scholarly journals Origin, Types, and Functioning of Chandeliers with Serpent Arms: From the Netherlands to Lithuania

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Alantė Valtaitė-Gagač
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
National Museum ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Western European ◽  
Reconstructive Analysis ◽  
First Time

Summary Chandeliers with serpent arms held at the National Museum of Lithuania and the Lithuanian Art Museum are among the earliest found in Lithuania. Previous efforts to find chandeliers of similar décor in Latvia or Poland while collecting material on lighting fixtures in Lithuania and the neighbouring countries were unsuccessful. Due to that reason, it was thought that the spread of these chandeliers of extraordinary décor was limited to the territory of Lithuania. A closer and more thorough look into collections of Western European museums has revealed that the motif of an elegantly coiled snake on chandelier arms should be related to Hans Rogiers, a founder who worked in Amsterdam in 1598–1638. In the article, the origin of chandeliers with serpent arms in Western Europe and the ways they could have possibly reached Lithuania are traced back for the first time. Specimens that survived or did not survive in Lithuania, their development and problems of dating are analysed. Their functioning space is explored and the subject of their symbolism is addressed. The article aims to present and evaluate the surviving chandeliers with serpent arms in Lithuania. In the research, instruments of formal, comparative, iconographic, and reconstructive analysis were used.

Iron household items with cutlers’ marks from excavations in Veliky Novgorod 13th – the first half of the 15th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Daria S. Serezhnikova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Western European ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time ◽  
European Production

Experts in the blacksmithing of Ancient Russia have long been interested in iron household items with cutlers’ marks, such as knives and scissors. The research literature has already reviewed similar findings from Moscow, Tver, Torzhok, Pskov, Smolensk and Izborsk. In this study for the first time assembled, described and dated all iron knives and scissors with cutlers’ marks identified in the archaeological collection of Veliky Novgorod. All cutlers marks have been analyzed, and almost all have analogies in medieval Western European material. Almost all types of cutlers’ marks that are represented on Novgorod items are found on knives, and sometimes on swords or falchions found on the territory of Poland, the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and England. There are similar cutlers’ marks on the territory of Ancient Russia, but in much smaller numbers. All items marked with the cutlers’ marks are products of Western European production, the old Russian blacksmiths did not practice branding their products. Most items with cutlers’ marks were brought to Novgorod from Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany. Individual items could get to Novgorod and from England through Hanseatic merchants. Items with cutlers’ marks found during excavations in Veliky Novgorod date back to the 13th – first half of 15th centuries.

scholarly journals Ivan Skušek Jr. and His Collection of Chinese Coins

Asian Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-83
Author(s):  
Mina Grčar
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Local Uniqueness ◽  
Extensive Collection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Western European ◽  
European Periphery ◽  
First Time

Ivan Skušek Jr. (1877–1947), whose collection of Chinese and Japanese objects has been the subject of research and interest in recent years, can be considered the first collector of East Asian objects in the Slovene ethnic space to have built his collection systematically, examining and verifying the provenance, value, and significance of each item. His extensive collection can compare to Western European collections of East Asian objects while at the same time bearing a stamp of local uniqueness pertaining to the European periphery. Skušek’s legacy includes an important collection of Chinese money from all periods of Chinese history, which is introduced in this paper for the first time. A crucial distinction between this and other collections of Chinese coins is that evidence exists that tells us how Skušek collected the coins, and reveals a lot about his sources and advisors. It has long been known that during his stay in Beijing Skušek befriended many influential and knowledgeable people, including a Franciscan missionary, Fr. Maurus Kluge, who assisted him in assembling his numismatic collection. The paper presents the cooperation between the two in the light of a recent find––the original list and summary appraisal of the most valuable part of Skušek’s numismatic collection and Kluge’s letters to Skušek.

The Challenge of a Jewish State

2015 ◽  
pp. 135-180
Author(s):  
David H. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Jewish Identity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Time ◽  
State Of Israel

This chapter investigates the first of three external challenges which defined Jewish life in western Europe in the late 1940s and 1950s. This was the creation of the State of Israel in 1948. For the first time in modern history, Jews could choose whether or not to live in the diaspora. There were hundreds of survivors in Belgium, France, and the Netherlands who were convinced that they had no future in Europe and migrated to Palestine as soon as they could. Those who chose not to were now forced to think more seriously about their decision to remain in western Europe. Zionist stalwarts, in particular, were challenged to reassess their role now that the Jewish state was a reality. What resulted was a transformation in collective and personal behaviour and attitudes that largely strengthened collective Jewish identity and commitment.

