scholarly journals “The Way We Build”: Craft, Innovation, and Sustainability in Japanese House-Carpentry

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-87
Author(s):  
Gregory Clancey
Keyword(s):  
Small Firms ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Property Value ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Innovative Process ◽  
Craft Community ◽  
Significant Production

Abstract This article expands and complicates the literature on “craft” by examining the seeming anomaly of a craft community dominating a significant production sector within an advanced industrial economy, and despite the existence of cheaper high-tech and labor-saving alternatives. Japanese house-carpenters, organized into very small firms with very local markets, and producing “traditional” house-frames in small batches, have long held prefabrication and other alternatives at bay through a process of conservative innovation. The primary goal of their innovative process has been the protection and continuance of house-carpentry as a relevant and marketable skill, and of its practitioners as a self-sustaining community. This craft is not an exemplar of sustainability in other ways, however, despite its association with the traditional and organic. Its house-products have unnaturally short lives given Japanese methods of accounting for property value, and its raw material, foreign-sourced old-growth forests, are increasingly subject to global conservation efforts.

Current Trends in the International Economic Activity of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Ljudmila Romaniuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Relations

International economic activity occupies a special place in a complex system of the global economic relations. It reflects the mutual economic dependence of trade and economic activities of different countries of the world. The significance of the development of international economic performance of each country is growing. The purpose of the article is to determine the current state and trends of international economic performance of Ukraine, taking into account changes in the external environment. SWOT-analysis was introduced to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and ways to overcome weaknesses, solve problems in international economic activity, use strengths and opportunities. International economic activity is a powerful factor in the development of the country's economy and has a significant potential in regard of natural, economic and human resources, but the study has also revealed problems and negative trends. To identify trends in the effectiveness of the country's international economic activity, export-import performance indicators for 2019, 2020 and similar indicators for 2013 were analyzed. In 2020 a decline in exports in the machine-building industry is observed. Furthermore, the exports are dominated by the raw material component. The growth rate of exported goods refers to industries with a small share of value added. At the same time, imports are dominated by high-tech products, indicating a lack of strategy of technical and technological development, which leads to the deindustrialization of the country, which is a significant threat to the economy of Ukraine as a whole and its international economic activity. In the context of economic globalization, the importance of international economic relations is growing. To increase the efficiency of international economic performance it is crucial to address a number of domestic issues: stabilization of political situation, termination of military actions in the east of the country, overcoming corruption, ensuring technical and technological development, implementation of innovations at enterprises, development and implementation of multi-vector strategy, implementation of the strategy of public diplomacy in order to build a positive image of Ukraine. Further research will focus on assessing the effectiveness of international economic activity, identifying threats to national competitiveness and elaborating recommendations for overcoming them.

Industrial economics in the context of globalization: scientific, practical foundations and development priorities

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
I. Krasovskaya ◽  
◽  
T. Malysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Industrial Economics ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation

The relevance of the publication topic is argued by the need for an in-depth study of the globalization process, which is global financial, political and cultural integration, unification, the global division of labour, the planetary migration of capital, human and productive resources, standardization of legislation, and interference of cultures of the world community. The theoretical and practical goals of the publication are to study causal algorithms for the formation of a negative scientific and production balance of the Russian Federation and an increase in disproportions between the import and export of high-tech products, as well as a comparative description of global development as a symbiosis of contradictory trends in the subordination of the world economy to the interests of transnational capital. The theoretical and methodological basis of the publication was the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists studying the globalization of the industrial economy due to the intensification of international scientific and technological competition and the expansion of the innovation market, deepening of specialization and division of labour, and the increase in the risks of producing high-tech products at the national and world levels. Scientific novelty lies in the authors’ interpretation of such socio-economic advantages of globalization as economies of scale, stimulation of labour productivity, rationalization of production at the interstate level and the spread of innovative technologies, cost reduction, price regression, achieving sustainable growth in the well-being of society, on the basis of which the development is confirmed global industrial economy on a research basis characterized by such attributes interdependence, asymmetry, regionalization and diversification, regression efficiency, inclusiveness, resource and raw material demarcation, a high degree of uncertainty and of the economic risk. The practical significance of the results obtained is determined by an in-depth analysis of the American (based on differentiation of labor and specialization of personnel, demarcation of labor duties, concentration of scientific and production efforts on a purely economic result) and Eurasian (characterized by mobility and compactness of production processes, saving transaction costs, adaptability to market conditions and availability of labour-tolerant staff) strategies for innovative development of industrial economics. Based on a critical rethinking of the American and Eurasian strategies, proposals and recommendations are formulated on the formation of the scientific and technical policy of the Russian Federation

