Psycholinguistics Analysis of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Patients’ Writing and Oral Speech (on the Example of the Autobiographical Texts)

Introduction. There are speech disorders as one of the psychopathology diagnostics criteria in ICD and DSM. However, the linguistic component is not enough studied, so the study topic is actual. The use of text analysis allows to apply psycholinguistics approach to the objectification of thinking disorders. The objective of the study was aimed to detect psycholinguistics features of oral and written speech in patients with schizophrenia.Methods and materials. Participants were 29 schizophrenia patients, 20 patients with personality disorder and 25 healthy participants. Methods: expert assessment, anamnestic assessment, experimental-psychological (tests of thinking, collect memories), linguistic analysis, statistical analysis.Results. Oral speech of patients with schizophrenia is complex and volume, the writing speech is «factual», lexically varied and low communicative. In oral and writing speech of patients with schizophrenia, there are three text types correlated with thinking disorders. Texts of patients with schizophrenia are less volume, simpler in structure, describe more facts than thoughts and feelings, unlike patients with personality disorder and healthy participants.Conclusion. Texts of patients with schizophrenia, personality disorder and healthy participants are different in formal linguistics characteristics. Such characteristics of the speech of patients suffering from schizophrenia as a lot of impersonal sentences describing object attribute, complexly organized speech, emphasis on describing emotions and oneself using the pronoun «I» allow to suppose that the patient has thinking disorders: thinking distortion by formal and latent ways of object attributions, thinking purposefulness disorder, thinking «versatility».

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A multinational case−control study comparing forensic and non-forensic patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: the EU-VIORMED project

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291721003433 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Giovanni de Girolamo ◽

Laura Iozzino ◽

Clarissa Ferrari ◽

Pawel Gosek ◽

Janusz Heitzman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Forensic Patients ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

History Of ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background The relationship between schizophrenia and violence is complex. The aim of this multicentre case–control study was to examine and compare the characteristics of a group of forensic psychiatric patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorders and a history of significant interpersonal violence to a group of patients with the same diagnosis but no lifetime history of interpersonal violence. Method Overall, 398 patients (221 forensic and 177 non-forensic patients) were recruited across five European Countries (Italy, Germany, Poland, Austria and the United Kingdom) and assessed using a multidimensional standardised process. Results The most common primary diagnosis in both groups was schizophrenia (76.4%), but forensic patients more often met criteria for a comorbid personality disorder, almost always antisocial personality disorder (49.1 v. 0%). The forensic patients reported lower levels of disability and better social functioning. Forensic patients were more likely to have been exposed to severe violence in childhood. Education was a protective factor against future violence as well as higher levels of disability, lower social functioning and poorer performances in cognitive processing speed tasks, perhaps as proxy markers of the negative syndrome of schizophrenia. Forensic patients were typically already known to services and in treatment at the time of their index offence, but often poorly compliant. Conclusions This study highlights the need for general services to stratify patients under their care for established violence risk factors, to monitor patients for poor compliance and to intervene promptly in order to prevent severe violent incidents in the most clinically vulnerable.

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Sleeping Stones and Other Implausible Agents: Agency of Subjects and Eye Movements in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

10.31234/osf.io/bnv5m ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chiara Barattieri di San Pietro ◽

Giovanni de Girolamo ◽

Claudio Luzzatti ◽

Marco Marelli

Keyword(s):

Fixation Duration ◽

Normal Population ◽

Lexical Representation ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Grammatical Subject ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Total Fixation ◽

The Subject ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Healthy Participants

This study aimed at testing the presence of a disrupted lexical representation of verbs thematic grid in people with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD).A silent-reading task was administered to 32 people with SSD and 32 matched healthy participants (HP). Stimuli were sentences including or not a semantic violation of the animacy trait of the subject. Data on Gaze Duration (GD), Total Fixation Duration (TFD) on verbs, and probability of go-back movements from the verb were recorded.When the anomalous grammatical subject was the Agent of the event, we found a significant increase of GD in HCs, but not in SSDs. In addition, when the anomalous subject was a Theme, SSDs displayed an increased probability of regressions, unlike HCs.These results are suggestive of a higher tolerability for anomalous Agents in SSD compared to the normal population, possibly derived from a disrupted lexical representation of the verb thematic grid.

