scholarly journals Karaktristik proses destilasi asap cair grade 3

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemas Ridhuan ◽  
Tri Cahyo Wahyudi ◽  
Danang Sulistiyo ◽  
Bahtera Anggara
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Distillation Apparatus ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Distillation Temperature ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
3Rd Grade

Distillation of liquid smoke is a process of heating liquid smoke based on the difference in its boiling point and then cooled to get liquid smoke with better quality. This heating aims to separate unwanted components in liquid smoke such as tar and benzopyrene. The process is strongly influenced by several things such as temperature and distillator. From these two measurements, several characteristics such as heating rate, distillation flow rate of liquid smoke, production capacity, heating temperature, steam temperature and distillation time, as well as the characteristics of the resulting liquid smoke can be known.The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of the 3rd grade liquid smoke distillation process with electric heating and water cooling condenser which includes the production capacity of liquid smoke and to determine the quality and quantity of liquid smoke, heating rate, electricity consumption, flow rate and to determine the efficiency of 2nd grade liquid smoke production.This research was conducted at the Laboratorium Teknik Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro, this study used a distillation apparatus made of Aluminium plate 1 mm thick, 180 mm in diameter, 250 mm high. Condenser with 0.5 inch diameter copper pipe 3,5 m long, 3 inch diameter PVC pipe, 3m long. The raw material for 3rd grade liquid smoke is 3 liters.The results obtained that the distillation apparatus has a capacity of 3 liters, the distillation temperature affects the rate of heating that occurs, namely the distillation temperature of 110oC, the heating rate is 707,42 J/second, the electricity consumption is 4,48kWh, the time is 45 minutes, and for a temperature of 120 oC the heating rate is 754,60 J/second, electricity consumption is 4,467 kWh in 65 minutes. The highest yield of liquid smoke is at a temperature of 110 oC, which is 2840 ml with a flow rate of 8,35 ml/minute and an efficiency of 94,6%, pH level of 2,15. And for a temperature of 120 oC it produces 2560 ml of liquid smoke, with a flow rate of 8,67 ml/minute and an efficiency of 85,3%, with a pH level of 2,10.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU, WAKTU, DAN KADAR AIR BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP PIROLISIS SERBUK PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seri Maulina ◽  
Feni Sari Putri
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
The Way

Palm plantation  produce waste in form of palm midribs in large number. One of the way to handle and increase the value of palm midrib waste is by pyrolysis. The particle size of raw material that used in this study was 23 – 50 mesh. The reduction of raw material size can increase the heating rate of pyrolysis. This study aimed to analyze the effect of temperature, time, and water content of raw material on the yield and pH of liquid smoke. Pyrolysis of palm midrib powder was processed at 150 oC, 200 oC, and 250 oC  with various time was 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. The study found that the yield of liquid smoke tend to increase with rising pyrolysis temperature and time until the condition when un-condensable gas was produced more so that the increase of pyrolysis temperature and time will further decrease the yield. The highest yield of liquid smoke obtained at 250 oC for 30 minutes, is 20,69%. The best pH of liquid smoke obtained at pyrolysis temperature 250 oC for 90 minutes, is 2,6.

Fine Silver Powders Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 411-417
Author(s):  
Anastasia A. Zvereva ◽  
Vladimir A. Shunin ◽  
Roman S. Voinkov ◽  
Konstantin L. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Silver Powder ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Silver Recovery ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Tapped Density

The article lays out the findings aimed to develop the fine silver powder production technique for electronics industry by selecting the variable parameters whereby a number of powder grades can be produced in the existing production environment (JSC “Uralelektromed”, Russia). The tests for significance of the parameters of silver recovery by ascorbic acid such as pH level of nitrate silver solution, dispersant flow rate, initial concentration of silver, mixing rate and solution temperature made it possible to choose optimum conditions to produce powders of 0.8-6.3 μm in particle size, of 3.0-4.2 g/cm3 in tapped density and with the specific surface area of 2300-4300 cm2/g. Crystalline silver of 99.98 % purity served as a raw material for obtaining silver powders.

