Autonomous vehicles and freight traffic: towards better efficiency of road, rail or urban logistics?

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Bucsky

Abstract The freight transport sector is a low profit and high competition business and therefore has less ability to invest in research and development in the field of autonomous vehicles (AV) than the private car industry. There are already different levels of automation technologies in the transport industry, but most of these are serving niche demands and answers have yet to be found about whether it would be worthwhile to industrialise these technologies. New innovations from different fields are constantly changing the freight traffic industry but these are less disruptive than on other markets. The aim of this article is to show the current state of development of freight traffic with regards to AVs and analyse which future directions of development might be viable. The level of automation is very different in the case of different transport modes and most probably the technology will favour road transport over other, less environmentally harmful traffic modes.

Author(s):  
Roman I. Dremliuga ◽  
Andrey A. Yakovenko

Развитие технологий автономного автотранспорта является одним из приоритетов в технологическом развитии Российской Федерации. Несмотря на прогресс в данной сфере, вряд ли можно говорить о значимых успехах России во внедрении использования автономного транспорта на дорогах общего пользования. В основе данного исследования лежит утверждение, что правовой режим является либо катализатором, либо замедляющим фактором развития сферы автономного автотранспорта. Цель исследования – провести анализ правовых норм в сфере тестирования и эксплуатации автономного автотранспорта в Европе. Авторы полагают, что исследуемые европейские страны имеют достаточно проработанную нормативную базу в данной сфере, поэтому их опыт может быть полезен в разработке и модификации российской правовой базы для регулирования отношений в сфере использования автономного автотранспорта. Задачи исследования: а) определить нормативную базу, связанную с регулированием отношений по тестированию и эксплуатации автономных транспортных средств; б) выявить позицию лидирующих европейских стран, связанную с вопросами необходимости регулирования таких отношений; в) оценить перспективы возможности заимствования положительной практики регулирования рассматриваемой сферы общественных отношений в правовую действительность Российской Федерации. Методологической основой исследования послужили диалектический метод познания, общенаучные методы абстрагирования, анализа и синтеза, а также специальные юридические методы (сравнительно-правовой, логико-юридический и др.). В статье делается вывод, что в процессе создания нормативно правовой базы власти стремятся детально урегулировать исследуемую область общественных отношений. Рассмотренные страны имеют практически схожую модель регулирования, с жёсткими нормативными рамками. Авторы полагают, что некоторые ограничения являются неблагоприятными для развития сектора цифровой экономики. Тем не менее, опыт европейских стран может быть использован в России в первую очередь для определения проблемных точек регулирования и организации контроля за тестированием и использованием автономного автотранспорта. Ключевые слова: Европейский Союз, регулирование тестирования автономного автотранспорта, беспилотный автотранспорт, цифровая экономика, искусственный интеллект, кибербезопасность, распознавание образов, киберправо, беспилотные транспортные средства, цифровая трансформации, умные вещи, умный город, сравнительное правоведение, сравнительный анализ, новый технологический уклад, право Нидерландов, право Германии, право Великобритании, право информационных технологий, право ИТ. The development of unmanned (autonomous) vehicle technologies is one of the strategic priorities of the Russian Federation. Despite a great deal of attention to this area, one can hardly speak of any significant success of Russia in introducing the use of autonomous vehicles on public roads. This study is based on the assumption that the legal regime is a catalyst or a deterrent to the development of autonomous motor transport or a deterrent to the development of the autonomous motor transport sector. The aim of the study is to analyze the legal norms in the field of testing and operation of autonomous road transport in Europe. The authors believe that the studied European countries have a sufficiently developed regulatory system in this area; therefore, their experience can be useful in developing and modifying the Russian legal framework to regulate the use of autonomous road transport. The objectives of the study are as follows: a) to define the regulatory framework related to the regulation of relations in the testing and operation of autonomous vehicles; b) to identify the position of the leading European countries related to the issues of the need for regulation and its limits; c) to assess the prospects for the possibility of taking the positive practice of regulation of the considered sphere of social relations into the legal reality of the Russian Federation. The dialectical method of cognition, general scientific methods of abstraction, analysis and synthesis, as well as special legal methods (comparative legal, logical-legal, etc.) served as the methodological basis for the research. The article concludes that in the process of creating a legal system the authorities seek to regulate in detail the area of public relations under study. The countries under study have almost similar model of regulation with rigid normative frameworks. The authors believe that some restrictions are unfavorable for the development of digital economy sectors. Nevertheless, the experience of European countries can be used in Russia first of all to identify problem points of regulation and organization of control over testing and use of autonomous motor vehicles.


