCT), observational studies are more prone to information bias. So, the reporting of the observational studies should be transparent and standard. But, no research on evaluating the reporting quality of the MPH dissertation has been found. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in the Wanfang database from January 1, 2014 to May 31, 2019. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observation Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement was adopted to evaluate the reporting quality of the selected studies. Results The median of compliance with STROBE statement of 165 articles was 67.82%. The mean (standard deviation) of STROBE score was 14.3 (1.91). Five items/sub-items were 100% reported: background, objectives, study design, report numbers of individuals at each stage, and key result. Fifteen items/sub-items were reported by 75% or more. Reporting of methods and results was often omitted: missing data (12.73%), sensitivity analyses (3.03%), flow diagram (15.15%), and absolute risk (0%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that funding support (OR=13.98, 95% CI=4.37-44.70) and more published papers during postgraduate period (OR=2.77, 95% CI=1.02-7.54) were related to high reporting quality. Conclusion In short, the reporting quality of observational studies in MPH’s dissertations in China is suboptimal. However, it’s necessary to improve the reporting of method and results sections. We recommend that authors should be stricter to adhere STROBE statement when conducting observational studies.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Arif Dwi Santoso

BPPT conducted the mass of CO2 gas calculation in the gas absorption experiments with phytoplankton cultivation in the photobioreaktor (FBR) batch and continous syatem using the ideal gas equation. This study stated that the method of calculation with the ideal gas equation is more simple and practical in providing data analysis compared with biomass methods. Some things to note in this method include good knowledge about the movement of the gas flow diagram of inputs and outputs FBR, an appropriate gas sampling, and accuracy of measuring instruments. The required data in the mass calculation of CO2 gas in a batch photobioreactor system was resultant CO2 concentration during measurement. Meanwhile in a continuous systems, the requireddata was CO2 concentration at the reactor input and output , the rate and duration of the injection gas.Keywods : massa gas CO2, dry weight, ideal gas formula


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Serpa ◽  
Ana Machado ◽  
Martha Santos ◽  
Isabel Campos ◽  
Fátima Jesus ◽  
...  

<p>Wildfires constitute a diffuse source of contamination to aquatic ecosystems. In burnt hillslopes, ash and sediments transported by overland flow are a source of potentially hazardous substances, like metals, posing a risk for downstream water bodies. In the present study, post-fire metal mobilization by overland flow was evaluated in 16 m<sup>2 </sup>bounded plots at a eucalypt stand in Albergaria-a-Velha (Aveiro district, North-Central Portugal) that burnt with moderate severity in September 2019. Overland flow samples were collected on a weekly to bi-weekly basis, depending on the occurrence of rain, during the first 6 months after fire. Aside from overland flow samples collected at slope scale, water and sediment samples were also collected in a fire-affected stream within the Albergaria burned catchment, to assess the contamination risk posed by the fire. Samples were collected at three sites along the stream: one upstream, one within and another downstream from the burnt area, after major rainfall events. The metals analysed in this study included, vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). Results showed that most metals exhibited a peak in exports immediately after the first significant post-fire rainfall event likely due to the wash-off of the ash layer and high sediment losses, but for some elements like Zn and Cu, exports were more or less constant over time. The fire seems to have had a low impact on the water quality of the affected stream, since metal concentrations were similar between the three study sites. The quality of stream sediments, on the other hand, was clearly affected by the fire, especially after the rainy season. As fire severity and frequency is forecasted to increase in the near future due to climate changes, the results of this work reinforce the importance of water managers to define adaptative strategies to effectively protect freshwater bodies.</p>


Author(s):  
O.V. Lomovskoy ◽  
R.S. Zagidullin

The article describes the technology of using a power drive made of an alloy with the shape memory effect to improve the quality of the pressure couplings of bushing-housing. A comprehensive assessment of the existing approaches to the production of a pressure coupling is performed. The risk analysis of the technological process of pressing by the FMEA method is carried out. The flow diagram of the proposed process and the results of an experimental study of the dependence of contact pressures on the radial expansion of a ring load-bearing element made of an alloy with the shape memory effect are presented.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Yaning Li ◽  
Xuelei Wang ◽  
Jie Tan

Focusing on the first domestic coking flue gas desulfurization and denitration integrated unit in China, the current condition of inlet flue gas indices cannot be determined timely owing to the large detection lag and complex upstream coking process, which is extremely unfavorable for the optimal control of desulfurization and denitration process. In order to solve this problem, an intelligent integrated modeling method of flue gas SO2 concentration, O2 content and NOx concentration is proposed. Firstly, the gas flow diagram in combustion process is built, the mechanism models of SO2, NOx concentration and O2 content are established according to the principle of material balance and reaction kinetics, respectively. Then the RBF neural network is adopted to compensate the prediction error, an improved training algorithm combining optimal stopping principle and dual momentum adaptive learning rate is proposed to improve the training speed and generalization ability of neural network. Based on the practical data of two 55-hole and 6-meter top charging coke ovens in the coking group, the effectiveness and superiority of proposed model and method are verified by simulation via comparison of various methods.


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