scholarly journals Variation between Initial and Final Diagnosis as A Predictor of Adverse Obstetric Outcome among Post-Natal Women at Bungoma Hospitals, Kenya

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
David Nandebe Wafula ◽  
Bernard Wesonga ◽  
Maximilla Wanzala ◽  
Nathan Shaviya ◽  
Rose A. M. Nyang’au
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Initial Diagnosis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obstetric Outcome

Despite diagnosis being an important part of clinical or medical consultations, the diagnosis might fail leading to adverse effects. This is a global problem, where developed and developing countries go through. In sub-Saharan Africa, variations between initial diagnosis and final diagnosis lead to diagnostic errors with high maternal mortalities. In Kenya, a lot of measures have been put in place but still, variation in diagnosis appear to have become rampant. Bungoma county is one of the counties with a high mortality ratio, especially for pregnant women attributed to the variation between initial and final diagnosis. Therefore, it was crucial to investigate the variation between initial and final diagnosis in relation to obstetric outcomes at hospitals in Bungoma County. The cross-sectional research design was used (Bungoma and Webuye hospitals). Systematic sampling was used to obtain 384 respondents after proportionate allocation to each hospital, and purposive sampling to select 8 health care workers as key informants. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and an interview guide. The pre-test was done with validity established through crosschecking and reliability calculated using the Cronbach method (0.89). Using a statistical package for social sciences version 25, descriptive and inferential statistics was run where chi-square and odds ratio was used to determine the influence between variables, significance and prediction. The study revealed a variation between initial diagnosis and the final diagnosis was 20.8% while diagnostic errors were significant predictors of obstetric outcomes among post-natal mothers at level five with a p-value of 0.045 at a significance of 5%(P=0.045). Demographic characteristics showed no relationship with obstetric outcomes (P=0.54>0.05). Matched diagnostic had no variations (N=327, M=1.00, SD=0.000); while unmatched diagnostic had variations (N=327, M=1.82, SD=.384). There was a relationship between diagnostic errors and obstetric outcome (ꭓ2 (1) = 251.86, p< .001). An association between diagnostic error with unsafe obstetric outcomes was significant at the odds ratio of 2.03(OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.31–2.16). The study demonstrates that a correct diagnosis is a viable strategy in preventing unsafe obstetric outcomes and by extension minimizing morbidity and mortality among pregnant women. The study concluded that there was a variation between initial diagnosis and final diagnosis which had an adverse obstetric outcome. it was recommended to build capacities for the health workers in order to address increased diagnostic errors.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Diagnostic Errors as Predictors of Obstetric Outcomes among Post-Natal Mothers in Bungoma County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
David Nandebe Wafula ◽  
Benard Wesonga ◽  
Maximilla Wanzala
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Live Births

Diagnosis is the foundation of a correct intervention. However, diagnostic errors result in wrong interventions. This is a global phenomenon, where it is a common problem; which has been understudied. Looking at the Philippines, diagnostic errors are three times most likely to make pregnant women develop obstetric complications. In Kenya, there is a high annual maternal mortality prevalence ratio of 362/100,000 live births, with Bungoma County exceeding the national maternal mortality prevalence ratio of 382/100,000 live births annually. Maternal mortality more often than not, a factor, that arises from morbidity is fuelled by diagnostic errors that required determination of its consequences on obstetric outcomes in Bungoma county. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of diagnostic errors as predictors of obstetric outcomes among post-natal mothers in Bungoma County. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design, which was hospital-based (Bungoma and Webuye hospitals). Systematic sampling was used to obtain 384 respondents and purposive sampling to select 8 health care workers as key informants. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and an interview guide. the pre-test was done; validity was established through crosschecking and reliability calculated using the Cronbach method (0.89). Using a statistical package for social sciences version 25, descriptive statistics were run. The study revealed a prevalence ratio of 3.996 whereas delayed diagnosis was 43.1%, missed 38.8%, absent diagnosis 27.5%, wrong diagnosis 34.9%, misinterpretation of results 24.1, unmatched 26.3% and unnecessary investigation 9.3%. The study demonstrates that a correct diagnosis is a viable strategy in preventing unsafe obstetric outcomes and by extension minimizing morbidity and mortality among pregnant women.

