scholarly journals The assessment of hepatic mineral composition in sheep, cattle, chicken, and fish in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Abdulqader Ahmed Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Toxic Level ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
The City ◽  
Mean Concentration

Liver mineral concentrations of 232 samples from slaughtered animals, including  lamb, yearling, sheep, and cattle, checkin, and fish were detrmined, using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, to provide data regarding to the liver mineral concentrations (mg/kg dry weight). The mean liver Zn and Co liver conentrations of lambs (286, 1.9), yearling (233, 1.7), sheep (254, 1.8), and cattle (276, 1.8) in majority samples were adequate, while liver Pb concentrations of mentioned animals (45.3, 48.1, 46.4, 39.6) mg/kg respectively were high and exceeded toxic levels. In checkin, the mean liver Cu, Zn, and Co were also adequate, with the mean values of (26.4), (298.8), and (1.8) mg/kg respectively. Though, the mean liver Fe concentration (2257.0 mg/kg) was high, and liver Pb concentration (6.2 mg/kg) was reched toxic level. In fish, for majority liver samples, the mean concentration of Cu (191.8), Fe (6800.0), Zn (202.8), Co (3.3), Pb (8.6), and Ni (6.3) were high and toxic. In conclusion, liver Pb (and Ni only in fish) concentration in all studied animals for the majority of examined sample were higher than normal and toxic. Wherese, other studied minerals in majority of liver samples were adequate. Therefore, it can be concluded that there are problems on animal and human health (due to high concentration of Pb and Ni) would be raised at present from the consumption of ovine, bovine, checkin, and fish slaughtered from the city of Erbil.

Evaluation of heavy metals content in the canned/packed fruit juices from local and imported origin in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeefa Fatima ◽  
Munazza Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shuaib Kabeer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study was conducted to determine the mean concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in canned/packed fruits juices, collected from various stores in Lahore in a period of three months. These juices were categorized into four groups; local packed and canned and also imported packed and canned products. Every group consisted of ten samples. By using the di-acid digestion method, the collected samples were digested and analyzed under Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results indicated that the mean values of 7 out of 9 tested heavy metals including Pb, Mg, Ni, Fe, Cr, Se and Mn were above permissible limits (set by WHO) in all four understudy groups. Therefore, it was concluded that commercially available fruit juices are not all safe according to their heavy metals content for the human consumption despite their nutritive values.

Establishing inherent uncertainty in the shifts determined by volumetric imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
Upendra Kumar Giri ◽  
Anirudh Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Accelerator ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Volumetric Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Quality Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted for establishing inherent uncertainty in the shift determination by X-ray volumetric imaging (XVI) and calculating margins due to this inherent uncertainty using van Herk formula.Material and methodsThe study was performed on the XVI which was cone-beam computed tomography integrated with the Elekta AxesseTM linear accelerator machine having six degree of freedom enabled HexaPOD couch. Penta-Guide phantom was used for inherent translational and rotational shift determination by repeated imaging. The process was repeated 20 times a day without moving the phantom for 30 consecutive working days. The measured shifts were used for margins calculation using van Herk formula.ResultsThe mean standard deviations were calculated as 0·05, 0·05, 0·06 mm in the three translational (x, y and z) and 0·05°, 0·05°, 0·05° in the three rotational axes (about x, y, z). Paired sample t-test was performed between the mean values of translational shifts (x, y, z) and rotational shifts. The systematic errors were found to be 0·03, 0·04 and 0·03 mm while the random errors were 0·05, 0·06 and 0·06 mm in the lateral, cranio-caudal and anterio-posterior directions, respectively. For the rotational shifts, the systematic errors were 0·02, 0·03 and 0·03 and the random errors were 0·06, 0·05 and 0·05 in the pitch, roll and yaw directions, respectively.ConclusionOur study concluded that there was an inherent uncertainty associated with the XVI tools, on the basis of these six-dimensional shifts, margins were calculated and recorded as a baseline for the quality assurance (QA) programme for XVI imaging tools by checking its reproducibility once in a year or after any major maintenance in hardware or upgradation in software. Although the shift determined was of the order of submillimetre order, still that shift had great significance for the image quality control of the XVI tools. Every departments practicing quality radiotherapy with such imaging tools should establish their own baseline value of inherent shifts and margins during the commissioning and must use an important QA protocol for the tools.

