scholarly journals Quo Vadis, earnings management? Analysis of manipulation determinants in Central European environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-669
Author(s):  
Katarina Valaskova ◽  
Peter Adamko ◽  
Katarina Frajtova Michalikova ◽  
Jaroslav Macek

Research background: The paper investigates the earnings management phenomenon in the context of Central European countries, attempting to identify the factors and incentives that can influence earnings management behavior on a sample of 8,156 enterprises from Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. Purpose of the article: The main purpose of the manuscript is to prove that there are significant differences in earnings management practices (measured by discretionary accruals) across the countries and to find the firm-specific features that influence the way enterprises manage their earnings. Methods: The modified Jones model was used to calculate the discretionary accruals, which are further analyzed across the countries. The statistically significant differences were confirmed across the countries. Thus, the impact of the economic sector, firm size, firm age, legal form, and ownership structure on earnings management behavior is studied by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc tests then revealed the significant differences across the categories of the investigated earnings management determinants. To find the association between the particular earnings management practice (income-increasing or income-decreasing manipulation), correspondence analysis was used to visualize the mutual relations. Findings & value added: The results of the realized investigation revealed that the economic sector is one of the most important earnings management determinants, as its statistical significance was confirmed in each analyzed country. The correspondence analysis determined specific sectors, where income-increasing manipulation with earnings is practiced (NACE codes F, J, K, M, N), and vice versa, income-decreasing earnings management is characteristic for enterprises in sectors A, C, D, G or L. In specific economic conditions, firm size is also a relevant indicator (Hungary), or firm age and legal form and ownership structure (Poland). The recognition of crucial earnings management incentives may be helpful for authorities, policymakers, analysts and auditors when identifying various techniques and practices of earnings manipulation which could vary across the sectors and taking necessary measures to mitigate potential financial risks.

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Fensy Oktavia Komala

The purpose of this reseacrh is to investigate Earnings management differences accross companies according to its size. Previous researches show company size tend to affect earnings management behavior. Sample are collected from companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange year over 2003-2009. Using Chi-Square Test, the result shows that statistically there is no differences of Earnings management magnitude between small, medium and large companies. Keywords:  Earnings Management, Discretionary Accruals, Non Discretionary Acruals, Total Accruals.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
STEFANI MAGDALENA CHANDRA ◽  
INDRA ARIFIN DJASHAN

The aim of this research is to provide empirical evidence about the effect of profitability, leverage, firm size, audit quality, firm age, board of commissioner, board of directors, audit comittee, and managerial ownership on earnings management. Population of this research are non-financial companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2012-2016. The samples of this study are 310 data using purposive sampling method. This research uses multiple regression method for data analysis. The result of this research shows that board of commissioner have effect on earnings management but , leverage, firm size, audit quality, firm age, board of directors, audit comittee, and managerial ownership do not have effect on earnings management.


