scholarly journals Effects of Environmentally Relevant Ammonium Nitrate Levels Caused by Agricultural Activities on Four Amphibian Species in The Eastern Black Sea Region

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 2604-2617
Author(s):  
Handan Karaoglu
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Prolonged Time ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Green Toad

Within the scope of this research, the chronic effects of ammonium nitrate, which is the most widely used fertilizer worldwide, on the tadpoles of Marsh Frog (Pelophylax ridibundus), the Iranian Long-Legged Frog (Rana macrocnemis), the Caucasian Parsley Frog (Pelodytes caucasicus) and the Variable Green Toad (Bufotes variabilis) were examined. To assess the chronic effects of the fertilizer, the tadpoles of all the species were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mg/L concentrations in same conditions. The chronic concentrations were applied from the 25th developmental stage to the 42nd developmental stage. It was defined at the end of the experiments that although there were some variability between different populations of the same species or between different species in the observed effects, chronic levels of ammonium nitrate caused decreased growth rate, prolonging in time to complete metamorphosis, increased abnormalities, and mortality in general. Among the 4 amphibian species, the Variable Green Toad was the most damaged one in terms of growth reduction (on average 31-41 %), abnormality rates (on average 50-75 %), prolonged time to complete metamorphose (14-21 days on average) and mortality rates (%54-100). The most adaptive species and the least damaged one was an Iranian long-legged frog for growth reduction (on average 0-15 %), prolonged time to complete metamorphose (7-9 days on average), and mortality rates (%9-15). All the harmful effects of chronic fertilizer levels caused by agricultural activities in the region had very important for examined species in our researches and it can be said that important environmental and biodiversity problems may occur if certain precautions are not taken regarding the use of the fertilizers and if the attitudes of the farmers on this issue cannot be changed.

scholarly journals Effects of Acute Ammonium Nitrate Levels Caused by Agricultural Activities on Four Amphibian Species in The Eastern Black Sea Region

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 2618-2626
Author(s):  
Handan Karaoglu
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Marsh Frog ◽  
Green Toad ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Rana Macrocnemis

The tadpoles of four amphibian species, namely the Marsh Frog (Pelophylax ridibundus), the Iranian Long-Legged Frog (Rana macrocnemis), the Caucasian Parsley Frog (Pelodytes caucasicus) and the Variable Green Toad (Bufotes variabilis), were exposed to acute concentrations (0 to 500 mg/L) of ammonium nitrate to assess the lethal effects (larval growth, abnormalities, mortality, and LC50 values). Eggs of each species were obtained from clean and polluted habitats in the same region and the tadpoles for experiments were provided from those eggs in the laboratory conditions. Although there was some variability between different populations of the same species or between different species in the observed effects, acute levels of ammonium nitrate caused decreased growth rate and increased abnormalities and mortality in general. Among the 4 amphibian species, the Variable Green Toad was the most damaged one in terms of growth reduction (on average 77-83%), and abnormality rates, and the most damaged one in terms of mortality rates was the Marsh Frog (on average 61-72%). Additionally, the species with the lowest concentration of ammonium nitrate, which killed half of its population, was the Marsh Frog. LC50 values for two populations of Marsh Frog were 37 and 59 mg/L. As a result of our research, it was determined that the acute fertilizer levels caused by agricultural activities in the region had very important harmful effects for all the species we examined. In this context, it can be said that very important environmental and biodiversity problems may occur if certain precautions are not taken regarding the use of the fertilizers and if the awareness of the farmers using these fertilizers cannot be raised.

scholarly journals Influence of ammonium nitrate on larval anti-predatory responses of two amphibian species

2010 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel E. Ortiz-Santaliestra ◽  
María José Fernández-Benéitez ◽  
Adolfo Marco ◽  
Miguel Lizana
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Amphibian Species

scholarly journals To the study of herpetofauna of "Yelanetskyi steppe" nature reserve and adjoined territоries

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
O. Nekrasova ◽  
O. Marushchak ◽  
O. Oskyrko
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Marsh Frog ◽  
Pond Turtle ◽  
Green Toad ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
Sand Lizard ◽  
The Common