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A Recurrent Question: What Is Borderline?

Journal of Personality Disorders ◽

10.1521/pedi_2018_32_348 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 341-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Maja Zandersen ◽

Mads Gram Henriksen ◽

Josef Parnas

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Diagnostic Category ◽

The United States ◽

Borderline Personality ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Similar Tendency ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

The Status ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Conceptual Difficulties

The status of borderline personality disorder (BPD) as a diagnostic category is a matter of continuing controversy. In the United States, BPD is one of the most frequent diagnoses of psychiatric inpatients, and a similar tendency emerges in Europe. Nearly all theoretical aspects of BPD have been questioned, including its very position as a personality disorder. In this article, we trace the evolution of the borderline concept from the beginning of the 20th century to the current psychometric research. We argue that the status of BPD is fraught with conceptual difficulties, including an unrecognized semantic drift of major phenomenological terms (e.g., identity), a lack of general principles for the distinction of BPD and the major psychiatric syndromes (e.g., schizophrenia spectrum disorders), and insufficient definitions of key nosological concepts. These difficulties illustrate general problems in today's psychiatry that require consideration.

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Anxiety symptoms in a major mood and schizophrenia spectrum disorders

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.04.007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

B. Karpov ◽

G. Joffe ◽

K. Aaltonen ◽

J. Suvisaari ◽

I. Baryshnikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Borderline Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Borderline Personality ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Comorbid Anxiety ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorders

AbstractBackgroundComorbid anxiety symptoms and disorders are present in many psychiatric disorders, but methodological variations render comparisons of their frequency and intensity difficult. Furthermore, whether risk factors for comorbid anxiety symptoms are similar in patients with mood disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders remains unclear.MethodsThe Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) was used to measure anxiety symptoms in psychiatric care patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SSA, n = 113), bipolar disorder (BD, n = 99), or depressive disorder (DD, n = 188) in the Helsinki University Psychiatric Consortium Study. Bivariate correlations and multivariate linear regression models were used to examine associations of depressive symptoms, neuroticism, early psychological trauma and distress, self-efficacy, symptoms of borderline personality disorder, and attachment style with anxiety symptoms in the three diagnostic groups.ResultsFrequent or constant anxiety was reported by 40.2% of SSA, 51.5% of BD, and 55.6% of DD patients; it was described as severe or extreme by 43.8%, 41.4%, and 41.2% of these patients, respectively. SSA patients were significantly less anxious (P = 0.010) and less often avoided anxiety-provoking situations (P = 0.009) than the other patients. In regression analyses, OASIS was associated with high neuroticism, symptoms of depression and borderline personality disorder and low self-efficacy in all patients, and with early trauma in patients with mood disorders.ConclusionsComorbid anxiety symptoms are ubiquitous among psychiatric patients with mood or schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and in almost half of them, reportedly severe. Anxiety symptoms appear to be strongly related to both concurrent depressive symptoms and personality characteristics, regardless of principal diagnosis.

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Cognitive Gain or Handicap: Magical Ideation and Self-Absorption in Clinical and Non-clinical Participants

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.613074 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

János Kállai ◽

Gábor Vincze ◽

Imre András Török ◽

Rita Hargitai ◽

Sándor Rózsa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Social Adaptation ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Magical Ideation ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Cognitive Gain ◽

Healthy Participants

Background: This study aimed to examine magical ideation and absorption traits across non-clinical and clinical groups to determine their potential adaptive and maladaptive functions.Method: We enrolled 760 healthy participants from neighboring communities (female = 53.2%). Moreover, we recruited 318 patients (female = 66.5%), which included 25, 183, and 110 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders, respectively. Potentially adaptive and maladaptive sociocognitive functions were measured to determine the role of magical ideation and self-absorption in patients with psychiatric disorders.Results: The degree of magical ideation and absorption gradually increased in the following order: anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Furthermore, enhanced self-absorption-related enhanced consciousness traits were essential indicators of the presence of self-integration weakness in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Conclusion: Magical ideation and psychological absorption may be considered as mental model construction functions, which result in both gains and handicaps in social adaptation.