MODUS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Cahyo Indraswono

Abstrak  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh struktur kepemilikan pada perusahaan cross listed terhadap discretionary accrual manajemen laba model Jones modifikasi dengan legal sistem sebagai variabel pemoderasi dalam hubungan antara struktur kepemilikan perusahaan cross listed dan discretionary accrual manajemen laba. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengggunakan sampel lima puluh perusahaan Asia yang terdaftar di New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) pada tahun 2011-2013. Salah satu indikator penilaian kinerja perusahaan adalah besarnya kompensasi yang diterima oleh manajer, hal ini menjadi motivasi tindakan manajemen laba. Tindakan manajemen laba dapat diminimalisasi dengan cara memonitor pihak manajemen dengan menggunakan proporsi kepemilikan oleh pihak luar di dalam perusahaan. Bagi perusahaan yang terdaftar di pasar modal asing (cross listed), legal sistem suatu negara diduga mampu memperkuat pengaruh struktur kepemilikan perusahaan terhadap tindakan manajemen laba karena negara dengan legal sistem yang baik mampu memperkecil kemungkinan tindakan manajemen laba. Manajemen laba diukur menggunakan model Jones yang dimodifikasi dengan discretionary accruals sebagai proksi dari manajemen laba.Alat uji statistik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah multiple regression. Penelitian ini memperoleh bukti bahwa struktur kepemilikan institusional perusahaan cross listed memiliki pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap discretionary accruals manajemen laba, sedangkan legal sistem tidak mampu memoderasi pengaruh struktur kepemilikan perusahaan cross listed terhadap discretionary accruals manajemen laba yang dilakukan perusahaan. Hal ini terjadi karena pasar modal NYSE berada di negara dengan proteksi investor yang kuat sehingga legal sistem perusahaan Asia tersebut tidak mampu memperkuat pengaruh struktur kepemilikan terhadap tindakan manajemen laba. Kata kunci: Struktur Kepemilikan Perusahaan Cross Listed, Legal Sistem, Discretionary Accruals Manajemen Laba dan Model Jones Modifikasi.  Abstract This study aimed to get empirical evidence about the influence of ownership structure cross listed company on earnings management with the legal system as a moderating variable in the relationship between ownership structure cross listed company and discretionary accruals earnings management model Jones Modified. This research was carried out by using a sample of fifty Asian companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 2011-2013. One indicator of corporate performance assessment is the amount of compensation received by the manager, where this can be the motivation of earnings management action. Earnings management measures can be minimized by monitoring the management by using the proportion of ownership by outsiders in the company. For companies listed on foreign capital markets, the legal system of a country believed to be able to strengthen the company's ownership structure influence on earnings management measures for countries with good legal system is able to minimize the likelihood of earnings management action. Earnings management is measured using the modified Jones models with discretionary accruals as a proxy for earnings management. Statistical test equipment used in this research is multiple regression. This study obtained evidence that the structure of institutional ownership cross listed company has a significant negative effect on discretionary accruals earnings management, while the legal system is not able to moderate the influence of ownership structure cross listed company on discretionary accruals earnings management of the company. This occurs because the NYSE stock market is in a country with strong investor protection that the legal system of the Asian company is not able to strengthen the influence of ownership structure on earnings management action. Keywords: Ownership Structure Cross Listed Company, Legal System, Discretionary Accruals Earnings Management and Modified Jones Model.


2020 ◽  
pp. 097226292095342
Author(s):  
Cynthia P. Cudia ◽  
Aeson L. Dela Cruz ◽  
Madeleine B. Estabillo

Two types of earnings management (EM), opportunistic and efficient motive, were presented in the literature. This article aimed to investigate the type of EM employed by publicly listed property sector firms in the Philippines. Furthermore, the study also examined the effect of firm characteristics and corporate governance practices on firm’s level of EM using discretionary accruals. In conducting this study, panel data econometric technique, particularly the ordinary least squares was used to determine which among the firm-specific characteristics (profitability, leverage, cash flows from operations and firm size) or corporate governance mechanisms (CEO duality, board size, board independence and audit quality) significantly influence publicly listed property sector firms’ EM activities using discretionary accruals. Results show that these firms employ efficient type of EM. Also, cash flows from operations, firm size and CEO duality are statistically significant predictors of EM for property firms. Except for cash flows from operations, these results contradict with prior studies when the same model was subjected for industrial firms. Such similarities and differences from previous studies warrant for further analysis on the peculiarities and intrinsic characteristics of the industrial and property sector in the Philippines. Such will point to certain policy frameworks in enabling EM to be harnessed in satisfying the firms’ bottom lines.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Abdul Slamet ◽  
Provita Wijayanti

Tax is an obligation that must be paid by the company, the greater the income the company the greater the tax due. Management expects the tax payment detail to allow management to do the engineering to minimize the income tax burden. This study aims to examine the effects of changes in income tax rates that Law. 36 of 2008 on Income Tax on discretionary accrual due to a decrease in income tax rates between 2009 and the Agency for the year 2010 is the year 2009 by 28% and in 2010 dropped to 25%. In addition, this study also aims to determine the impact of tax and non tax incentives as well as the percentage of shares traded on the Stock Exchange of earnings management behavior. Sample of this study is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, which has published its financial statements from 2009-2010. Methods of analysis in this study using multiple regression analysis to determine the effect of independent variables earnings pressure, debt level, earningsbath, firm size, managerial ownership and the percentage of shares) against the dependent variable (discretionary accruals) and using independent sample t-test for the different test equipment. independent sample t-test was used to examine differences in the level of discretionary accruals between 2009 and 2010 after a decline in income tax rates. The results showed that before and after the reduction in tax rates, the management was not convicted of discretionary accruals to make savings income. This suggests that management in Indonesia did not take action to make opportunistic earnings management in order to decrease the tax rate Agency 2010. From the regression resultsof tax incentives and the percentage of shares traded on the Stock Exchange a significant effect on discretionary accruals, non-tax incentives only to have a significant earnings pressure on discretionary accruals, while the level of debt, earnings bath, firm size and managerial ownership has no significant effect on discretionary accruals.