As a result of monitoring research conducted in 2015-2017 on the territory of the nature reserve “Yelanetskyi steppe" and adjacent areas, 5 amphibian species (fire-bellied toad, green toad, common spadefoot, marsh frog, H. arborea) and 7 species of reptiles (sand lizard, green lizard, blotched snake, large whipsnake, grass snake, dice snake, pond turtle). The presence of some of the species specified in the project of the reserve creation, namely pond turtle, green lizard, large whipsnake, steppe viper, common toad and common newt has not been confirmed on the reserve's territory. The presence of 8 species was registered directly on the territory of the reserve, and another 4 species were registered in the vicinity of the rivers Gromokliya and Gniloy Yelanets. The most numerous among the identified amphibians are the semi-terrestrial species, such as the common spadefoot and the marsh frog. Sand lizard is the most widespread reptile species within the reserve territory and its population is characterized by an exceptional variety of coloration morphology. It should be noted that for more than a 30-year period a unique numerous population of the blotched snake has been preserved here. According to original data, more than two dozen snake specimens were registered in the vicinity of the Rosa beam. Due to climatic changes, it is proposed to expand the reserve's territory in ecotone river areas where there are finds of blotched snakes and large whipsnakes (RBU, 2009), green lizards (RBU, 2009) and pond turtles (IUCN (LR/NT)) to conserve biodiversity and protect rare species. In particular, the expansion of the boundaries of the reserve is necessary in the context of climate change, as it leads to a shift in the natural habitats of certain amphibian and reptile species, and is also an important step towards the expansion of the Emerald Network of Ukraine

scholarly journals Growth and Mortality Rates of Cornu aspersum: Organic Snail Culture System, Black Sea Region

2019 ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
M. Yeşim Çelik ◽  
Mehmet Bedrettin Duman ◽  
Merve Sarıipek ◽  
Gülşen Uzun Gören ◽  
Dilara Kaya öztürk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Cornu Aspersum

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE ON SENSITIVITY TO AMMONIUM NITRATE OF AQUATIC STAGES OF AMPHIBIANS

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel E. Ortiz-Santaliestra ◽  
Adolfo Marco ◽  
María José Fernández ◽  
Miguel Lizana
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate

Toxic effects of two commercial polybrominated diphenyl ethers on Artemia larvae at three developmental stages

Crustaceana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Qingtian Zhang ◽  
Sifan Guo ◽  
Guikun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Abnormal Behaviour ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Toxic effects of two commercial products, penta-BDE (DE-71) and octa-BDE (DE-79), on larvae of the brine shrimp, Artemia, were studied. Results showed that their toxic effects were related not only to the concentration and exposure time, but also to the developmental stage of Artemia. Newly hatched Artemia nauplii showed stronger tolerance than those at metanauplius stage or pseudoadult stage, while DE-71 showed a stronger toxic effect than DE-79 to some extent. Abnormal behaviour of Artemia larvae might occur within 12 h, and sometimes mortality rates increased quickly even if there was no death within 36 h. Both DE-71 and DE-79 showed significant influences on the body length of Artemia larvae within 24 h; the higher the concentration, the stronger the inhibition. As far as a toxic testing standard is concerned, further experimental studies on the selection of Artemia population and developmental stage are essential.

scholarly journals Thirteen polymorphic microsatellite markers for the European green toad Bufo viridis viridis, a declining amphibian species

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Dufresnes ◽  
Caroline Betto-Colliard ◽  
Nicolas Perrin ◽  
Matthias Stöck
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Bufo Viridis ◽  
Green Toad ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
Toad Bufo

scholarly journals Effect of Age and Handling on Subsequent Growth and Development of Areca Palm, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, Seedlings

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-93
Author(s):  
Paul K. Murakami ◽  
Fred D. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Early Developmental Stage ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Effect Of Age

This study was initiated to determine the optimal stage to transplant Areca Palm, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl., seedlings and to determine their tolerance to adverse handling during transplanting. Best growth and less plant loss occurred when transplanting was done at an early developmental stage (spike or 1st-leaf stage compared to 2nd-leaf stage). Growth reduction and losses were minimized when minimum root disturbance and desiccation occurred.

scholarly journals The Effect of Endosulfan in GnRH and GtH Genes Expression of Male Hard-Lipped Barb (Osteochilus vittatus C.V.)

Molekul ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Asrul Sahri Siregar ◽  
Pudji Astuti ◽  
Yulia Sistina ◽  
Norman Arie Prayogo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Organochlorine Insecticide ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level

The presence of pollutants in water makes the environment toxic to all living biota and affects reproduction in fish. One of such pollutants is endosulfan, which is an off-patent organochlorine insecticide, widely used in various agricultural activities. Endosulfan is extremely toxic to fish and all other aquatic organisms, showing a range of chronic effects, including genotoxicity, and reproductive issues. Therefore, the aim of the research was to find the effect of endosulfan on cGnRH, sGnRH, GtH-I and GtH-II gene expression inmale hard-lipped barb fish. These fish were kept in aquarium containing several levels of endosulfan (0 mg/L [control]; 0.88 mg/L [low level]; 1.76 mg/L [medium level]; and 2.64 mg/L [high] level) for 60 days. The effects of endosulfan on GnRH performance on the fishwere evaluated by the expressions of these genes; cGnRH-II, sGnRH, GtH-I, and GtH-II. In the 8th week, there was a decrease in the expression of all the four genes in fish with high dose of endosulfan compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These findings showedthat endosulfan inhibits the expression of cGnRH, sGnRH, GtH-I and GtH-II genes in male hard-lipped barb.

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