Application of a Polarized X-Ray Spectrometer for Analysis of Ash from a Refuse-Fired Steam Generating Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 519-526
Author(s):  
William E. Maddox
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Double Scattering ◽  
Scattering Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Langley Research Center ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
The City

AbstractThe Refuse-Fired Steam Generating Facility (RFSGF) funded jointly by NASA, the U.S. Air Force, and the City of Hampton is presently in operation at the NASA/Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. The facility b u m s approximately 200 tons/day of refuse and supplies approximately 170x103 tons/year of steam at 350 psig to the Langley Center. Concentrations of trace elements in the bottom ash and in the ash from the electrostatic precipitators were determined using the Murray State Polarized X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (PXFS), The PXFS uses x-rays from a Phillips PW1140/96 x-ray generator in a double scattering process to make quantitative measurements on elements in pressed briquette samples. The double scattering process is used to produce polarized x-rays for excitation of the samples, Minimum detectable limits (MDL) of 1-3 ppm are achieved for elements with Z = 26 to 42. Lower Z elements have significantly higher MDL's; the lowest Z element detected, sulfur, has an MDL of 100 ppm. Elements with Z's higher than 42 have MDL's in the range of 4-10 ppm. Elements detected in the RFSGF ash were S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Sn, Sb, and Pb. The concentrations ranged from a few ppm to several mg/g.

Mineral content of honeybee-collected pollen from southern New South Wales

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Somerville ◽  
H. I. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
New South ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The mineral content of honeybee-collected pollen from 34 floral species was analysed for 10 elements. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) of major and minor elements were the following: potassium (K) 5530, phosphorus (P) 4600, sulfur (S) 2378, calcium (Ca) 1146, magnesium (Mg) 716, sodium (Na) 82, iron (Fe) 67, zinc�(Zn) 58, manganese (Mn) 33 and copper (Cu) 12. Close correlations existed between Mn and Cu, P and S, K and S and K and Zn. Single species demonstrated similar element profiles. Echium plantagineum pollen had a high mean concentration of P (7411 mg/kg) and S (3133 mg/kg) when compared with the mean of the total; Brassica�napus pollen had high concentration of Mg (1400 mg/kg) and Ca (1750 mg/kg) and low concentration of Fe (27 mg/kg); Hypochoeris radicata had low concentrations of 6 elements — Fe (4.5 mg/kg), Zn (20 mg/kg), Mg�(240 mg/kg), S (1400 mg/kg), P (2066 mg/kg) and K (2433 mg/kg). Asphodelus fistulosus had the highest concentration of K at 38 000 mg/kg, the next highest value of 8200 mg/kg being for Prunus dulcis.

Fumonisin B1 and Hydrolyzed Fumonisin B1 (AP1) in Tortillas and Nixtamalized Corn (Zea mays L.) from Two Different Geographic Locations in Guatemala†

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1218-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
FILMORE I. MEREDITH ◽  
OLGA R. TORRES ◽  
SANDRA SAENZ de TEJADA ◽  
RONALD T. RILEY ◽  
ALFRED H. MERRILL
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Mean Concentration