scholarly journals Research Article: Impact of Cooking Fuel Choices on Maternal Lung Functions in Selected Rural and Urban Areas of Copperbelt Province, Zambia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
David Mulenga
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cooking Fuel ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background: Considering the respiratory health risk of exposure to biomass cooking fuel emissions, this study was conducted to elucidate the relationship between cooking fuel choices and declined pulmonary function in rural and urban population in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study of 1,170 healthy nonsmoking pregnant women from Masaiti and Ndola predominantly using biomass fuel for cooking. Questionnaire based data was acquired along with standardized measures of lung function. MIR Spirobank G (Italy) was used in spirometry based on American Thoracic Standards. Results: The present study found that over two thirds (69.2%) of pregnant women in the study population use biomass for cooking and only 12.4 % use electricity only. Declined lung function was found to be statistically significantly associated with cooking fuel choices (p – value 0.005) and a weak association was observed with gravida at a p-value of 0.056. Pregnant women using crop residues as cooking fuel were two times more likely to have a declined lung function [AOR 2.33 (1.27, 4.30)] compared with pregnant women using mixed fuel type (biomass and electricity) and those using electricity only were 57% less likely to have a declined lung function [AOD 0.43 (0.26, 0.69)]. Conclusion: Use of biomass for cooking among pregnant women is a strong determinant of declined lung function. Interventions to improve maternal respiratory health outcomes in Zambia and other countries in sub-Saharan Africa should involve making cleaner cooking fuel energy options available and accessible by ordinary women from both rural and urban areas.

Prevalence of curable STIs and bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2021-055057
Author(s):  
Dorothy Chiwoniso Nyemba ◽  
Eposi C Haddison ◽  
Colin Wang ◽  
Leigh Francis Johnson ◽  
Landon Myer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Sub Saharan

ObjectiveSTIs remain a global public health problem with a high burden among pregnant women. STIs in pregnant women may lead to various adverse pregnancy outcomes. In most sub-Saharan African countries, syndromic management is used for screening and treatment of STIs. We aimed to update and summarise pooled prevalence of curable STIs and bacterial vaginosis (BV) among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsElectronic databases and reference lists of relevant published and unpublished studies were searched from March 2015 to October 2020. Studies were included if they estimated prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Treponema pallidum (syphilis), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and BV among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Meta-analyses were performed with observed prevalences corrected for diagnostic errors to estimate the pooled prevalence of diagnosed infections by region.ResultsA total of 48 studies met the inclusion criteria, providing 85-point prevalence estimates for curable STIs and BV. Pooled prevalence estimates (with 95% CI and number of women tested) were as follows: MG: 13.5% (4.0–27.2, n=1076); CT: 10.8% (6.9–15.5, n=6700); TV: 13.8% (10.0–18.0, n=9264); NG: 3.3% (2.1–4.7, n=6019); syphilis: 2.9% (2.0–4.0, n=95 308) and BV: 36.6% (27.1–46.6, n=5042). By region, BV was the most prevalent and ranged from 28.5% (24.5–32.8, n=1030) in Eastern Africa to 52.4% (33.5–70.9, n=2305) in Southern Africa; NG had the lowest prevalence, ranging from 1.4% (95% CI 0.1 to 3.1, n=367) in Central Africa to 4.4% (95% CI 2.6 to 6.4, n=4042) in Southern Africa.ConclusionThe prevalence of curable STIs and BV in sub-Saharan Africa is substantial in pregnant women but most prevalent in Southern Africa where HIV prevalence is highest. It is crucial to integrate screening of curable STIs into antenatal care programmes that have previously focused on diagnosis and treatment of syphilis and HIV.

scholarly journals The Brabant study: design of a large prospective perinatal cohort study among pregnant women investigating obstetric outcome from a biopsychosocial perspective

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e038891
Author(s):  
Margreet Meems ◽  
Lianne Hulsbosch ◽  
Madelon Riem ◽  
Christina Meyers ◽  
Tila Pronk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Maternal Distress ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Obstetric Outcome ◽  
Partner Relationship ◽  
Pregnancy Distress