Collisions in the River Scheldt

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-464
Author(s):  
Netherlands Pilots' Association
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Western European ◽  
Critical Investigation

On 30 March 1966, Captain A. Wepster, of the Holland-America Line, presented a paper to the Institution on collisions in Western European rivers. Through its publication in the Journal it had considerable impact on opinion abroad and in particular in the Netherlands where it became popularly known in nautical circles as the Wepster Report.The Netherlands Pilots’ Association invited its nautical committee for the areas most concerned to investigate the findings of Wepster's paper and it is their report which is presented here.The Wepster Report is a general discussion of the dangers and problems of navigation on the five main navigable rivers of Western Europe. It attempts a critical investigation into the causes of the decline of safety on these rivers and a good deal of attention is paid to the working methods of pilots and of the various institutions charged with organizing river traffic. Captain Wepster concludes his lecture with the remark: ‘… it is now to be hoped that others will throw some light upon it from another angle.’

Ein symphonisches Selbstbildnis: Über Zoltán Kodálys Symphonie in C (1961)

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 203-220
Author(s):  
Anna Dalos
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Music History ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Major Scale ◽  
Western European ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Revolution

After the revolution in 1956, the cultural policy in Hungary shifted to allow a new openness toward Western-European movements: consequently 1956–1967 became one of the most important transitional periods of Hungarian music history. Composers turned away from the tradition of the foregoing thirty years, determined by the influence of Bartók and Kodály, imitating rather the works of Schoenberg, Berg, Webern, Boulez, Nono, Lutosławski, Penderecki and Stockhausen. In this context the 78-year-old Zoltán Kodály’s Symphony, written in 1960–1961 for the Swiss Festival Orchestra and dedicated to the memory of Arturo Toscanini, was rejected by the young generation of composers and also Hungarian music critics, who turned themselves for the first time against the much-revered figure of authority. The Symphony’s emphasis on C major, its conventional forms, Brahms-allusions, pseudo self-citations and references to the 19th-century symphonic tradition were also received without comprehension in Western Europe. Kodály’s letters and interviews indicate that the composer suffered disappointment in this negative reception. Drawing on manuscript sources, Kodály’s statements and the Symphony itself, my study argues that the three movements can be read as caricature-like self-portraits of different phases of the composer’s life (the young, the mature and the old) and that Kodály identified himself with the symphonic genre and the C-major scale.

scholarly journals A Balancing Act? Inter-Ministerial Co-operation in the Work of the Cultural Attachés

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Dimitra Kizlari ◽  
Domenico Valenza
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

Summary To date, the role of cultural attachés in foreign policy has not been the subject of scholarly research, despite the sharp rise in interest in the field of cultural diplomacy. The present study is a comparative analysis seeking to map the ecosystem in which cultural attachés are embedded with the aim to develop a first-time narrative about their role. Interviews with practitioners from Italy, The Netherlands and Sweden indicate that the post of the cultural attaché is a field of responsibility primarily for two state actors. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Culture both have a vested interest in the work of these cultural operators. The findings suggest that there are two distinct organisational models in how Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Ministries of Culture co-exist and interact.

Migration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Western European

Migration has long been one of the defining themes of the pre-Roman Iron Age in Europe. Classical authors record migrations by Celtic peoples into Italy and Greece in the fourth and third centuries BC and their testimonies are corroborated by archaeological evidence. Much work has focused on these events and on mass migration in particular. As a result the archaeological study of migration and mobility is weakly theorized and the subject has been unfashionable in most recent western European scholarship. However, migration and mobility in the pre-Roman Iron Age took many forms, from individual marriages to the establishment of Greek colonies in western Europe and the mass migration of Germanic peoples in the second and first centuries BC. The reasons for mobility are varied, but the archaeological and historical sources are clear and consistent in showing that migration was a dynamic and important feature of the pre-Roman Iron Age.

scholarly journals On the history of studying proverbs in the Swahili language

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Viсtoriya Sergeevna Shatokhina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Western European ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

The subject of this research is the African paremiology. The object is the history of studying proverbs in the Swahili language. The author examines the chronology of studying this field of linguistics by Western European and African scholars, cites their major works, and describes the peculiarities of their scientific views. Special attention is given to the works of the founders of African paremiology, as well as the perspective of modern scholars of Tanzania and Kenya upon the scientific heritage of proverbs and sayings of the Swahili language. The article employs the theoretical research methods, namely the comparison of theoretical works in the Swahili and English languages. The analysis of a wide range of works in the Swahili language alongside the works of certain European authors, allows reconstructing the chronology of the process of studying Swahili paroemias, as well as highlighting most prominent African and European scholars in this field of linguistics. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that this topic is viewed in the domestic African Studies for the first time; foreign linguists also did not pay deliberate attention to this question. The author’s special contribution consists in translation of the previously inaccessible materials of the African and Western European into the Russian language, which helps the linguists-Africanists in their further research.