Effect Of Equivalent Ratio (ER) On the Flow and Combustion Characteristics in A Typical Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) Cavity

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Arup Kumar Biswas ◽  
Wasu Suksuwan ◽  
Khamphe Phoungthong ◽  
Makatar Wae-hayee
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Rubble Pile

Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is thought to be the most favourable clean coal technology option from geological-engineering-environmental viewpoint (less polluting and high efficiency) for extracting energy from coal without digging it out or burning it on the surface. UCG process requires only injecting oxidizing agent (O2 or air with steam) as raw material, into the buried coal seam, at an effective ratio which regulates the performance of gasification. This study aims to evaluate the influence of equivalent ratio (ER) on the flow and combustion characteristics in a typical half tear-drop shape of UCG cavity which is generally formed during the UCG process. A flow modeling software, Ansys FLUENT is used to construct a 3-D model and to solve problems in the cavity. The boundary conditions are- (i) a mass-flow-inlet passing oxidizer (in this case, air) into the cavity, (ii) a fuel-inlet where the coal volatiles are originated and (iii) a pressure-outlet for flowing the product Syngas out of the cavity. A steady-state simulation has been run using k-? turbulence model. The mass flow rate of air varied according to an equivalent ratio (ER) of 0.16, 0.33, 0.49 and 0.82, while the fuel flow rate was fixed. The optimal condition of ER has been identified through observing flow and combustion characteristics, which looked apparently stable at ER 0.33. In general, the flow circulation mainly takes place around the ash-rubble pile. A high temperature zone is found at the air-releasing point of the injection pipe into the ash-rubble pile. This study could practically be useful to identify one of the vital controlling factors of gasification performance (i.e., ER impact on product gas flow characteristics) which might become a cost-effective solution in advance of commencement of any physical operation.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Produksi, Pencatatan Kartu Persediaan Dan Pemasaran Sale Pisang UD Sumber Alam Buana di Kabupaten Banyuwangi

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Dilla Cattleyana ◽  
Adytira Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Cutting Knife ◽  
Typical Food ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
E Mail

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) has an important role in the Indonesian economy, one of which can help the per capita income of the Indonesian state, especially in Banyuwangi Regency, as well as in the UM Banana Sale UD UD. Sumber Alam Buana, located at the eastern end of the island of Java, precisely in Banyuwangi. The UMKM is one of Banyuwangi's original typical food businesses from Ambon banana raw material, bearing in mind that typical food is identical to souvenirs (souvenirs) when visiting Banyuwangi, certainly not forgetting to bring and share them with you. However, there are problems in the field of production of UD Banana Banana UD, namely the low production capacity of processing banana raw materials because it still uses a cutting knife and the appropriate method has not been applied to record raw materials or finished goods so that the owner is less able to control the cycle of raw materials or finished goods. While in the marketing sector it is still conventional to be entrusted in a gift shop so that it can only wait for whether the product is sold or vice versa. The solution to the development activities of UMKM Sale Banana UD Sumber Alam Buana includes counseling and training using a banana chopper tool that is more efficient than a knife that has been used to chop banana raw materials. Whereas in terms of recording to help partners to control raw material inventory and finished goods efficiently and effectively, the need for training knowledge and assistance to owners and employees using a perpetual method stock card (inventory). To expand market share that has demanded the use of technology, training is held to make e-mail as a portal to access several e-commerce websites and to open online stores through social media such as Facebook and others. The results achieved in the Community Service program are the development of this business in terms of increasing production capacity, managing raw materials, expanding markets and increasing income.

scholarly journals PERSPECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL BUILDING STONE- LIMESTONE IN THE REPUBLIC SRPSKA

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Majstorović ◽  
Vladimir Malbašić ◽  
Miodrag Čelebić
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Building Stone ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Fragmentation Of Production ◽  
Republika Srpska

