scholarly journals A Public Policy based on fiscal incentives for supporting companies to Invest in Innovation Projects – The Law of Good

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Dalva Magro ◽  
Roberto Da Piedade Francisco
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
Research Expenditures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

Creativity, technical knowledge and financial resources, whether public or private, are three very important subjects to encourage technological innovation. Public policies on fiscal incentives fostering the increase of investment of financial resources for RD&I projects are particularly needed in developing countries. Therefore, this article aims to inform about the legal and bureaucratic procedures for the execution of research projects developed by partnerships between a company and an Institute of Science and Technology (i.e. ICT) applying the incentives of Brazilian Federal Law No. 11,196/2005 - Law of Good. This letter describes all the legislation that supports such incentives and outlines the needed accounting procedures to be performed. As a result, a demonstration on research expenditures and the impact on the reduction of income taxes is performed regarding to the following Brazilian income taxes: Income Tax (i.e. IRPJ) and Contribution on Net Income (i.e. CSLL), levied to the Brazilian taxpayers.

A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS ON MAJOR TAX REFORM: AGRICULTURE AND THE 1913 INCOME TAX LAW

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas K. Barney ◽  
Tonya K. Flesher
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Special Interest Groups ◽  
Congressional Debates ◽  
Farm Population ◽  
Income Tax Law ◽  
State Income ◽  
The Impact

Farmers have benefited from unique tax treatment since the beginning of the income tax law. This paper explores agricultural influences on the passage of the income tax in 1913, using both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results show that agricultural interests were influential in the development and passage of tax/tariff laws. The percentage of congressmen with agricultural ties explains the strong affection for agriculture. Discussion in congressional debates and in agricultural journals was passionate and patriotic in support of equity for farmers. The quantitative analysis reveals that the percentage farm population was a significant predictor of passage of the 16th Amendment by the states and of adoption of state income taxes in the 20th century.

scholarly journals The Impact of Federal and State Income Tax Liabilities on Timber Investments in the Midwest and Northeast

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan R. Smith ◽  
Philip Bailey ◽  
Harry Haney ◽  
Debra Salbador ◽  
John Greene
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Forest Landowners ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
State Tax ◽  
State Income Tax ◽  
State Income ◽  
Lower Peninsula ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Federal and state income taxes are calculated for hypothetical forest landowners in two income brackets across 23 states in the Midwest and Northeast to illustrate the effects of differential state tax treatment. The income tax liability is calculated in a year in which the timber owners harvest $200,000 worth of timber. State income taxes ranged from highs of $13,427 for middle-income landowners and $18,527 for high-income landowners in Maine to no tax burden in New Hampshire and South Dakota. Calculated state and federal income taxes are based on 2004 tax regulations and rates. After-tax land expectation values calculated for a forest landowner in the Northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan illustrate the importance of tax planning on returns to a timber investment. The results support the need for adequate tax accounting.

scholarly journals The Impact of Federal and State Income Tax Liabilities on Timber Investments in the West

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Nathan R. Smith ◽  
Phillip Bailey ◽  
Harry Haney ◽  
Debra Salbador ◽  
John Greene
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
The West ◽  
Forest Landowners ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
State Tax ◽  
State Income Tax ◽  
State Income ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Federal and state income taxes are calculated for hypothetical forest landowners in two income brackets across 13 states in the West to illustrate the effects of differential state tax treatment. The income tax liability is calculated in a year in which the timber owners harvest $200,000 worth of timber. State income taxes range from highs of $19,693 for middle-income and $34,993 for high-income landowners in Oregon to no income tax in Alaska, Nevada, Washington and Wyoming. After-tax land expectation values for a forest landowner in Oregon are also calculated to illustrate the importance of tax planning on returns to a timber investment. The need for adequate tax accounting is supported by the results.

scholarly journals DAMPAK PERLAKUAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 46 TAHUN 2013 ATAS PAJAK PENGHASILAN PADA UMKM DI GRESIK

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Faiqotul Ilmia ◽  
Sri Andriani
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