scholarly journals Eucharistic Themes in Ukrainian Art of the XVII-XVIII centuries: A Review of the Monuments

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-141
Author(s):  
Татьяна Владимировна Денисюк
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Grape Vine ◽  
First Time ◽  
Atoning Sacrifice

Статья посвящена изучению евхаристической тематики в украинском искусстве XVII-XVIII вв. Впервые сделан обзор памятников украинского изобразительного искусства на тему символико-аллегорического изображения темы Евхаристии. В статье приведены примеры икон и картин из собрания Национального музея в Львове, Музея волынской иконы (г. Луцк, Украина), Национального художественного музея Украины (г. Киев), Национального Киево-Печерского историко-культурного заповедника. Анализ композиций позволил выделить и систематизировать символические сюжеты евхаристического содержания. В статье подробно рассматриваются иконы: «Христос Виноградная Лоза», «Христос в точиле», «Христос в чаше», «Недреманное око»; картины: «Пеликан», «Соглядатаи земли Ханаанской», а также другие памятники изобразительного искусства, которые раскрывают христианский догмат Евхаристии, искупительную жертву Христа. Эти сюжеты были широко распространены в иконописи, скульптуре, лицевом шитье, гравюре, резьбе, керамике. Также описаны редкие случаи использования символических сюжетов «Недреманное око» и «Христос Виноградная Лоза» в стенописи. В статье отмечены иконографические особенности каждого сюжета, подробно описаны и проанализированы изображения, проведён сравнительный анализ разных икон с изображением одинакового сюжета, изучен контекст и значение некоторых композиций. The article is devoted to the study of the Eucharistic theme in the Ukrainian art of the XVII-XVIII centuries. For the first time made the review of the monuments of Ukrainian art on the theme of symbolic and allegorical image of the Eucharist theme. The article presents examples of icons and paintings from the collection of the National Museum in Lviv, the Museum of Volyn Icon (Lutsk, Ukraine), the National Art Museum of Ukraine (Kiev), the National Kiev-Pechersk Historical and Cultural Reserve. The analysis of the compositions made it possible to identify and systematize the subjects of the Eucharistic content. The article describes in detail the: “Jesus Christ the Grape-Vine”, “Christ in the winepress”, “Christ in the bowl”, “Undreaming Eye”; pictures: “Pelican”, “The Spies of the land of Canaan” and other monuments of the fine arts, that reveal the Christian dogma of the Eucharist, the atoning sacrifice of Christ.These subjects were widely distributed in icon painting, sculpture, sewing, engraving, carving, and ceramics. The rare instances of the use of the symbolic plots “Undreaming Eye” and “Jesus Christ the Grape-Vine” in murals are described. The iconographic features of each subject are also noted in the article, images are described and analyzed in detail, a comparative analysis of different icons with the image of the same subject was carried out, the context and meaning of some compositions were studied.

Britain Inside and Outside Mesolithic Europe

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Jacobi
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
The Subject ◽  
North Western

It is now some twenty years since Clark wrote his paper ‘A Microlithic Industry from the Cambridgeshire Fenland and other industries of Sauveterrian affinities from Britain’ (Clark 1955), and almost as long since he considered the cultural and chronological implications of flint industries with Trapezes—bitruncated blades—in North Western Europe (Clark 1958). Since then some 150 to 200 radiocarbon determinations have become available for the Mesolithic of this area—most particularly from Denmark, the Netherlands and Britain, with rather fewer from France. It is, quite deliberately, not the intention of this paper to attempt a detailed consideration, or presentation of all these new dates—not even for Britain where some sixty recent determinations and their associations will be the subject of a separate larger paper (Switsur and Jacobi, in preparation). More worrying, however, than this mass of new datings is a proliferation of new and mainly regional terms for stone industries, which, while believed to show sufficient diversity to demand such an extended nomenclature, are nevertheless obviously closely linked at the techno-complex level. It is then at this techno-complex level at which it is intended to work, and it is towards a simplified, or at least manageable, terminology that it is proposed to aim. The Key to the article will remain Britain in relation to the European mainland.

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