BackgroundPregnancy is characterised by many biological and psychosocial changes. Adequate maternal thyroid function is important for the developing fetus throughout gestation. Latent class analyses recently showed three different patterns of change in thyroid function throughout pregnancy with different associations with obstetric outcome. Maternal distress during the pregnancy (anxiety and depression) negatively affects obstetric outcome. Pregnancy distress in turn may be affected by personality traits and attachment styles. Moreover, during the pregnancy, substantial social changes occur in the partner relationship and work experience. The aim of the Brabant study is to investigate the association between thyroid function trajectories and obstetric outcomes. Moreover, within the Brabant study, we will investigate how different trajectories of pregnancy distress are related to obstetric outcome, and the role of personality in this association. We will evaluate the possible role of maternal distress and attachment style on maternal–fetal bonding. Finally, we will study social changes in the perinatal period regarding partner relationship and well-being and performance at work.Methods and analysisThe Brabant study is a longitudinal, prospective cohort study of an anticipated 4000 pregnant women. Women will be recruited at 8–10 weeks gestation among community midwife practices in South-East Brabant in the Netherlands. Thyroid function parameters (TSH and fT4), thyroid peroxidase antibody and human chorionic gonadotrophin will be assessed at 12, 20 and 28 weeks gestation. Moreover, at these three time points women will fill out questionnaires assessing demographic and obstetric features, life style habits and psychological and social variables, such as depressive symptoms, personality, partner relationship quality and burnout. Data from the obstetric records will also be collected.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of the Máxima Medical Center Veldhoven. Results will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals in the relevant fields and presented on national and international conferences.

scholarly journals Individual and community level factors associated with unintended pregnancy among pregnant women in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liknaw Bewket Zeleke ◽  
Addisu Alehegn Alemu ◽  
Eskeziaw Abebe Kassahun ◽  
Bewket Yeserah Aynalem ◽  
Hamid Yimam Hassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
P Value ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Fertility Preference ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Polygamy Relation

AbstractUnintended pregnancy is among the major challenges of public health and a major reproductive health issue, due to its implications on the health, economic and social life of a woman and her family mainly in low and middle-income countries, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. The study aimed to assess unintended pregnancy and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia using multilevel analysis from the EDHS 2016. We used the data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, comprised of 1122 pregnant women. The prevalence of unintended pregnancy was determined through descriptive statistics and multilevel logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with unintended pregnancy. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 in the selected model were considered as significantly associated and an adjusted odds ratio was used to determine the strength and direction of the association. The prevalence of unintended pregnancy was 29.7% (CI 27.0%, 32.4%), of which 20.4% were mistimed and 9.3% unwanted. Being multi-para and fertility preference to have no more child were associated with a higher risk of unintended pregnancy whereas husbands' polygamy relation, having no women autonomy, and living in Afar and Somali regions showed a less likely risk of experiencing an unintended pregnancy. This study showed that the proportion of women who experienced unintended pregnancy is considerably high. Parity, fertility preference, polygamy relation, women autonomy, and region were identified factors associated with unintended pregnancy. Therefore, policymakers at all levels, reproductive health experts, and concerned organizations should emphasize minimizing unintended pregnancy targeting the regional variation at large. Researchers have to explore the regional variations through a qualitative study.

scholarly journals Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Retrospective Analysis of Recurrence and Survival in Women Treated for Breast Cancer at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 965-975
Author(s):  
Hannah Ayettey Anie ◽  
Joel Yarney ◽  
Olutobi Sanuade ◽  
Shivanshu Awasthi ◽  
Tom Akuetteh Ndanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries

PURPOSE It is established that addition of systemic therapy to locoregional treatment for breast cancer improves survival. However, reliable data are lacking about the outcomes of such treatment in women with breast cancer in low middle-income countries. We compared the outcomes of treatment in patients who had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) or adjuvant chemotherapy and examined the factors associated with breast cancer recurrence and survival at the National Radiotherapy Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. The medical charts of women with breast cancer managed at the National Radiotherapy Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Centre from 2005 to 2014 were reviewed. A total of 388 patients with a median follow-up of 48 months were included in the study. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of recurrence. Survival was estimated using cox proportional hazards model. All models were adjusted with clinicopathologic variables. A P value of < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Fifty-nine percent received adjuvant chemotherapy. In an adjusted logistic model, no difference was observed in locoregional recurrence between patients receiving NACT compared with those receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (odds ratio = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.44 to 2.47). However, NACT recipients had a higher likelihood of distant recurrence (odds ratio = 1.97; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.15). In a multivariable analysis, no differences were observed in overall survival between the two chemotherapy groups (hazard ratio = 1.43; 95% CI, 0.91 to 2.26). CONCLUSION NACT yields similar outcomes compared with adjuvant chemotherapy; however, recipients of NACT with advanced disease may have more distant failures. Early detection in a resource-limited setting is therefore crucial to optimal outcomes, significantly limiting recurrence and improving survival.

scholarly journals Efektifitas Pemberian Serbuk Jahe (Zingiber Officinale) Terhadap Tingkatan Mual Muntah Pada Ibu Hamil