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a common contaminant of corn worldwide and is responsible for several diseases of animals. In the preparation of tortillas, corn is treated with lime (producing nixtamal) that when heated hydrolyzes at least a portion of the FB1 to the aminopentol backbone (AP1), another known toxin. This study analyzed the amounts of FB1 and AP1 in tortillas and nixtamal from two communities in the central highlands of Guatemala where corn is a major dietary staple (Santa Maria de Jesus, Sacatepequez, and Patzicia, Chimaltenango). The amounts of FB1 and AP1 in tortillas from Santa Maria de Jesus were, respectively, 0.85 ± 2.0 and 26.1 ± 38.5 μg/g dry weight (mean ± SD), and from Patzicia were 2.2 ± 3.6 and 5.7 ± 9.4 μg/g dry weight. Less than 6% of the tortillas from both locations contained ≥10 μg FB1/g dry weight; whereas, 66% of the samples from Santa Maria de Jesus and 29% from Patzicia contained ≥10 μg AP1/g dry weight. The highest amount of AP1 (185 μg/g dry weight) was found in tortillas from Santa Maria de Jesus. The highest amounts of FB1 were 6.5 and 11.6 μg/g dry weight in tortillas from Santa Maria de Jesus and Patzicia, respectively. The mean concentration of FB1 in nixtamal was significantly higher in Santa Maria de Jesus compared to Patzicia. Surprisingly, AP1 was not detected in any of the nixtamal samples. The human impact of exposure to these amounts of fumonisins is not known. However, based on findings with other animals, where corn is a dietary staple, long-term consumption of FB1 and AP1 (especially at ≥10 μg/g of the diet) may pose a risk to human health.

PROTEIN BINDING OF CORTISOL IN HEALTH AND IN PREGNANCY

1961 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOLLIE BOOTH ◽  
P. F. DIXON ◽  
C. H. GRAY ◽  
J. M. GREENAWAY ◽  
N. J. HOLNESS
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
In Pregnancy

SUMMARY The binding of plasma cortisol to transcortin at 37° c was studied in normal men and in non-pregnant and pregnant women. The mean concentrations of transcortin were 8, 11·5 and 14 × 10−7 moles/l. and the percentages of the binding sites occupied by cortisol were 45, 24 and 40%, respectively. The mean values of the equilibrium constants were 2·9, 1·8 and 4·6 × 107 l./mole, suggesting that there might be a qualitative difference in transcortin from the three groups. The mean concentration of diffusible cortisol was 1·12 μg./100 ml. in men and 0·65 μg./100 ml. in non-pregnant and pregnant women. The significance of these findings is discussed.

scholarly journals Assessment of Air Pollution by PM10 and PM2.5 in Nawabshah City, Sindh, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3757-3761
Author(s):  
A. A. Siyal ◽  
S. R. Samo ◽  
Z. A. Siyal ◽  
K. C. Mukwana ◽  
S. A. Jiskani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City ◽  
Mean Concentration

Increased traffic density due to urbanization is a major cause of air quality deterioration. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) constitutes one of the most challenging issues in environmental research. This study was designed to assess PM10 and PM2.5 pollution at ten main locations in Nawabshah. Analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 pollution was carried randomly at different selected locations of the city. The highest concentration of PM10 was found at Mohini bazar (MB) and the highest concentration for PM2.5 was found at New Naka (NN). The mean concentration of PM10 was 78.3% higher than world health organization (WHO) standards and 35% than Pakistan’s National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS). The mean concentration of PM2.5 was 47.3% and 26.3% higher respectively. Mean concentrations of PM2.5 on day-2 and day-10 were found lower than those set by NEQS, while mean concentrations of PM10 on all days exceeded the WHO and NEQS standards indicating that the city was heavily polluted more with PM10 than with PM2.5. Re-suspension of dust particles due to traffic flow, open burning of unmanaged solid waste on the sides of the road and in the street, and improper handling of construction and demolition waste were identified as the main sources for PM pollution in the city. Exposure to higher levels of PM10 and PM2.5 can cause health problems. High levels of PM10 and PM2.5 are a call for the implementation of strict measures to control PM pollution at Nawabshah in order to protect public health and the environment.

scholarly journals Sheep manure fertilization in Mimosa caesalpiniifolia in an Albaquult

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Henrique A. de Souza ◽  
Roberto C. F. F. Pompeu ◽  
Rafael G. Tonucci ◽  
Francisco E. P. Fernandes ◽  
Maria D. M. Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Degraded Pasture ◽  
Root Collar