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Micro and Small-Scale Industries Income: A Case Study on Coffee Processing Industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-148
Author(s):  
Lya Aklimawati ◽  
Djoko Soemarno ◽  
Surip Mawardi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Industries ◽  
Small Scale Industries

Development the competitive industries primarily small firms ought to be realized for improving economic growth of a community. Small industries have an important role especially on income equity improvement in rural areas. The objective of this study was to assess industry players motivation for developing their business in coffee processing and also to analyze factors which influence business income focused on micro and small-scale coffee industries in Bondowoso District. Survey method was used in this study for collecting primary and secondary data. A number of respondents were 25 coffee industry players who be determined by judgement sampling method. Data were analyzed by descriptive and statistic method. Multiple linear regression was used in the suspected factors that affect small industries income. The results indicated that the main motivation of industry players in initiating and developing coffee business was financial incentive. Consecutively, indicators that may explain industry player’s motivation were expectation, motive and incentive. Micro and small-scale industries income was affected by raw material, marketing reach, technology and business experience. Meanwhile, micro and small-scale industries income was not affected by labor cost and source of capital.

scholarly journals Exploring traditional thread-making and simple weaving used in OPP lamination film upcycling for ecologically responsible textile craft

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
R E Santoso ◽  
L A Utami
Keyword(s):  
Design Education ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environmental Care ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
Cradle To Cradle ◽  
Craft Community ◽  
Woven Textile

Abstract Aiming for sustainable eco-friendly craft/design practice, this design research explored upcycling-practice of OPP plastic waste using traditional technology to create an alternative raw material for textile craft. By combining cultural investigation into the textile-making tradition with Cradle-to-Cradle design principles, we identified the potential of traditional technology as an ecologically responsible production process. We also developed upcycling method to process OPP plastic waste material. This research resulted in: (1) thread-making techniques that produce different sizes of thread as raw materials and hand-woven textile, (2) revitalized endangered indigenous technology of craft-making that had been a part of human-nature ecology, (3) eco-design education that can be accepted by local textile craft community, and (4) textile craft products that express the local identity and promote environmental care.

Linking HEIs with the production sector: A communication approach between key actors in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico

2020 ◽  
pp. 095042222092205
Author(s):  
Tomás Francisco Limones Meráz ◽  
Julieta Flores Amador ◽  
Carmen Reaiche
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Ciudad Juarez ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Relationship Patterns ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Integrative Process ◽  
Communication Approach ◽  
The Relationship

To keep up with rapid evolutions in technical and scientific developments, countries must create competitive dynamics that enable key actors to generate high-tech projects, boosting both a country’s productivity and economic development. Higher education institutions (HEIs), with their intellectual capital and as core generators of knowledge, are one of the main actors in these dynamics, particularly given their societal responsibilities and contributions to intellectual development and technical knowledge in the community. This article aims to identify the relationship patterns required for actors to create a fully participatory and integrative process between HEIs and the production sector (PS). This integrative and linking process generates and improves technical projects in the region. Through a literature review and an analysis of current empirical evidence on the effectiveness of the relationship between these two sectors in the region, an interrelational map has been developed. This map aims to highlight key activities to be considered during the execution of the linkage and to identify an ecosystem of necessary elements to develop a diagnostic evaluation tool. This tool may be used to define the ideal conditions that should lead to project development between the HEIs and the PS. The article presents the region of Ciudad Juárez in Mexico as a case study.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of industrial nature management in the conditions of modern decentralization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Mykola Nazaruk ◽  
Lidiia Halianta
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Material Orientation ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
World Industry