2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Noor Hasimah M. Yacob ◽  
Nor'azam Mastuki ◽  
Rohaya Md Noor

This paper investigates whether Malaysian publicly listed companies in 10 sectors use deferred tax and discretionary accruals as tools to manage earnings in order to meet earning targets: 1) to avoid an earning decline and 2) to avoid a loss. This research examines financial statements prepared during the period 2003 to 2005 when the Malaysian Accounting Standard Board (MASB) 25 Accounting for Income Taxes was in place. This study uses Burgstahler and Dichev's approach to identify earnings management firms. Healy's model and a modified Jones model are also employed to identify and separate accruals. The results show no evidence that deferred tax has been used by firms as a tool to manage earnings during the period of study. The finding suggests that the implementation of the MASB 25 (now known as Financial Reporting Standard (FRS) 112), which is more comprehensive and specific than lAS 12, has reduced the use of deferred tax by firms in managing their earnings. In contrast, the findings of this study provide evidence that firms use discretionary accruals to avoid reporting losses. The results ofthis study may be of use to researchers studying earnings management behavior and for standard setters with regard to establishing and monitoring standards.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Choiru Rujiin ◽  
Sukirman Sukirman

This study aims to examine the effect of firm size, leverage, profitability, domestic institutional ownership structure, foreign ownership structure, local individual ownership structure, and firm age on enterprise risk management disclosure. The population in this study was a manufacturing firm registered on the IDX in 2013-2017 with a purposive sampling technique and produced 7 samples with 35 units of analysis. The data in this study are secondary data in the form of annual reports with data collection techniques in the form of documentation. This study uses multiple regression data analysis technique. The results showed that firm size and firm age had a significant positive effect on enterprise risk management disclosure, while leverage, profitability, domestic institutional ownership structure, foreign ownership structure, local individual ownership structure had a significant negative effect towards enterprise risk management disclosures. The conclusion of this study is that only firm size and firm age have a significant positive effect on enterprise risk management disclosure, which means that the larger the size of the firm and the longer the firm stands, the higher the disclosure.


Author(s):  
Efva Octavina Donata Gozali ◽  
Ruth Samantha Hamzah ◽  
Chomsah Novianti Pratiwi ◽  
Marissa Octari

The study aims to examine the association of firms characteristics comprise of firm age, firm size, leverage, and profitability to earnings management (EM). The data is collected from listed Singaporean corporation in Singapore stock exchange (SGX) in the period of 2017 and 2018. Purposive sampling and panel data regression were employed as the sampling and analysis method, respectively. Our results are based on a large sample of 852 firm-year observations. The results show that firm age and firm size significantly affected EM, meanwhile, leverage and profitability indicate insignificant effects to EM. In addition, these results provide information to investors and potential investors regarding future investment decisions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Dewi Kusuma Wardani ◽  
Pipit Dayu Isbela

ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine and analyze the influence of business strategy and firm characteristics (firm size, leverage, age of company and profitability) to earnings management. Population in this research is manufacturing company of industrial sector of consumer goods listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange year 2012 until 2016. Selection of sample by using purpsive sampling method and there are 16 companies that meet the required sample criteria. The method used in this study is multiple regression. The results of this study indicate that leverage has a significant positive effect on earningsmanagement and firm age has a significant negative effect on earnings management, while firm size, firm age and profitability have no significant effect on earnings managementABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh dari strategi bisnis dan karakteristik perusahan (ukuran perusahaan, leverage, umur perusahaandan profitabilitas) terhadap manajemen laba. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri barangkonsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2012 sampai 2016. Pemilihan sampel dengan menggunakan metode purpsive sampling dan terdapat 16 perusahaan yang memenuhi kriteria sampel yang dibutuhkan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa leverage berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap manajemen laba dan umur perusahaan berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap manajemen laba, sedangkan ukuran perusahaan, umur perusahaan dan profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen laba.


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