In achieving the desired development by Indonesia, the government requires revenue from the State Tax Revenue and Non-Tax Revenues. One of the efforts undertaken by the Directorate General of Taxation (DGT) is enacted Government Regulation No. 46 of 2013, the tax base used is the gross turnover of each month at 1 % final income tax rates. The emergence of these regulations is to provide convenience for taxpayers in determining the amount of income tax payable, but enactment of these rules in the middle of giving trouble for taxpayers in the calculation, depositing and reporting taxes for the year 2013. Purpose of this study was to determine the impact of treatment of PP 46 of 2013 on income tax on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Gresik skull cap industry. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with the aim of obtaining a picture of the object that is easily observed in the form of words on the focus of research on the impact of the enactment of Regulation 46 of 2013. The 3 (three) object of research is no skull cap Industry SMEs in Gresik . Data analysis aims to simplify the data processed, making it easy to read and interpret. Data were collected by means of observation, interviews, documentation. Analysis of the data through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results showed that the enactment of Regulation 46 of 2013 not only creates difficulties in terms of computation, depositing and reporting just as effective mid-year, but still there who do not know the regulations in terms of both has been the enactment of these regulations and in terms of the calculation mechanism. As for other effects of the government’s enactment of legislation, namely the amount of income tax payable is higher than the income tax calculations using norm bookkeeping or net income.

The Effect of Seller Income Taxes on Acquisition Price: Evidence from Purchases of Taxable and Tax-Exempt Hospitals

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan S. Dhaliwal ◽  
Merle M. Erickson ◽  
Shane Heitzman
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Primary Difference ◽  
Tax Exempt ◽  
Tax Status ◽  
Lock In Effect ◽  
Lock In ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Acquisition Price

This paper investigates the impact of the seller's tax liability on the price paid in hospital acquisitions. Lock-in theory predicts that for a given asset, asset holders with larger tax liabilities demand a higher price to compensate for income tax liabilities generated on the sale. We apply this theory to a sample of hospital acquisitions by for-profit firms where the primary difference among target hospitals is the seller's tax status—either taxable or tax-exempt. Consistent with the predicted lock-in effect, the evidence indicates that purchase prices are higher when the seller is taxable than when the seller is tax-exempt. Thus, our findings suggest that seller tax liabilities are positively related to purchase prices.

The Impact of Corporate Income Tax on Gross Domestic Product - The Case of the Republic of Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-326
Author(s):  
Jadranka Đurović Todorović ◽  
Marina Đorđević ◽  
Marko Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The importance of certain tax forms for the economy of any country is confirmed by the fact that they can be used to impact on the achievement of fiscal aims as they play a significant role when it comes to their share in a total amount of public revenue of certain countries. Another important characteristic of taxes is that they can affect the trends of gross domestic product (GDP) as one of the most important economic indicators of achieved development of a national economy. It is for this reason that we must point out that the authors will pay special attention to determining the impact that corporate income tax has on trends of gross domestic product in the Republic of Serbia and their interdependency. This will provide an answer to a question whether corporate income taxes have a positive effect on gross domestic product trends and what is its relation with this indicator. On the basis of quantitative research, through the application of regression analysis, the authors will confirm or refute the hypothesis concerning this problem. Finally, we will reach a conclusion which will offer answers to questions related to the impact of this tax type tax on the gross domestic product trends, the extent of the impact and its nature – whether it has a positive or a negative effect on gross domestic product trends in the Republic of Serbia

scholarly journals Finances of the Nation: Net Income Tax Rates and the Changing Progressivity of the Cash Tax/Transfer System

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-593
Author(s):  
Tahsin Mehdi ◽  
Brian Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Effective Tax Rates ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Over Time

In this article, using new data released in 2019, Tahsin Mehdi and Brian Murphy examine changes in the progressivity of the federal and provincial income tax system, in conjunction with changes in the progressivity of federal and provincial cash transfers since 1992, by examining effective tax rates. Many of the major components of the system of income taxes and cash transfers have become somewhat more progressive collectively over time. This has resulted in an improved net tax position for lower-income taxfilers as well as the top third of taxfilers. On the other hand, taxfilers in the middle quintile have experienced a drop in their net tax position since 1992.

scholarly journals ANALISA DAMPAK REVALUASI ASET TETAP BERDASARKAN PERATURAN MENTERI KEUANGAN NO.191/PMK.010/2015 TAHUN 2015 DALAM PERHITUNGAN BEBAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN (Studi Kasus Pada Pt. XYZ di Mojokerto)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amar Syukroni ◽  
Hwihanus Hwihanus
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Industrial Services ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