Aviation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Jiri Hlinka ◽  
Helena Trefilova

The paper describes activities related to the safety assessment of a futuristic personal plane concept, done by researchers at the Institute of Aerospace Engineering (IAE), Brno University of Technology, as a part of the FP7 PPlane research project. Activities under the PPlane project were carried out in joint cooperation with an international research team led by ONERA (France). The aim of the FP7 EU project PPlane (Personal Plane) is to identify new potential concepts and technologies for future air transport, namely to create a future Personal Air Transport System (PATS). The personal air vehicle is understood to be analogous to a private car in terms of accessibility and ease of operation. Such a novel transportation system could help to reduce congestion on roads and enable more efficient transportation of passengers to their destinations. The introduction of PATS is a long-term goal which requires considerable progress beyond the current state-of-the-art technology as well as in related areas. The major enabling technology is believed to be a high level of automation in new air vehicles which would require either no or minor piloting skills of passengers.


Author(s):  
Xuan Fang ◽  
Tamás Tettamanti

It is believed that autonomous vehicles will replace conventional human drive vehicles in the next decades due to the emerging autonomous driving technology, which will definitely bring a massive transformation in the road transport sector. Due to the high complexity of traffic systems, efficient traffic simulation models for the assessment of this disruptive change are critical. The objective of this paper is to justify that the common practice of microscopic traffic simulation needs thorough revision and modification when it is applied with the presence of autonomous vehicles in order to get realistic results. Two high-fidelity traffic simulators (SUMO and VISSIM) were applied to show the sensitivity of microscopic simulation to automated vehicle’s behavior. Two traffic evaluation indicators (average travel time and average speed) were selected to quantitatively evaluate the macro-traffic performance of changes in driving behavior parameters (gap acceptance) caused by emerging autonomous driving technologies under different traffic demand conditions.


Transport ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor Szendrő ◽  
Ádám Török

With the omnipresent influence of mankind around the world, controlling resource use and pollution are key factors in the progress toward sustainability in all sectors. These considerations appear in international and European policies, but there remains a need to make these policies suited to local conditions. This article aims to present a method of analysis for the transport sector that could prove useful for identifying the similarities and differences in the current state and historical development of transport systems in EU Member States.


2018 ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Savrukov ◽  
N. T. Savrukov ◽  
E. A. Kozlovskaya

The article analyzes the current state and level of development of publicprivate partnership (PPP) projects in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The authors conclude that a significant proportion of projects is implemented on a concession basis at the municipal level in the communal sphere. A detailed analysis of the project data showed that the structure of the projects is deformed in favor of the central regions of the Russian Federation, and a significant share in the total amount of financing falls on the transport sector. At the stage of assessing the level of development by the subjects of the Russian Federation, criteria were proposed, and index and integral indicators were used, which ensured comparability of the estimates obtained. At the end of the analysis, the regions were ranked and clustered according to the level of PPP development, which allowed to reveal the number and structure of leaders and outsiders.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1880533
Author(s):  
Tiliksew Addis ◽  
Abera Kachi ◽  
Jun Wang

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 204166952110203
Author(s):  
Jonas K. Olofsson ◽  
Ingrid Ekström ◽  
Maria Larsson ◽  
Steven Nordin

Olfaction, the sense of smell, is characterized by a notable age-dependency such that aging individuals are more likely to have poor olfactory abilities. These impairments are considered to be mostly irreversible and as having potentially profound effects on quality of life and food behavior, as well as constituting warning signs of mortality, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. Here, we review the current state of research on aging and olfaction, focusing on five topics which we regard to be of particular relevance for the field: nutrition and health, cognition and dementia, mortality, environment and genetics, and training-based enhancement. Under each of these headlines, we provide a state-of-the-art overview and discuss gaps in our knowledge which might be filled by further research. Understanding how olfactory abilities are diminished in aging, and how they may be alleviated or recovered, involves a set of challenging tasks for researchers in the years to come.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2845
Author(s):  
Sara Poveda-Reyes ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Malviya ◽  
Elena García-Jiménez ◽  
Gemma Dolores Molero ◽  
Maria Chiara Leva ◽  
...  

It is well established that the transport sector is not an equalitarian sector. To develop a sustainable society, a more equalitarian and safe transport system for both users and transport sector employees is needed. This work prioritizes the needs and barriers previously identified as relevant among transport system users and employees for four different transport scenarios (railways, autonomous vehicles (AVs), bicycle-sharing services (BSSs), and employment). The aim of this paper is to prioritize the factors affecting women in these four transport scenarios with the help of a survey followed by the application of mathematical and computational algorithms based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology. The identification of factors with higher influence in the fair participation of women in the transport sector will help transport planners, bike-sharing system owners, decision-makers, transport companies, and regulatory professionals to develop measures that could plausibly increase the proportion of women as users of BSSs, users of rail public transport, and AVs, as well as employees in the transport sector for a sustainable society. The results indicated that safety and security were the most challenging factors for railways. Weather, topography, and family responsibilities were shown to have a high influence on the use of BSSs. In the case of autonomous vehicles, the simultaneity and trust in the technology are the main opportunities to influence the acceptance of such vehicles. Finally, for transport employment, caring and parenting responsibilities were the factors that had the largest effect. Some differences in priorities were found for different profiles of women.


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