scholarly journals Granular Cell Tumor in the Brain of a Dog

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Marisa Maglaty ◽  
Kevin Woolard

Diagnostic Exercise from The Latin Comparative Pathology Group. Clinical History: 10 year-old, female spayed, Golden Retriever/Poodle mix. This patient had a mass removed laparoscopically from the right adrenal gland (cortical adenoma) and was started on a low dose of prednisone post-operatively. Eight days post-op, she began having cluster seizures and was started on levetiracetam therapy. The following day, the dog was moderately obtunded and stumbling. On neurological examination, mild generalized ataxia was noted along with decreased menace OS, and delayed proprioception in the left pelvic and left thoracic limbs. CBC and chemistry values were unremarkable except for a mild hepatic enzyme elevation. EEG showed seizure-like activity and abnormal brain waves resembling sleep state while awake. MRI revealed an eccentric right-sided mass extending over the frontal and parietal lobes with subtentorial herniation. Due to poor prognosis, euthanasia was elected. Necropsy and Microscopic Findings: Tenuously adhered to the right parietal lobe of the brain and the dura mater is a soft, round, white, plaque-like mass measuring 3.5 x 3.0 x 0.3 cm. The mass is friable and poorly-demarcated from surrounding brain parenchyma. A portion of the mass adheres to the supradjacent surface of the calvarium.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arcara G. ◽  
Pezzetta R. ◽  
Benavides-Varela S. ◽  
Rizzi G. ◽  
Formica S. ◽  
...  

Abstract Despite decades of studies, it is still an open question on how and where simple multiplication is solved by the brain. This fragmented picture is mostly related to the different tasks employed. Although in neuropsychological studies patients are asked to perform and report simple oral calculations, neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies often use verification tasks, in which the result is shown, and the participant must verify the correctness. This MEG study aims to unify the sources of evidence, investigating how brain activation unfolds in time using a single-digit multiplication production task. We compared the participants’ brain activity – focusing on the parietal lobes - based on response efficiency, dividing their responses in fast and slow. Results showed a higher activation for fast, as compared to slow, responses in the left angular gyrus starting after the first operand, and in the right supramarginal gyrus only after the second operand. A whole-brain analysis showed that fast responses had higher activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We show a timing difference of both hemispheres during simple multiplications. Results suggest that while the left parietal lobe may allow an initial retrieval of several possible solutions, the right one may be engaged later, helping to identify the solution based on magnitude checking.


1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 561-571
Author(s):  
Gunnar Heuser ◽  
Ismael Mena ◽  
Francisca Alamos

Exposures to neurotoxic chemicals such as pesticides, glues, solvents, etc. are known to induce neurologic and psychiatric symptomatology. We report on 41 patients 16 young patients (6 males, 10 females, age 34 8 yrs.) and 25 elderly patients (9 males, 16 females, age 55 7 yrs). Fifteen of them were exposed to pesticides, and 29 to solvents. They were studied with quantitative and qualitative analysis of regional cerebral bood flow (rCBF), performed with 30 mCi of Xe-133 by inhalation, followed by 30 mCi of Tc-HMPAO given intravenously. Imaging was performed with a brain dedicated system, distribution of rCBF was assessed with automatic ROI definition, and HMPAO was normalized to maximal pixel activity in the brain. Results of Xe rCBF are expressed as mean and S.D. in ml/min/100g, and HMPAO as mean and S.D. uptake per ROI, and compared with age-matched controls 10 young and 20 elderly individuals. Neurotoxics HMPAO Uptake Young Elderly R. Orbital frontal R. Dorsal frontal .70 .66 p < 0.05 R. Temporal .64 p < 0.001 R. Parietal .66 .66 We conclude that patients exposed to chemicals present with diminished CBF, worse in the right hemisphere, with random presentation of areas of hypoperfusion, more prevalent in the dorsal frontal and parietal lobes. These findings are significantly different from observations in patients with chronic fatigue and depression, suggesting primary cortical effect, possibly due to a vasculitis process.