ABSTRACT The use of organic fertilizers can increase the production of forest species for the extraction of wood from monoculture stands or integrated systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying doses of sheep manure on the biometric traits of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (‘sabiá’) in a silviculture system in an area previously occupied by native degraded pasture in an Albaquult. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four repetitions, with treatments corresponding to five doses of sheep manure per plant: 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 kg in the first year, while in the second year the double of the doses (0, 4, 8, 16 and 32 kg per plant) were applied as topdressing under the canopy. The following biometric variables were evaluated: height (H); root collar diameter (RCD); diameter at breast height (DBH); above-ground dry weight (AGDW); accumulation of nutrients (aerial part); and soil fertility. The plants were responsive to the organic fertilization regarding the variables H, DBH, and AGDW. The sheep manure increased the mean values of pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, SB, CEC, BS, S-SO4 2- and Zn, and reduced the potential acidity in the 0-0.20 m soil layer. The organic matter variable increased up to the dose of 13.70 kg per plant. The accumulation rates of macro and micronutrients in the ‘sabiá’ plants were N > Ca > K > Mg > P > S and Fe > Mn > B > Zn > Cu, respectively.

Bee's Honeys With High Concentration of Dicarbonyl Molecules Are Rich in Vitamin C and Deficient in Hydrogen Peroxide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wed Mohammed Ali ALaerjani ◽  
Amal Ahmed Ali Al-Musa ◽  
Mohammed Elimam Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
P Values ◽  
Acacia Honey ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract The altitude is well known to affect the temperature, parometric and oxygen pressure and the amount of UV radiation which affect the bees and the physicochemical properties of bee's honey. This study investigated the relations between the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, vitamin C and dicarbonyl molecules in honey samples from different floral origins and altitudes. Ten Ziziphus and twenty Acacia honey samples were collected directly from their bee farms. The hydrogen peroxide and vitamin C were measured using redox titartions while the dicarbonyl molecules concnetration was determined spectrophotometerically. The results were statisticaly analyzed by the ANOVA and t-test of the SPSS. The mean concentration of vitamin C in the Acacia and Ziziphus honey samples were 275.14± 82.3 and 239.16± 91.5 mg/100g, respectively. The mean hydrogen peroxide percentages in the Acacia and Ziziphus honey samples were 2.66± 0.81 and 4.94± 1.85%, respectively. The mean concentrations of the dicarbonyl molecules in the Acacia and Ziziphus were 324.62± 291.03 and 115.75± 94.9 mg/Kg, respectively. Significant variations were reported in the case of the hydrogen peroxide and the dicarbonyl molecules concentrations in the Acacia and Ziziphus honeys (p- values = 0.004 and 0.007, respectively). The altitude significantly afected the studied parameters. Honeys rich in dicarbonyl molecules have a high concentration of vitamin C and low content of hydrogen peroxide.

RESPONSE FROM COPPER AND SELENIUM WITH VITAMIN E INJECTIONS TO CATTLE PASTURED ON MINERAL AND ORGANIC GROUNDWATER SOILS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. MILTIMORE ◽  
J. L. MASON ◽  
J. M. McARTHUR ◽  
C. C. STRACHAN ◽  
J. B. CLAPP
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Good Drainage ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Sulfate

An experiment, using a total of 127 cattle on one ranch over a 2-yr period and 82 cattle at two separate locations on a second ranch in 1 yr, tested injections of copper (Cu) and injections of selenium (Se) with vitamin E, separately and in combination. Injections of 100 mg Cu as copper calcium edetate resulted in an increased overall daily gain of 118 g or 22%. The injections of Se and vitamin E did not significantly increase gain and there was no synergistic effect when the two materials were given together. The crude protein, inorganic sulfate, S, P, Ca, K, Mg, Cu, Mo, Fe, Mn, Zn, and B concentrations were determined on grass from the experimental pastures and from grass growing in fields around one ranch. These latter forages were collected in seven paired locations with one member forage of each set being harvested from an organic groundwater soil and the other from an adjacent clay soil where there was good drainage. Forage growing on well-drained soils had a Cu/Mo ratio of 1.9, which was almost treble the 0.7 ratio found in forage grown on the groundwater soil. Cu levels in hair from cattle on ranch B, given only Cu injections, averaged 13.4 ppm Cu on an oven-dry weight basis, which was 54% higher in Cu than hair from the control cattle. The mean concentration of Se in hair of cattle receiving Se with vitamin E was 60 ppm, which was not significantly different from the control at 58 ppm.

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