scholarly journals Production and Circulation of Technical Knowledge on Building Sites at the End of the Eighteenth Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Valérie Nègre
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Building Site ◽  
Know How ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract This article aims to shed light on the exchange of technical knowledge between architects, master craftsmen and workmen on building sites at the end of the eighteenth century. In the Age of Enlightenment, major building sites were places where a large number of skilled practitioners of various ranks met (engineers, architects, contractors, experts, craftsmen). These were therefore places where the exchange of knowledge and know-how occurred but also places of struggle for power and knowledge. The article examines these exchanges and struggles using the case study of the building site for the dome of the Halle au Blé in Paris (1782-1783).

scholarly journals Une communauté d’artistes et d’artisans français à l’étranger : Le cas des sculpteurs au château royal de Stockholm au XVIIIe siècle

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Michel
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Work Teams ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Royal Palace ◽  
Know How ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
And Training ◽  
Swedish Royal Academy

A Community of French Artists and Craftsmen Abroad: A Case Study of theSculptors of the Royal Palace of Stockholm in the Eighteenth Century Following the approach of Linda Hinners’s research, this article comprises a study of French sculptors who worked on the construction of Stockholm’s royal palace in the eighteenth century. Indeed, between 1732 and 1765, the superintendent of royal buildings had recruited, through the action of social networks, thirty French sculptors. To encourage them to leave France, the superintendent offered them very attractive conditions of life and work, and the prospects of a career. Once there, these sculptors created the royal palace decoration from the sketches of the Swedish architects. Beyond their artistic ability, the Swedes utilized their great experience of construction work and technical know-how. Soon, they took over the management of the sculpture works and training of young Swedish craftsmen present on the site. With the recruitment of French experts, the Swedes therefore had skilled and knowledgeable work teams, which created autonomous production workshops. These latter also underwent a modernization process induced by the creation of the Superintendence of royal buildings and the Swedish Royal Academy. Thus, the French appear to have been the actors of a modern artistic policy that allowed Sweden to utilize the French aesthetic model.

scholarly journals The Role Of Technical Know-How In Determining The Legal Nature Of A Franchise Contract

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Mohammed I Abu El-Haija
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Know How ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Compliance Problem ◽  
Shed Light

In view of the importance of a franchise contract in disseminating knowledge, and improvement, this study came to shed light on technical knowledge and its impact on determining the legal nature of a franchise contract. It also illuminated the possibility of the existence of a weak idea or a compliance problem in this type of contract. Strengthening of concession contracts was recommended, particularly relating to the industrial sector, which would inevitably lead to development and prosperity.

scholarly journals EDITORIAL

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALLAN BADLEY
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Know How ◽  
Critical Editions ◽  
Performing Editions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shed Light

Although musicology as a discipline has expanded enormously over the past few decades, many of its core interests remain much as they were a century ago, when the primary task facing scholars was to take stock of what had been written and by whom. We now possess good if not yet definitive catalogues of many composers’ oeuvres and in some cases complete or near-complete critical editions. Less systematically organized performing editions of works by non-canonical composers have also begun to appear in increasing numbers in recent years to complement the pioneering surveys in publications like Denkmäler der Tonkunst in Österreich and Musica Britannica. Systematic studies of contemporary documents relating to individual musicians and musical establishments have proved exceptionally useful, though much of the picture remains obscure. Thus, after a century of unremitting labour, we have a musical chart that is extravagantly detailed in some areas yet frustratingly blank in others. The chance survival of documents enables us, for example, to know how many coffee spoons Leopold Hofmann owned at the time of his death, yet few if any documents survive that shed light on his personal and professional life. None the less, in spite of the incompleteness of our knowledge we possess an incomparably more detailed understanding of music in the eighteenth century than seemed possible even twenty years ago.

Emerging Research

2017 ◽  
pp. 116-125
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Transactional Distance ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Group Collaboration ◽  
Know How ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Effective Group ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter provides an overview of current research prompted by the findings of the case study explored through this book. The focus of the research is to increase understanding of the factors influencing the transactional distance between students and students. This is largely formed as a consequence of the collaboration that takes place in class during the IGL activities. The first research project aims to shed light on the reasons why students would or would not recommend a flipped class to their friends. This research is quantitative because it is based on measurable answers given by students to questions on a survey. The second research project is qualitative, and seeks to go beyond the survey answers to uncover the reasons behind the answers using focus groups as a tool. The last piece of research is motivated by the conclusions of a number of previous studies indicating that students do not effectively know how to collaborate within groups. This research involves the development and introduction of an up-front leadership/teaming module for flipped classes under the hypothesis that it will enhance effective group collaboration throughout the semester.

Lord Dacre and the Politics of the Scottish Enlightenment

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
North East ◽  
The Social ◽  
Romantic Movement ◽  
Scottish History

Hugh Trevor-Roper (Lord Dacre) made several iconoclastic interventions in the field of Scottish history. These earned him a notoriety in Scottish circles which, while not undeserved, has led to the reductive dismissal of Trevor-Roper's ideas, particularly his controversial interpretation of the Scottish Enlightenment, as the product of Scotophobia. In their indignation Scottish historians have missed the wider issues which prompted Trevor-Roper's investigation of the Scottish Enlightenment as a fascinating case study in European cultural history. Notably, Trevor-Roper used the example of Scotland to challenge Weberian-inspired notions of Puritan progressivism, arguing instead that the Arminian culture of north-east Scotland had played a disproportionate role in the rise of the Scottish Enlightenment. Indeed, working on the assumption that the essence of Enlightenment was its assault on clerical bigotry, Trevor-Roper sought the roots of the Scottish Enlightenment in Jacobitism, the counter-cultural alternative to post-1690 Scotland's Calvinist Kirk establishment. Though easily misconstrued as a dogmatic conservative, Trevor-Roper flirted with Marxisant sociology, not least in his account of the social underpinnings of the Scottish Enlightenment. Trevor-Roper argued that it was the rapidity of eighteenth-century Scotland's social and economic transformation which had produced in one generation a remarkable body of political economy conceptualising social change, and in the next a romantic movement whose powers of nostalgic enchantment were felt across the breadth of Europe.