1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Ribeiro Pinto Jr. ◽  
Sylvio Saraiva ◽  
Wilson Luiz Sanvito

Twenty patients with unilateral neglect syndrome were studied. They were 10 males and 10 females, and they ranged from 29 to 76 years of age. All were submitted to a CAT scan of the brain. Based on the findings in our sample we drew the following conclusions: the extinction phenomenon was a constant manifestation of unilateral neglect; the line crossing test proved to be most efficient for the identification of visual neglect; the right parietal lobe was the anatomical region most often involved in the unilateral neglect syndrome.


2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yaman ◽  
A. Uyar ◽  
OF Keles ◽  
Z. Yener

A 9.5-year-old male Belgian malinois dog died after showing clinical symptoms that included fatigue, anorexia and dyspnoea. Necropsy revealed macroscopic findings in the brain and other organs. A solitary, brown-red-coloured mass, approximately 0.5 cm thick and 1.5 × 2 cm in diameter, was detected on the right side of the medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellum. The cut surface showed no invasion of the brain parenchyma. Histologically, the neoplasm was characterised by proliferation of endothelial cells, which showed epithelioid and spindle cell features. Some tumour cells had intracytoplasmic lumen formations containing red blood cells. The nuclei of the tumour cells were large and vesicular. In immunohistochemical experiments the tumour cells stained positive for factor VIII-related antigen, CD31 and CD34. A description is provided of the features of this epithelioid and spindle-cell haemangioendothelioma (EHE) that originated from vessels of the meninges in the subarachnoid space.


Author(s):  
A Ghare ◽  
K Langdon ◽  
A Andrade ◽  
R Kiwan ◽  
A Ranger ◽  
...  

Background: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare solid tumour made of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells in an extramedullary site or in bone, associated with systemic hematologic neoplasms. When they occur in the brain parenchyma, they can often be misdiagnosed. Methods: The authors report a case of a 4-year old boy 6 months out of remission from AML, presenting with a short history of headaches and vomiting, and found to have a heterogenous contrast-enhancing lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere, with differential diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma and ATRT. Preliminary diagnosis was made flow cytometry from an intraoperative biopsy. The patient had a long course of chemotherapy and radiation, but eventually died from the systemic burden of his AML. Results: The authors present a literature review on 178 published cases of CNS myeloid sarcomas, and their radiological presentation and the basis of immunohistochemical and pathological diagnosis is discussed. Conclusions: Diagnosis rests on a combination of immunohistochemistry and histopathology of biopsied tissue. Surgical resection is controversial, especially given the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation, and prognosis remains unclear. As with all uncommon and rare clinical entities, further investigation is warranted to determine prognosis and optimal management of CNS myeloid sarcomas.


2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (189) ◽  
pp. 272-274
Author(s):  
Kalyan Paudel ◽  
Anand Venugopal

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome refers to atrophy of one cerebral hemisphere (hemiatrophy) due to an insult to the brain in fetal or early childhood period. This is an uncommon condition. We present a case of a nine month- old female presented with seizure and weakness of the right upper and lower extremities and subsequently computed tomography was performed and showed hemiatrophy of the left fronto-parietal lobe with degenerative changes in the left cerebral peduncle. Keywords: Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome; hemiatrophy; hemiplegia.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-457
Author(s):  
Usama Tariq ◽  
Alicia Parker ◽  
Leila Saadatpour ◽  
Leilani Doty ◽  
Kenneth M Heilman