The aim of the study was to determine the features of industrial development in modern decentralization. Materials and methods. This study is based on the study of literature sources that characterize the problems of industrial nature management, features of development and operation, geospatial features of industry. The most well-known literary sources are analyzed, namely monographs, reporting materials, articles, reports concerning the problems of industrial nature management in the conditions of modern decentralization. Results. Decentralization contributes to the development of the economy, as the authorities respond more quickly to the demands and needs of society. Decentralization processes are improving the so-called investment climate, resulting in economic growth. That is why it is important to consider the factors influencing the development of industry in today's decentralization. We highlight the political and legal, economic, socio-demographic, technological factors of industrial development. On their example, we will consider features of development of the industry in the conditions of modern decentralization. Conclusion. The analysis of development factors and structural transformations in industry has revealed a number of sharp contradictions that create many risks for the existence of the industry itself, as well as the economy and social sphere of the country. This poses a number of serious challenges to the country to overcome such contradictions as: the inconsistency of the general trend of the industry with the development of world industry in structural and technological terms; continuation of structural and organizational degradation of production with preservation of its export-raw material orientation and corresponding dependence on external conditions; increasing technological simplification and primitivization of production; inconsistency of domestic production with the needs of the population; the progressive decline of processing industries, including high-tech and fund-generating, for the domestic consumer market; high depreciation of fixed assets and unattractive investment of the industry, including for foreign investors; remoteness of the financial sector from servicing long-term investment needs of production; "Conservative" distribution of investment resources; lack of a mechanism for redistribution of investment resources in favor of promising industries. The identified contradictions and the resulting risks to the further functioning of the industry must be resolved as soon as possible for progressive changes and industrial development in the future.

scholarly journals MODERN INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF THE KEMEROVO OBLAST

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Валерий Рябов ◽  
Valerii Riabov ◽  
Ольга Столбова ◽  
Olga Stolbova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Kuznetsk Basin ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Active Population

The article describes the modern functional and territorial structure of the economic complex of one of the most industrial regions of the Asian Russia – the Kemerovo region. The basic link in the economic complex of the Kemerovo Region is industry. A quarter of the economically active population in the region is employed in industry. Industry provides half of the gross regional product. The role of industry in the economic complex of the Kemerovo region has not changed for many years. In general, the region’s industry has a pronounced raw material orientation. Raw materials industries are the leading ones in the industry structure of the region: the total share of the coal industry, metallurgy, electrical energy and the chemical industry in the total production of industrial products is 85 %. Kuzbass is Russia’s leader in coal mining. The share of high-tech industries is negligible. Machine building accounts for no more than 5 % of industrial production. The industry of the Kemerovo region is characterized by a poly-branch structure, formed primarily on the basis of the coal resources of the Kuznetsk Basin. The leading role belongs to the coal-metallurgical system of production, which forms a number of highly developed energy production cycles (coal-energy, chemicals, pyrometallurgical and others), some of which (raw materials extraction) are located outside the region.

scholarly journals Ecological Efficiency and Sustainable Regional Development in Russia During the 20 Years of Resource-Based Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-47
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Ecological Efficiency ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Sustainable Regional Development

Climate change as well as ecological and social problems requires new goals and instruments of economic policy, based on the principles of sustainable develop­ment. However, over the past 20 years, an increase in energy prices has resulted in the raw material growth model prevailing in Russia. Has this growth led to sustainable regional development? We propose an approach to evaluating eco­logical efficiency of the Russian regions as the ratio of the output of non-primary goods and services to the input of resources (labor, capital, raw materials, and environmental costs). This is a new indicator of the quality of economic growth. The sustainable development model, combining growth of GRP per capita and ecological efficiency, has been observed for more than half of the period in most regions. The eco-efficiency of the average region has been growing since 2003, except crisis periods, following an increase of the services sector share and the closure of inefficient pollution-intensive factories. According to the econometric results, ecological efficiency was growing faster in densely populated regions with a high share of high-tech services, investment attractiveness and intensive tech­nology implementation (Moscow; Saint Petersburg; Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Belgorod and Kaliningrad regions etc.); it decreased in most northern and Siberian regions. Great potential for raising eco-efficiency remains in most regions. In general, the results of regional development in Russia do not contradict the principles and goals of sustainable development (SDGs), although it was largely achieved due to the system of inter-budget transfers, distributing the oil rent surplus among the regions. In the future, an increase in investments in the non-primary sector, en­ergy efficiency and public transportation will be required. Corresponding changes can be accelerated in the context of an emerging economic crisis caused by the pandemic and falling oil prices.

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