Curent situation of raw material base and study of limestone like construction stone deposits in the Republic of Serbian were relatively poorly considered during the last decades, and the main problems are the following: low production capacity fragmentation of production, needs for raw materials homogenization and delivering of standard quality, undeveloped market, the recession of the domestic economy and the economies in the region, the relatively low level of exploration by many deposits, especially lack of knowledge of the occurrence legality for certain types and quality of raw materials and lack of complete quality indicators for raw material, which sometimes causes the utilization of only the highest quality deposit parts.This paper provides an overview of active quarries in the Republic Srpska with exploitation of limestone like technical building stone and present an attempt to determine the basic quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the raw material and the current working conditions at these quarries. The purpose of such a review would be in an effort to create a clearer picture about production, market, social and other aspects of the limestone exploitation in the Republika Srpska and the realistic possibilities of maintaining and developing of these mineral resources utilization, which can certainlybe interesting for the development of many other industries in the Republic Srpska.

scholarly journals Measurements of Flat-Plate Milk Coolers

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064
Author(s):  
Vlastimil Nejtek ◽  
Jiří Fryč ◽  
Josef Los
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Throttle Valve ◽  
Plate Cooler

Measuring in laboratory conditions was performed with the aim to collect a sufficient quantity of measured data for the qualified application of flat-plate coolers in measuring under real operating conditions. The cooling water tank was filled with tap water; the second tank was filled with water at a temperature equivalent to freshly milked milk. At the same time, pumps were activated that delivered the liquids into the flat-plate cooler where heat energy was exchanged between the two media. Two containers for receiving the run-out liquid were placed on the outputs from the cooler; here, temperature was measured with electronic thermometer and volume was measured with calibrated graduated cylinder. Flow rate was regulated both on the side of the cooling fluid and on the side of the cooled liquid by means of a throttle valve. The measurements of regulated flow-rates were repeated several times and the final values were calculated using arithmetic average. To calculate the temperature coefficient and the amount of brought-in and let-out heat, the volume measured in litres was converted to weight unit. The measured values show that the volume of exchanged heat per weight unit increases with the decreasing flow-rate. With the increasing flow-rate on the throttled side, the flow-rate increases on the side without the throttle valve. This phenomenon is caused by pressure increase during throttling and by the consequent increase of the diameter of channels in the cooler at the expense of the opposite channels of the non-throttled part of the circuit. If the pressure is reduced, there is a pressure decrease on the external walls of opposite channels and the flow-rate increases again. This feature could be utilised in practice: a pressure regulator on one side could regulate the flow-rate on the other side. The operating measurement was carried out on the basis of the results of laboratory measurements. The objective was to determine to what extent the use of flat-plate coolers under specific conditions results in cost reduction and improved milk cooling process. The measurement was performed in several cycles. The first measurement took place in the existing system without the use of the flat-plate cooler. The volume of drawn milk was monitored throughout the milking process along with its temperature, temperature in the tank and electricity consumption of the cooling system. At the second stage, the flat-plate cooler was introduced into the cooling process, which was followed by monitoring the milk and cooling water volume, their temperature, temperature in the tank and electricity consumption of the cooling system. The measured data indicate considerable power cost reduction if upstream flat-plate coolers are applied.

scholarly journals KINETIC OF ESTERIFICATION OF CITRIC ACID IN PRODUCTION OF TRIALKYL CITRATES

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Sushkova ◽  
Svetlana V. Levanova ◽  
Iliya L. Glazko ◽  
Kristina V. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Reaction Orders ◽  
Production Technologies