The Nonconformist Inheritance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
John Bunyan ◽  
John Wesley ◽  
Religious Attitudes ◽  
Pilgrim's Progress ◽  
The Many ◽  
John Owen

This chapter analyses the editions, abridgements, and recommendations of texts by seventeenth-century nonconformists that were made by eighteenth-century dissenters, Methodists, and Church of England evangelicals. The nonconformist writers they chose include Joseph Alleine, Richard Baxter, John Flavel, John Owen, and John Bunyan. The editors and recommenders include Philip Doddridge, John Wesley, Edward Williams, Benjamin Fawcett, George Burder, John Newton, William Mason, and Thomas Scott. Detailed accounts are provided of the large number of Baxter’s works that were edited, notably A Call to the Unconverted and The Saints Everlasting Rest, and a case study is devoted to the many annotated editions of Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress and the ways in which they were used. The editors took into account length, intelligibility, religious attitudes, and cost, and sometimes criticized their rivals’ versions on theological grounds.

‘The Days of Thy Youth’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bouldin
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Women Educators ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Printed Word ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Quaker Women

This chapter explores the range of ideas and activities that engaged Quaker women educators during the eighteenth century, a critical period in the development of Friends’ educational efforts. It analyses key writings of Deborah Bell, Rebecca Jones, and Priscilla Wakefield. These women adopted a variety of approaches to instructing youth, ranging from informal mentorship to formal teaching that stressed a ‘guarded’ (Quaker-only) environment. Bell, Jones, and Wakefield shed light on the leading role that Quaker women played in the education and socialization of young Friends. Their writings highlight the importance of the meetinghouse, the schoolhouse, and the printed word as public venues for women who sought to instil Quaker values in future generations.

Poetics and subjectivities between classicism and Romanticism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kahn ◽  
Mark Lipovetsky ◽  
Irina Reyfman ◽  
Stephanie Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Human Subjectivity ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Russian Poetry ◽  
Development Of Identity ◽  
Further Development

In the context of Sentimentalism in the 1770s, literary culture opened up to representations of human subjectivity. The chapter considers genres of poetry devoted to the themes of pleasure, death, and posterity. It also considers the spaces of poetry and modes of exchange, whether through the album, the salon, and the verse epistle. Two case studies explore the use of different literary forms in the further development of identity, individual and also authorial. The first looks at Radishchev’s experiment in writing a fictional diary as a psychological exercise. The second examines the tradition of imitation of Horace’s Monument poem in Russian poetry in the eighteenth century as well as by later poets, such as Pushkin and Brodsky. The case study shows how these Russian versions express changing ideas about imitation and originality as well as poets’ concern with posterity.

scholarly journals Participative decision making in schools in individualist and collectivist cultures: The micro-politics behind distributed leadership

2021 ◽  
pp. 174114322110013
Author(s):  
Mor Hodaya Or ◽  
Izhak Berkovich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Distributed Leadership ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Public High Schools ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Case Selection ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Shed Light

Despite the popularity of distributed leadership theory, the investigation of the micro-political aspects of such models have scarcely been explored, and insights on the cultural variety of distributed practices in schools are limited. The present study aimed to explore what micro-political aspects emerge in participative decision making in collectivist and individualist cultures. To this end, a multiple case study method was adopted, focusing on four Israeli public high schools. Schools were chosen to represent an ‘extreme’ case selection rationale: two non-religious urban schools representing individualist cases, and two communal schools in religious kibbutzim representing communal schools. The analysis shed light on three micro-political points of comparison between the prototypes of participative decision making in collectivist and individualist cultures related to control, actors, and stage crafting. The findings and implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Towards DC Energy Efficient Homes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6005
Author(s):  
Daniel Villanueva ◽  
Moisés Cordeiro-Costas ◽  
Andrés E. Feijóo-Lorenzo ◽  
Antonio Fernández-Otero ◽  
Edelmiro Miguez-García
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Shed Light

The aim of this paper is to shed light on the question regarding whether the integration of an electric battery as a part of a domestic installation may increase its energy efficiency in comparison with a conventional case. When a battery is included in such an installation, two types of electrical conversion must be considered, i.e., AC/DC and DC/AC, and hence the corresponding losses due to these converters must not be forgotten when performing the analysis. The efficiency of the whole system can be increased if one of the mentioned converters is avoided or simply when its dimensioning is reduced. Possible ways to achieve this goal can be: to use electric vehicles as DC suppliers, the use of as many DC home devices as possible, and LED lighting or charging devices based on renewables. With all this in mind, several scenarios are proposed here in order to have a look at all possibilities concerning AC and DC powering. With the aim of checking these scenarios using real data, a case study is analyzed by operating with electricity consumption mean values.

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