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Performance-Based Assessment of Social Cognition in Borderline Versus Psychotic Psychopathology

Rorschachiana Journal of the International Society for the Rorschach ◽

10.1027/1192-5604/a000114 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 95-111

Author(s):

Jeremy M. Ridenour ◽

Katie C. Lewis ◽

John M. Poston ◽

Destiny N. Ciecalone

Keyword(s):

Social Cognition ◽

Borderline Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Borderline Personality ◽

Partial Support ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Performance Based Assessment ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Social Causality

Abstract. Individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are known to display deficits in social cognition (SC). Our sample comprised 81 patients enrolled in residential treatment for complex psychopathology. We used performance-based assessments to test the hypothesis that individuals with SSD would display decrements on the cognitive/perceptual facets of SC, whereas individuals with BPD would evidence greater dysfunction on the affective/interpersonal facets of SC, with consideration taken for how gender may interact with diagnosis to influence results. Our findings suggested that women with SSD displayed more impaired understanding of social causality compared with their female BPD counterparts, while female patients with BPD evidenced greater expectation for aggression in their SC compared with women with SSD. These findings provide partial support for our hypotheses while highlighting the importance of accounting for the influence of gender on SC functional disparities between these two groups.

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Dynamic occupation assessment of executive function in adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: An initial report

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

pp. 894-899 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. Chubarov ◽

E. Sommerfeld ◽

H. Hermesh ◽

G. Shoval ◽

M. Weiser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Card Sorting ◽

Initial Report ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Healthy Participants

AbstractObjectiveThis study presents an initial evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Dynamic Occupation Assessment of Executive Function (DOAEF), a new tool designed to assess adolescents’ executive function (EF) in daily situations and offering two levels of mediation through the administration process.MethodIn the preliminary study, we tested 22 healthy adolescents. In the advanced stage, the instrument was administered to 105 healthy adolescents and to another 92 adolescents diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Information regarding EF was assessed by the DOAEF and Wisconsin Card Sorting Computer Version Test (WCST-CV-64).ResultsInter-rater, test–retest and internal consistency indices were found to be satisfactory. Correlation between the DOAEF and the WCST-CV-64 scores supports the DOAEF's convergent validity. Significant differences were found between the healthy participants and the adolescents diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, thus supporting the DOAEF's criterion validity.ConclusionThe DOAEF may be useful in assessing the level of mediation, which patients need for the comprehension of daily situations in which EFs are required.

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Study of Pathological Personality as a Modulating Factor of Schizotypy

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71405-1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

L. Moreno ◽

J. Valero ◽

A.M. Gaviria ◽

A. Hernández ◽

J.A. Gutiérrez-Zotes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Normal Population ◽

Emotional Dysregulation ◽

Point Of View ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Social Avoidance ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorders

Aims:From a dimensional point of view, the schizotypal features would be continuously distributed in normal population and individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. in the latter, differences have been found in personality traits between the diagnostic categories of the dimension, and also different schizotypy scores between them. in this study our main objective was to specify the domains and traits of pathological personality that can be considered risk factors for schizotypy.Method:SPQ and DAPP-BQ were administered to a sample of 91 subjects that were divided in four groups: psychotic patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, siblings of patients from this spectrum, patients with personality disorders, and healthy controls.Results:Patients with personality disorders presented the highest scores of schizotypy measured with SPQ, followed by psychotic patients, siblings, and finally the healthy controls. both groups of patients obtained higher pathological personality scores compared to siblings and controls. in the psychotic patients and their siblings emotional dysregulation, dissocial behavior and inhibition domains correlated with the SPQ factors, while in the personality disorder patients SPQ correlated only with inhibition. the trait social avoidance appears to be a predictive variable of psychometric schizotypy.Conclusions:Pathological personality underlying the schizotypy of psychotic patients of schizophrenia spectrum and their siblings is different from that of the personality disorder group. Social avoidance is a risk factor for schizotypy measured with SPQ.

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