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a body of a great many of composite materials and takes one of the leading places in thermoplastic polymers production capacity. Annual intake of PVC in the world (data of 2014 years) achieves to 35 mtpa. and has a consistent trend to further increase. PVC recycling is impossible without using of plasticizers. Nowdays scopes of use and plasticizers market used in the polymer materials production intended for contact with alimentary products, for medical equipment and children's toys production, are upon essential impact of policy statements of health, safety, security, environment. Plasticizers with citric acid – trialkyl citrates have needed properties: hazard class 4, high plasticize ability, full miscibility with polymer, high boiling and flash points, low volatility. The citric acid is available renewable raw produced from saccharified residues; world production volume is 1.6 mtpa. There are no local plasticizers production technologies with citric acid. Development of plasticizers production technologies with renewable raw material is relevant objective. Purpose of research is to create method of producing of trialkyl citrate, study of esterification regularities of citric acid with low molecular alcohol over different catalysts. In this research, the kinetic of performances of citric acid esterification by pentanol was estimated over different catalysts. Reaction orders were defined using three catalysts: sulphuric acid, orthophosphoric acid and p-toluene sulphonic acid. The rate constants and activation energies of esterification were found. Kinetic formulas were obtained. The time of esterification was defined to achieve 95 % conversion of citric acid. The time varies from 1.5 to 5 h depending on used catalyst. For citation:Sushkova S.V., Levanova S.V., Glazko I.L., Pavlova K.V. Kinetic of esterification of citric acid in production of trialkyl citrates. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N2. P. 74-78. 

scholarly journals Fishing Fleet Development Program: Expectations аnd Realities

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
Elena Klippenshtein ◽  
◽  
Yulia Morozova ◽  
Aleksey Shulikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Program Development ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fishing Fleet ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Quota Allocation

The review is devoted to the analysis of expert opinions on the interim results of the implementation of the program ‘Development of the fisheries complex’. The high rate of reduction of the fishing fleet, the increasing risks of a lack of production capacity and restrictions on the increase in the volume of production of aquatic biological resources, the low degree of processing of catches on ships and the lack of innovations in the fisheries complex were prerequisites for the development of the Federal Program ‘Development of the Fisheries Complex’, adopted in 2014. It was supposed to solve a number of tasks that ensure the departure from the raw material orientation of exports by stimulating the production of products with a high share of added value through the development of the scientific and technical potential of the fisheries complex. Its implementation has indeed contributed to a sharp increase in investment in the modernization of the existing fishing fleet and in the construction of new vessels due to the change in the principle of quota allocation. However, the analysis of the implementation of investment projects shows a steady lag behind the deadlines for putting new ships into operation, which leads to negative financial consequences for investor companies. Due to the late commissioning of fishing vessels, investor companies are unable to catch products and meet their financial obligations to financial institutions in a timely manner. The change in the historical principle of quota allocation and the introduction of a new ‘keel quota’ mechanism, deprives fishing enterprises of a certain part of the potential income with which these enterprises intended to cover previously made investments in the modernization and re-equipment of the fleet and coastal processing. It can be stated that at present this program supports only the shipbuilding complex, ignoring the financial interests of both fishing and fish processing enterprises. The author’s position is based on the fact that it is necessary to carry out not only the modernization and renewal of the fleet, but also to develop technologies for deep and waste-free processing of extracted aquatic bioresources within the framework of existing food programs. In terms of organizing the processing of waste generated during the extraction of aquatic bioresources, it is necessary to adjust the program ‘Development of the fisheries complex’

scholarly journals Perbaikan Kemasan Kerupuk Singkong (Samiler) di UKM Karya Lestari Jaya Tulungagung

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Dadang Hermawan ◽  
Andy Hardianto ◽  
Arief Rizki Fadhillah
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Increase Production Efficiency ◽  
Packaging Process ◽  
The People ◽  
Continuous Band ◽  
Break Even Point

