scholarly journals MEMBANDINGKAN CATATAN PERJALANAN PELANCONG DAN NISAN KUNO KERAJAAN PERLAK, ACEH TIMUR, ACEH

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ambo Asse Ajis

The 11th century AD Armenian text entitled A Journals of the South China Sea refers to the tofonim Peureulak  by the name Poure (Armenian) as a rich and valuable port. Marco Polo (1293 / late 13th century AD) was called Ferlec (Portuguese), which was a settlement with an Islamic population that was regularly visited by Islamic traders. The Negarakertagama manuscript of the 14th century AD mentions the name Parllak (Javanese) as one of the vassals of the Majapahit Kingdom. Likewise local texts, especially Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai, mention that the existence of the Peureulak  Kingdom ended when it merged into the power of the Samudera Pasai Kingdom (1297 AD) through the process of marriage. This paper aims to see whether the records of the above improvements have the support of archaeological remains, especially the pre-Pasai Ocean era. The research method is descriptive by comparing information with the existence of archaeological remains of two pieces of data that have the same space and time dimensions, namely the rise of the pre-13th century AD and archaeological remains in the form of ancient pre-Samudera Pasai tombstones. The final conclusion is that the results of the comparison of space and time dimensions show that there is a synchronization that confirms the record that saw the Muslim population in Peureulak  before the establishment of the kingdom of Samudera Pasai, which is one of the earliest Islamic cities in Southeast Asia. Teks berbahasa Armenia abad ke-11 Masehi berjudul Suatu Catatan Perjalanan di laut Cina Selatan menyebut toponim Peureulak dengan nama Poure (bahasa Armenia) sebagai pelabuhan yang kaya dan berharga. Marco Polo (1293/akhir abad ke-13 M) menyebutnya Ferlec (bahasa Portugis) yakni sebuah lokasi permukiman berpenduduk Islam yang rutin disinggahi pedagang Islam. Naskah Negarakertagama abad 14 menyebut nama Parllak (bahasa Jawa) sebagai salah satu vasal Kerajaan Majapahit. Demikian juga naskah lokal, khususnya Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai menyebut eksistensi Kerajaan Peureulak  berakhir ketika melebur ke dalam kekuasaan Kerajaan Samudera Pasai (1297 M) melalui proses pernikahan. Tulisan ini bertujuan ingin melihat apakah catatan para pelancong di atas memiliki dukungan tinggalan arkeologis khususnya era sebelum Samudera Pasai. Metode penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan cara melakukan komparasi informasi dengan keberadaan tinggalan arkeologis dua buah data yang memiliki kedudukan dimensi ruang dan waktu yang sama, yakni catatan pelancong abad sebelum abad 13 dan tinggalan arkeologis berupa nisan-nisan kuno era sebelum Samudera Pasai. Kesimpulan akhirnya bahwa dari hasil perbandingan dimensi ruang dan waktu menunjukan ada singkronisasi membenarkan catatan para pelancong melihat adanya penduduk Islam di Peureulak  sebelum berdirinya kerajaan Samudera Pasai, yakni satu kota paling awal yang terislamisasi di Asia Tenggara.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 113-133
Author(s):  
Ade Priangani ◽  
Jeremy Aldi Rezki Hattu

South China Sea (SCS) dispute is a matter of seizure or claim of a territory by some countries is indeed a complicated problem. Conflicts involving China with some members of ASEAN have heated up. To improve relations with ASEAN, China through persuasive attitudes and actions. Due to liberalization strategy of China's political economy over SCS especially to ASEAN. The success of ASEAN over the last 50 years has made ASEAN a market share by the major powers that gave birth to a "rivalry". This research uses descriptive method and historical method, where the research is focused on the plan and action of liberalization of China's political economy to face the rivality of the major countries correlation with the dynamics of SCS conflict. The results of this research are: ASEAN succeeded in maintaining peace of political security stability but difference of opinion related issue of sensitive SCS dispute become challenge entering the next 50 years. SCS is actually becoming OBOR's maritime silk line to Southeast Asia. Facing the rivalry of the big countries, China uses its economic card as a control over ASEAN. AIIB as China's bargaining opportunity to ASEAN. So China can easily get rid of western influence and win ASEAN diplomatically.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dody Priosambodo ◽  
Khairul Amri ◽  
Mahatma Lanuru