ABSTRACTThis research discusses the implementation of revaluation of fixed assets by taking a case study at PT. XYZ in 2015. PT. XYZ is a company engaged in industrial services for a variety of special works of metals and metal goods. PT. XYZ conducts revaluation of fixed assets for taxation purposes. Tax regulations which are the basis for the revaluation of fixed assets at PT. XYZ is PMK 191 / PMK.010 / 2015, PMK 233 / PMK.03 / 2015, and PMK 29 / PMK.03 / 2016. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with the aim to determine the application of PMK 191 / PMK.010 / 2015 to the implementation of revaluation of fixed assets at PT. XYZ and the impact on the financial statements. The results of this study are the revaluation of fixed assets by PT. XYZ is in accordance with applicable tax regulations. Impact arising on the financial statements of PT. XYZ is an increase in the balance of fixed assets, equity, tax debt, and a decrease in the ratio of debt to equity. Tax implications that arise are PT. XYZ must pay taxes on revaluation of Rp 251,006,279. Depreciation expenses which increase due to increasing value of fixed assets are a deduction from operating income in the calculation of corporate tax expenses. However, it should also be considered that revaluation creates new costs, including appraisal services fees and Final Income Tax debt. Keywords: revaluation of fixed assets, taxes, PMK 191 / PMK.010 / 2015, financial statements

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL COMPETENCE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
А. Қарақожаева ◽  
А. Karakozhaeva
Keyword(s):  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
General Skills ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

Төртінші өнеркәсіптік революция еңбек нарығының өзгеруіне айтарлықтай әсер етеді - мамандықтар, жұмысқа деген көзқарастар өзгереді. Бүгінгі таңда компанияның жетістігі оның қызметкерлерінің технологияны, ең алдымен оны шығармашылық және жаңашылдықпен қолдана алу қабілетіне байланысты. Бұл мақалада компания қызметкерлерінің жаңа индустриялық революцияның әсерін қалай сезінетіні, бизнестің цифрлық трансформациялану жағдайында бейімделу үшін қандай дағдылар қажет екендігі, компаниядағы технологиялық қайта құруға дайын сызықтық кеңсе қызметкерлері және оларда қажетті дағдылары қаншалықты бар екендігі талданады. Жалпы дағдылардың ішінде адамның ерекше қабілеттеріне, эмоционалды интеллектке, шығармашылыққа, сыпайылыққа және т.б. қажеттілік артады деген тұжырым жасалды. Техникалық білімнің маңыздылығы артып келеді: бағдарламалық қамтамасыз етумен, бағдарламалаумен, жалпы цифрлық сауаттылықпен тиімді жұмыс істеу мүмкіндігі. Егер «жұмсақ» дағдылардың шартты бөлігі бүгінгі күні қызметкерлер арасында жеткілікті деңгейде дамыған болса, онда техникалық қабілеттер алаңдатады. Жалпы алғанда, сәтті және бәсекеге қабілетті жұмыс күшін құру үшін компаниялар екі бағытта әрекет етуі керек - нарықтың қажеттіліктеріне сәйкес дағдылар мен білім жүйесін қалыптастыру, сонымен қатар «өмір бойы білім алу» идеяларын, яғни үздіксіз өздігінен білім алуды насихаттау. The fourth industrial revolution has a significant impact on the transformation of the labor market - changing professions, approaches to work. Today, the success of a company depends on the ability of its employees to use technology, first of all, to do it creatively and innovatively. This article analyzes how staffs of companies feel the impact of the new industrial revolution, what skills are needed to adapt in the context of digital business transformation, are linear office workers ready for technological transformations in companies, and do they have the necessary skills. It is concluded that among the general skills there will grow a need for uniquely human abilities, such as emotional intelligence, creativity, sociability, etc. The importance of technical knowledge is growing: the ability to work effectively with software, programming, general digital literacy. If the conditional part of “soft” skills is developed among staffs at a sufficient level today, then technical abilities are of concern. In general, in order to create a successful and competitive workforce, companies need to act in two directions - to form training and monitoring systems of skills and knowledge in accordance with the needs of the market, as well as to promote the ideas of "lifelong learning", that is, continuously independent selfeducation.

The Consequences of Wynne and a Proposed Congressional Response

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Nancy B. Nichols ◽  
Blaise M. Sonnier
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Consistency Test ◽  
Individual Income ◽  
Commerce Clause ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Comptroller of the Treasury of Maryland v. Wynne held that Maryland's individual income tax law violates the Dormant Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution because it failed to grant a full credit against both the state and county income tax for income taxes paid to other states. The extension of the Dormant Commerce Clause and the application of the internal consistency test to individual income taxes may lead to taxpayer challenges in other states with individual income taxes. We identify four possible tax regimes that meet the internal consistency test under Wynne and provide an example of the impact of each regime on state and local government revenue in both the resident and nonresident state. We then review current state and local tax regimes, focusing on the 14 states with local income taxes and those that do not grant a tax credit for out-of-state local taxes paid by residents. We evaluate whether those tax regimes may be subject to challenge based on the Wynne decision. Finally, we suggest three policy options that Congress should consider to lessen the budgetary impact of Wynne on county and municipal governments and to allocate the cost of government based on income.

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