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Finta Isti Kundarti ◽  
Dwi Estuning Rahayu ◽  
Reni Utami
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Effective Administration ◽  
Ginger Powder ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Nausea and vomiting is a common disorder experienced by 50% of pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Efforts to reduce the symptoms can be with food or drinks containing ginger. Ginger has antiemetic and anxiolytic activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of ginger to decrease nausea and vomiting in pregnant women 0-16 weeks gestation. The type of research design used is quasy Experimental design. The population in this study were all pregnant women 0-16 weeks gestation who experience nausea and vomiting as many as 24 people in the sub-district Puskesmas Wonorejo Ngadiluwih Kediri. The sample in this study 24 people with using cluster random sampling and systematic sampling. The instrument used was a questionnaire and rhodes INVR. Analysis of the results using Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test test results obtained p value 0.033 ;0.05 then H0 is rejected so that there are differences decrease nausea and vomiting in pregnant women 0-16 weeks gestation who were not given the ginger and ginger. In conclusion the effective administration of ginger powder to decrease nausea and vomiting in pregnant women aged 0-16 weeks. Suggested for health workers to use ginger as a treatment alternative for reducing nausea and vomiting inpregnant women.Keywords: Giving of ginger powder, decrease of nausea and vomiting, pregnant women

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of preventive interventions against malaria during antenatal care of pregnant women from 2014 to 2018 in Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bamgboye M Afolabi ◽  
Victor A Adelusi ◽  
Waheed Folayan ◽  
Oladipo B Akinmoladun ◽  
Feyijimi Egunjobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
The State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
P Value ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
F Statistics

Background: Malaria is a major public health burden that is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria infection during pregnancy can be deleterious not only to the mother but also the fetus. The objective of this study was to evaluate malaria programme and the utilization of malaria commodities between 2014 and 2018 in Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria. Materials and methods: This study analyzed malaria-related indicators tracked on a routine basis in Ondo State, Nigeria. A retrospective cohort analysis of data retrieved from the District Health Information Management version 2.0 (DHISv2.0) database was conducted. Data was analyzed using Stata 13 statistical software. The prevalence of utilization of ANC and the proportions of pregnant women accessing malaria commodities were assessed using frequency tabulation, means, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Correlation coefficient for association among some variables was employed. Results: The mean proportion of women who had at least 1 ANC visit during the period of study was 34.3±3.9, highest in 2017 (39.1±14.8) and lowest in 2018 (26.8±12.1). The overall mean proportion of women who had at least 4 ANC visits during pregnancy was 20.3±14.1 (F-statistics=2.88, P-value=0.03), highest in 2015 (25.9±18.9) and lowest in 2018 (14.0±10.6) and the mean proportion of those who had at least 1 ANC visit before 20 weeks of pregnancy was 38.1±10.0 (F-statistics=5.63, P-value=0.0005), highest in 2017 (45.4±10.7) and lowest in 2014 (32.6±9.1). During the study period, significant variations were observed in the mean proportion of pregnant women who received LLIN at first ANC visit (F-statistics=9.52, P-value=0.00001) and those who received IPTs at ANC revisit (F-statistics=5.17, P-value=0.0009) but not in the proportion of pregnant women with anemia. None of the indicators for malaria in pregnancy correlated with anemia rate during the study period. Geographical variations observed in the measured indicators were discussed. Conclusion: This study observed disparity in proportion of pregnant women assessing ANC services and in the proportion of those that utilized malaria commodities from 2014 to 2018. Residential variances, and geographical locations were detected in the consumption of ANC services. Areas farthest from the state capital, such as the Atlantic Ocean coastline in the south and the Savannah ecological zone in the north seemed to have low utilization of ANC. The State Malaria Elimination Program should be supported strongly in terms of technical and financial assistance to improve ANC service utilization throughout the State. The disparity in ANC accessibility in Ondo State will further reduce maternal and infant morbidity and mortality as well as improve the socio-economic living standards of the people.

scholarly journals Konsumsi Jamu Ibu Hamil sebagai Faktor Risiko Asfiksia Bayi Baru Lahir

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Dewi Purnamawati ◽  
Iwan Ariawan
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