Cassava or cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of Indonesia's local carbohydrate sources which ranks third largest after rice and corn. One of the uses of cassava is cassava crackers (samiler). Cassava crackers (samiler) are very popular snacks among the people, made from cassava, thin round in shape and taste delicious. Production Capacity of Karya Lestari Jaya's UKM in producing cassava crackers (samiler) in 1 day is ± 20 kg of material or 5 kg of dried cassava crackers (samiler). In one month cassava cracker orders (samiler) can reach ± 80-120 kg. The production process of cassava crackers (samiler) goes through several stages, including: raw material process, printing process, steam process, drying process and packaging process. The problem that can be identified in the field of production is the limited equipment in the packaging process and weighing the samiler cassava crackers. Karya Lestari Jaya's UKM partners in calculating product prices per package have not met the break even point (BEP) standard, so it cannot be maximized in business management. From the above conditions, the method and results of this service are providing technology transfer by providing vaccum sealer machines, continuous band sealers, and digital scales as well as training in the use of tools and training in Break Even Point (BEP) so as to increase production efficiency of cassava crackers (samiler). ABSTRAKSingkong atau ubikayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) merupakan salah satu sumber  karbohidrat lokal Indonesia yang menduduki urutan ketiga terbesar setelah padi dan jagung. Salah satu pemanfaatan singkong adalah kerupuk singkong (samiler).  Kerupuk singkong (samiler) adalah makanan ringan yang sangat populer dikalangan masyarakat, terbuat dari singkong , berbentuk bundar tipis dan rasanya gurih. Kapasitas Produksi UKM Karya Lestari Jaya dalam memproduksi kerupuk singkong (samiler) dalam 1 hari sebanyak ± 20 kg bahan atau 5 kg kerupuk singkong (samiler) kering. Dalam satu bulan pesanan kerupuk singkong (samiler) dapat mencapai ± 80-120 kg. Proses Produksi kerupuk singkong (samiler) melalui beberapa tahapan, antara lain : proses bahan baku, proses pencetakan, proses steam, proses penjemuran dan proses pengemasan. Permasalahan yang dapat diidentifikasi dalam bidang produksi adalah keterbatasan peralatan dalam proses packaging dan penimbangan kerupuk singkong samiler. Mitra UKM Karya Lestari Jaya dalam melakukan perhitungan harga produk per kemasan belum memenuhi standar break even point (BEP), sehingga tidak dapat maksimal dalam pengelolaan usaha. Dari kondisi diatas maka metode dan hasil dari pengabdian ini adalah memberikan transfer teknologi dengan memberikan Mesin vaccum sealer, continuous band sealer, dan timbangan digital serta melakukan pelatihan penggunaan alat dan pelatihan Break Even Point (BEP) sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi produksi Kerupuk singkong (samiler).

scholarly journals PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT MELALUI PROGRAM PKM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI PERMEN JELLY BUAH DAN JELLY SAYURAN DI KOTA MALANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainul Arifin ◽  
Istutik Istutik ◽  
Amir Kusnanto
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Production Facilities

Candy is a snack that is loved by children and adolescents, because it tastes sweet, has a distinctive aroma and is affordable. Many types of candy both made from artificial ingredients and from natural ingredients. Specially soft and chewy jelly candy is much loved by young people.A businessman partner named Dian Falah Fitriyana, ST is located at Jl. Ikan Hiu II / 19 Tunjungsekar Village, Lowokwaru District, Malang City innovates by producing jelly candy from fruit raw materials (apple jelly candy and dragon fruit jelly candy) and made from vegetable raw materials (Moringa jelly candy and carrot jelly candy). As it is known that apples, dragon fruit and vegetable Moringa and carrots have many health benefits. Raw material for jelly candy is only taken from the juice and not added with preservatives.The purpose of the PKM program is to increase the production capacity of partner entrepreneurs and provide online marketing training, training and accounting assistance, so that partner entrepreneurs can make financial reports needed for a productive business.The problem of micro entrepreneurs in general is not being able to increase their production because of limited capital, which has the effect of not being able to add or replace their more modern production facilities. Marketing limitations and not doing financial records properly. The Community Partnership Program (PKM), which provides production support equipment and management improvements, will certainly increase production outputThe solutions offered by the PKM program to increase the production capacity of partner entrepreneurs are to provide juicers, sterilitators, sealers, digital scales, LPG ovens, containers, trays, containers. Meanwhile, to improve financial management and product marketing, the Team provides training and mentoring in accounting and marketing training. It is expected that partner entrepreneurs are able to make financial records (cash flow) and market their products through internet marketing.Partner entrepreneurs with the help of new equipment from the PKM program are targeting production to increase by 50% to 100%. This optimistic target is achieved due to juice, sterilitators, chopper machines, large ovens and more modern production facilities, entrepreneurs will be able to serve the demands of more consumers.The progress of PKM program activities has reached 70% of the target, but there are still activities to assist in making financial reporting and online marketing.

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