Species Differences of Imperative Mood of Russian Verbs in the Linguodidactic Aspect

2018 ◽  
pp. 224-235
Author(s):  
E. A. Bazhenova ◽  
◽  
C. Celone ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. DeLamater ◽  
Walter R. Courtenay ◽  
Cecil Whitaker

Comparative scanning electron microscopy studies of fish scales of different orders, families, genera and species within genera have demonstrated differences which warrant elaboration. These differences in detail appear to be sufficient to act as “fingerprints”, at least, for family differences. To date, the lateral line scales have been primarily studied. These demonstrate differences in the lateral line canals; the pattern of ridging with or without secondary protuberances along the edges; the pattern of spines or their absence on the anterior border of the scales; the presence or absence of single or multiple holes on the ventral and dorsal sides of the lateral line canal covers. The distances between the ridges in the pattern appear likewise to be important.A statement of fish scale structure and a comparison of family and species differences will be presented.The authors wish to thank Dr. Donald Marzalek and Mr. Wallace Charm of the Marine and Atmospheric Laboratory of the University of Miami and Dr. Sheldon Moll and Dr. Richard Turnage of AMR for their exhaustive help in these preliminary studies.


2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloísa M. Guerreiro Martins ◽  
Antonio C. de A. Moura ◽  
Christa Finkenwirth ◽  
Michael Griesser ◽  
Judith M. Burkart

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
N. A. Nikolina

This article sets out to analyse forms of the imperative mood, which bear the indirect meaning of obligation. The aim is to characterise the structure and semantics of phrases, in which quasi-imperative forms are used. This analysis determines the direction of grammatical transposition and its nature. It is suggested that the imperative forms with the meaning of obligation are interpretative in nature and indirectly reflect the alleged expression of will. The analysis uses descriptive and structural-semantic methods. The semantic groups of clauses that include the imperative mood forms under consideration are distinguished. The features of the use of imperative forms with the meaning of obligation in the modern Russian language are described.


2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Jacobs ◽  
Yingmei Feng ◽  
Eline Craeyveld ◽  
Joke Lievens ◽  
Jan Snoeys ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
William D. Hopkins ◽  
Cheryl D. Stimpson ◽  
Chet C. Sherwood

Bonobos and chimpanzees are two closely relates species of the genus Pan, yet they exhibit marked differences in anatomy, behaviour and cognition. For this reason, comparative studies on social behaviour, cognition and brain organization between these two species provide important insights into evolutionary models of human origins. This chapter summarizes studies on socio-communicative competencies and social cognition in chimpanzees and bonobos from the authors’ laboratory in comparison to previous reports. Additionally, recent data on species differences and similarities in brain organization in grey matter volume and distribution is presented. Some preliminary findings on microstructural brain organization such as neuropil space and cellular distribution in key neurotransmitters and neuropeptides involved in social behaviour and cognition is presented. Though these studies are in their infancy, the findings point to potentially important differences in brain organization that may underlie bonobo and chimpanzees’ differences in social behaviour, communication and cognition. Les bonobos et les chimpanzés sont deux espèces du genus Pan prochement liées, néanmoins ils montrent des différences anatomiques, comportementales et cognitives marquées. Pour cette raison, les études comparatives sur le comportement social, la cognition et l’organisation corticale entre ces deux espèces fournissent des idées sur les modèles évolutionnaires des origines humaines. Dans ce chapitre, nous résumons des études sur les compétences socio-communicatives et la cognition sociale chez les chimpanzés et les bonobos de notre laboratoire en comparaison avec des rapports précédents. En plus, nous présentons des données récentes sur les différences et similarités d’organisation corticale du volume et distribution de la matière grise entre espèces. Nous présentons plus de résultats préliminaires sur l’organisation corticale microstructurale comme l’espace neuropile et la division cellulaire dans des neurotransmetteurs clés et les neuropeptides impliqués dans le comportement social et la cognition. Bien que ces études sont dans leur enfance, les résultats montrent des différences d’organisation corticale importantes qui sont à la base des différences de comportement social, la communication et la cognition entre les bonobos et les chimpanzés.


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