Jamu merupakan obat tradisional yang dibuat dengan cara mengolah bahan alamiah yang mempunyai khasiat obat dengan beberapa bahan campuran. Efektivitas dan efek samping pengobatan tradisional sebagai upaya pelayanan kesehatan masih perlu dibuktikan, khususnya jika digunakan oleh ibu yang sedang hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi jamu pada ibu hamil terhadap kejadian asfiksia pada bayi baru lahir di Bekasi tahun 2008. Desain penelitian adalah kasus kontrol dengan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi jamu terhadap kejadian asfiksia pada bayi baru lahir (nilai p = 0,005; odds ratio (OR) = 7,1; 95% CI = 4,23 – 11,9; (AFE) = 0,85; dan (AFP) = 0,43). Terdapat hubungan antara jumlah antenatal care (ANC) dan asfiksia pada bayi baru lahir dengan jumlah ANC= 4-8 kali (nilai p = 0,052; OR = 1,68; dan 95% CI = 0,99 - 2,83) sedangkan jumlah ANC kurang dari 4 kali (nilai p= 0,019; OR = 3,02; dan 95% CI = 1,2 - 7,58). Berdasarkan hasil wawancara mendalam diketahui bahwa mayoritas ibu hamil belum paham tentang perilaku sehat selama hamil dan tidak mendapatkan penjelasan yang cukup dari petugas kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, perlu ada peningkatan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan pada saat kehamilan dan persalinan serta perlu standardisasi penggunaan jamu un- tuk ibu hamil.Kata kunci: Obat tradisional, jamu, asfiksia, kehamilanAbstractJamu are traditional medicine which is made by natural ingredience which has medicational effect combining with several ingrediences. The successful of traditional medicine as self medication in health care still need to prove for its efectiveness and the side effect especially if it used by pregnant women. The goal of this study is to know how the effect of consuming jamu for pregnant women with birth asphyxia in Bekasi in 2008. Quantitaive and qualitative study designs were used in this study. Case control design used to see how the odds ratio of the mother who have experience to take jamu during pregnancy. The result showed that there are relation and risk of con- sume jamu with birth asphyxia (p value = 0,000; odds ratio (OR) = 7,1; 95% CI = 4,23 – 11,9) and frequencies of antenatal care (ANC) with birth as- phyxia (4 – 8 times during pregnancy, p value = 0,052; OR = 1,68; and less than 4 times during pregnancy, p value = 0,019; OR = 3,02). The result of indepth interview tells us that majority of mother doesn’t know about the health attitude during pregnancy and doesn’t have enough information from providers about it. Therefore increase the quality of health services during pregnancy and birth delivery and standart for using jamu for pregnant women are needed.Key words: Traditional medicine, jamu, asphyxia, pregnancy

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression and Its Associated Factors among Orphan Children in Orphanages in Ilu Abba Bor Zone, South West Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemechu Shiferaw ◽  
Lemi Bacha ◽  
Dereje Tsegaye
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Introduction. Orphans are the special group of children who are generally deprived and prone to develop psychiatric disorders even those reared in well-run institutions. These children and adolescents living as orphans or in stigmatized environments are vulnerable because of the loss of parent figures. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has contributed to a drastic increase in the number of orphans and vulnerable children and other causes in sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the prevalence of depression and associated factors among orphanage children in areas such as Ethiopia. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among orphans in Ilu Abba Bor Zone orphanages, 2016. Methods. An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among orphan children in orphanages at Mettu and Gore. A total of 220 orphans were included from the two orphanages and make the response rate of 98.2%. Pretested semistructured questionnaire was used for interviewing the study participants. The collected data were coded, entered into EPI-INFO 7.0. Software, and exported to SPSS version 20 for statistical analysis. The strength of association between variables was assessed using crude and Adjusted Odds Ratio by running logistic regression and the cut-off point for declaring statistical significance was P- value <0.05 or 95% confidence interval which does not contain the null value. Results. A total of 216 orphan children were interviewed with response rate of 98.2%. The overall prevalence of depression was 24.1%. The mean age of participants was 14.2 years ± 9.90 SDs and range from 11 to 17 years. Sex [Adjusted Odds Ratio = 3.29, 95% CI (1.41, 7.46)]; age [Adjusted Odds Ratio=2.09,95% CI (3.7; 5.01)]; duration of stay in foster care [Adjusted Odds Ratio= 2.08 (1.01; 8.33)]; previous physical abuse [Adjusted Odds Ratio= 3.1 (2.1; 5.06)]; having medical illness [Adjusted Odds Ratio=1.94,95% CI (2.01;3.56)]; orphan status [Adjusted Odds Ratio=2.5,95% CI (1.62; 3.56)]; and suicidal tendency [Adjusted Odds Ratio= 4.8 (3.41; 9.03)] were independent predictors of depression among orphans in orphanages. Conclusion and Recommendations. Prevalence of depression was high among orphans and this finding suggests that screening for depression and mental and psychological care should be integrated into routine health care provided to orphans and that there is a further need to establish preventive measures against depression.

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