Penelitian tentang inventarisasi spesies tumbuhan di pulau Barrangcaddi yang berpenduduk padat telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan asli, tumbuhan introduksi dan tumbuhan invasif di Pulau Barrangcaddi. Kegiatan sampling dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Data diambil dengan mencatat semua spesies tumbuhan yang ditemukan selama penjelajahan di pulau Barrangcaddi. Seluruh sampel di foto. Sampel tumbuhan yang tidak diketahui namanya, di ambil bagian-bagiannya, kemudian dikoleksi dan diidentifikasi di laboratorium Ilmu Lingkungan dan Kelautan, Departemen Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Hasanuddin. Identifikasi sampel menggunakan buku: An Annotated Check-List of The Vascular Plants of The South China Sea and Its Shores oleh Turner et al. (2000) dan Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia oleh Wim Giesen et al. (2007) untuk spesies hutan pantai; Tropical flowering plants: a guide to identification and cultivation oleh Kirsten Albrecht Llamas (2003) untuk spesies tanaman hias dan tanaman budidaya/introduksi serta Nonnative Invasive Plants of Pacific Coast Forest. A Field Guide for Identification oleh Gray et al. (2011) dan Guide to The Naturalized and Invasive Plants of Southeast Asia oleh Arne Witt (2017) untuk spesies tumbuhan invasif. Dari hasil penelitian di pulau Barrangcaddi tercatat sebanyak 142 spesies tumbuhan dari 51 suku. Sebagian besar didominasi oleh tanaman hias dan budidaya (introduksi) dengan 103 spesies dari 42 suku diikuti spesies asli (native species) dengan jumlah 29 spesies dari 19 suku. Spesies invasif tercatat paling sedikit dengan jumlah 10 spesies dari 5 suku. Sebagian besar tutupan vegetasi dari spesies asli telah hilang akibat alih fungsi lahan menjadi permukiman.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 2975
Author(s):  
Huiyan Shi ◽  
Tonglin Li ◽  
Rongzhe Zhang ◽  
Gongcheng Zhang ◽  
Hetian Yang

It is of great significance to construct a three-dimensional underground velocity model for the study of geodynamics and tectonic evolution. Southeast Asia has attracted much attention due to its complex structural features. In this paper, we collected relative travel time residuals data for 394 stations distributed in Southeast Asia from 2006 to 2019, and 14,011 seismic events were obtained. Then, teleseismic tomography was applied by using relative travel time residuals data to invert the velocity where the fast marching method (FMM) and subspace method were used for every iteration. A novel 3D P-wave velocity model beneath Southeast Asia down to 720 km was obtained using this approach. The tomographic results suggest that the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, the Philippines, Sumatra, and Java, and the deep part of Borneo exhibit high velocity anomalies, while low velocity anomalies were found in the deep part of the South China Sea (SCS) basin and in the shallow part of Borneo and areas near the subduction zone. High velocity anomalies can be correlated to subduction plates and stable land masses, while low velocity anomalies can be correlated to island arcs and upwelling of mantle material caused by subduction plates. We found a southward subducting high velocity body in the Nansha Trough, which was presumed to be a remnant of the subduction of the Dangerous Grounds into Borneo. It is further inferred that the Nansha Trough and the Dangerous Grounds belong to the same tectonic unit. According to the tomographic images, a high velocity body is located in the deep underground of Indochina–Natuna Island–Borneo–Palawan, depth range from 240 km to 660 km. The location of the high velocity body is consistent with the distribution range of the ophiolite belt, so we speculate that the high velocity body is the remnant of thee Proto-South China Sea (PSCS) and Paleo-Tethys. This paper conjectures that the PSCS was the southern branch of Paleo-Tethys and the gateway between Paleo-Tethys and the Paleo-Pacific Ocean. Due to the squeeze of the Australian plate, PSCS closed from west to east in a scissor style, and was eventually extinct under Borneo.


Sedimentology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 2468-2505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Collins ◽  
Alexandros Avdis ◽  
Peter A. Allison ◽  
Howard D. Johnson ◽  
Jon Hill ◽  
...  

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2640 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
HSI-TE SHIH ◽  
PETER K. L. NG ◽  
SHOU-HUA FANG ◽  
BENNY K. K. CHAN ◽  
KINGSLEY J. H. WONG

The fiddler crab fauna (Brachyura: Ocypodidae: Uca) of China is reviewed. Thirteen species are recognised here, viz. Uca acuta (Stimpson, 1858), U. annulipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), U. arcuata (De Haan, 1835), U. borealis Crane, 1975, U. coarctata (H. Milne Edwards, 1852), U. crassipes (Adams & White, 1848), U. dussumieri (H. Milne Edwards, 1852), U. lactea (De Haan, 1835), U. paradussumieri Bott, 1973, U. tetragonon (Herbst, 1790), U. triangularis (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873), U. typhoni Crane, 1975, and U. vocans (Linnaeus, 1758). Two females of U. typhoni collected from southern Hainan Island represent the first record of this species from China and East Asia. Two males of U. tetragonon collected from southern Hainan also represent a new record for China. The Uca fauna of southern Hainan is biogeographically distinct being different from those of northern Hainan and continental China, with U. annulipes, U. tetragonon, U. typhoni, and U. vocans common in Southeast Asia. In addition, continental China also lacks some insular species such as U. coarctata, U. formosensis Rathbun, 1921, U. jocelynae Shih, Naruse & Ng, 2010, U. perplexa (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), and U. tetragonon which are common in the East Asian islands of Taiwan and the Ryukyus.


Author(s):  
Shengping Qian ◽  
Esteban Gazel ◽  
Alexander R. L. Nichols ◽  
Hao Cheng ◽  
Le Zhang ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
STEPHEN G. HAW

AbstractThe interpretation of history is often a complex task. All too often, sources are misinterpreted because of historians’ preconceptions. This article takes issue with one such misinterpretation, the anachronistic view that the Strait of Melaka has been the principal sea route connecting the Indian Ocean with the South China Sea throughout most of recorded history. Beginning at a period when an overland journey across the Malay Peninsula was an essential link in the routes connecting South, Southeast and East Asia, it is suggested that the first entirely maritime itinerary to be used regularly passed through the Sunda Strait. Changes in itineraries affected the fortunes of the states of Southeast Asia, particularly of Funan and Srivijaya.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document