Abstract Background/Objectives Whereas rare cases of hemispatial visual neglect have been reported in patients with a neurodegenerative disease, quadrantic visuospatial neglect has not been described. We report a patient with probable posterior cortical atrophy who demonstrated lower right-sided quadrantic visuospatial neglect, together with allocentric vertical neglect. Methods/Results A 68-year-old man initially noted deficits in reading and writing. Subsequently, he developed other cognitive deficits. On vertical line bisections, he deviated upward, and on horizontal line bisections, he deviated to the left. These deviations together suggest that this man’s neglect might be most severe in his right (head/body-centered) lower (below eye level) visual space. When attempting to perform vertical line bisections in all four egocentric quadrants, his upward deviations were largest in the right lower quadrant. On a cancelation test, he revealed bilateral lower (ventral) allocentric neglect but not egocentric neglect. This patient’s magnetic resonance imaging revealed cortical atrophy, most prominent in the left parietal lobe. Discussion Previous research in stroke patients has demonstrated that the parietal lobes are important in mediating attention to contralateral and inferior visual space. The presence of left parietal atrophy may have induced this right lower (ventral) egocentric inattention as well as bilateral ventral allocentric inattention. Although to our knowledge there have been no prior reports of a patient with right lower quadrantic and lower vertical allocentric visuospatial neglect, patients are rarely tested for these forms of neglect, and this patient illustrates the importance of evaluating patients for these and other forms of neglect.


2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-78
Author(s):  
N. van de Weg ◽  
F.R.J. Verhey ◽  
P J.M. Raedts ◽  
F W. Vreeling

SUMMARYWe describe the clinical history of a 49-year old woman, who demonstrated progressive personality changes more than twenty years after radiation of a pituitary adenoma (prolactinoma), with apathy, loss of initiative, memory deficits, postural instability, dysarthria and faecal incontinence. Neuropsychological assessment showed impulsivity, loss of overview, desinhibition, fluctuating deficits of attention, and memory disturbances. MRI-scanning of the brain revealed a cystic lesion along the right ventricle. The clinical picture and the findings of the other investigations are typical for dementia due to radiation encephalopathy. Such a long period between radiation and cognitive deterioration is rare, although it has been described before.


2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Holloway ◽  
Christian Battista ◽  
Stephan E. Vogel ◽  
Daniel Ansari

The ability to process the numerical magnitude of sets of items has been characterized in many animal species. Neuroimaging data have associated this ability to represent nonsymbolic numerical magnitudes (e.g., arrays of dots) with activity in the bilateral parietal lobes. Yet the quantitative abilities of humans are not limited to processing the numerical magnitude of nonsymbolic sets. Humans have used this quantitative sense as the foundation for symbolic systems for the representation of numerical magnitude. Although numerical symbol use is widespread in human cultures, the brain regions involved in processing of numerical symbols are just beginning to be understood. Here, we investigated the brain regions underlying the semantic and perceptual processing of numerical symbols. Specifically, we used an fMRI adaptation paradigm to examine the neural response to Hindu-Arabic numerals and Chinese numerical ideographs in a group of Chinese readers who could read both symbol types and a control group who could read only the numerals. Across groups, the Hindu-Arabic numerals exhibited ratio-dependent modulation in the left IPS. In contrast, numerical ideographs were associated with activation in the right IPS, exclusively in the Chinese readers. Furthermore, processing of the visual similarity of both digits and ideographs was associated with activation of the left fusiform gyrus. Using culture as an independent variable, we provide clear evidence for differences in the brain regions associated with the semantic and perceptual processing of numerical symbols. Additionally, we reveal a striking difference in the laterality of parietal activation between the semantic processing of the two symbols types.


2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Hong Min ◽  
Byoung Joon Kim ◽  
Kwang Ho Lee

We report the case of a patient who developed extensive brain lesions during fingolimod (FTY720) treatment in the TRANSFORMS study. His initial diagnosis was multiple sclerosis, but after encephalopathy anti-aquaporin4 antibody (anti-AQP4 Ab) was detected, it was changed to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. After treatment with fingolimod, he developed bilateral extensive brain lesions. The brain MRI showed lesions predominantly involving the right frontal and parietal lobes, with vasogenic edema and enhancement. He had residual encephalomalacia and no recurrence with steroid treatment over 3 years following withdrawal of fingolimod.


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