scholarly journals Diferencias en los estilos de vida de escolares españoles y migrantes | Lifestyle differences between Spanish national and migrant students

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (25) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Jiménez Boraita ◽  
Josep María Dalmau Torres ◽  
Esther Gargallo Ibort ◽  
Daniel Arriscado Alsina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Migrant Students ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
La Rioja ◽  
Dieta Mediterranea ◽  
Dieta Mediterránea

La población migrante constituye una parte importante de nuestra realidad social y escolar. Para favorecer su integración en el sistema educativo, es preciso conocer sus hábitos de vida. El objetivo del estudio fue analizarlos y compararlos con los de sus pares españoles. Se seleccionó una muestra representativa de alumnos de sexto de Educación Primaria de Logroño (La Rioja), obteniendo un total de 329 escolares de los 31 centros de la ciudad. Se les administraron cuestionarios de actividad física (PAQ-C), adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (KIDMED), características demográficas y hábitos de vida. También se valoró su composición corporal y condición física.  El alumnado migrante tenía un nivel socioeconómico y cultural más bajo, además de una menor asistencia al comedor y menor práctica de actividad deportiva organizada. A pesar de esto último, no hubo diferencias en los niveles de actividad física o en la capacidad aeróbica. Por otro lado, reportaron una menor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, sin embargo, no hubo diferencias en la composición corporal. Por último, pasaban más horas frente a la pantalla y dormían menos por la noche, variables que podrían estar relacionadas. Las intervenciones sanitarias y educativas deberían valorar estos resultados para favorecer la plena inclusión de la población migrante.AbstractThe immigrant population constitutes an important part of society in both social and educational contexts. In order to assist in the integration of migrants into the education system, it is crucial to understand their lifestyle habits. The objective of the present study was to analyze and compare lifestyle habits between migrants and their Spanish counterparts. A representative sample of 329 students attending the sixth year of primary school was recruited from 31 educational centers in the city of Logroño (La Rioja). Participants self-reported their physical activity (PAQ-C), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (KIDMED), demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits. Data for body composition and physical condition were also collected. Students from an immigrant background reported a lower socioeconomic status and cultural status, besides in reduced attendance to school dining rooms and reduce their engagement in physical activity. With regards to physical activity, there were no differences between Spanish national or migrant students in levels of physical activity or in aerobic capacity. On the other hand, migrant students did report a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Despite this finding, no differences in body composition were reported. Finally, immigrant students reported a higher screen time and slept fewer hours per night, outcomes which could be intrinsically related. The findings of the present research have implications for the development of health and/or educative interventions for the complete integration of the immigrant population.

scholarly journals Adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea, Motivos para la Práctica de Ejercicio Físico y Composición Corporal en Adolescentes Islandeses (Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Motives for Physical Exercise and Body Composition in Icelandic Adolescents)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 552-559
Author(s):  
Pablo Galan-Lopez ◽  
Thordis Gisladóttir ◽  
Francis Ries
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Grasa Corporal ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Dieta Mediterranea ◽  
Dieta Mediterránea

La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM) y una práctica regular de ejercicio físico se asocian positivamente con una mejor calidad de vida y con una reducción de los niveles de sobrepeso, obesidad y patologías asociadas. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, motivos para la práctica de ejercicio físico y posibles relaciones con los elementos de composición corporal (IMC, % Grasa Corporal y Circunferencia de Cintura) en 387 adolescentes islandeses (54% chicos, 46% chicas, Medad=15.03). Se realizaron análisis de Chi-cuadrado (χ2), t-Student y Anova. La adherencia a la DM de los sujetos se clasifica media/alta. Los valores más bajos se encontraron en sujetos de mayor edad. La práctica de ejercicio físico de los mismos participantes en este estudio responde a motivaciones intrínsecas (Diversión y Bienestar, Fuerza y Resistencia Muscular, Desafío, Competición, Agilidad y Flexibilidad, Afiliación, Prevención y Salud Positiva). La investigación arroja asociaciones entre adherencia a la DM y elementos de composición corporal; así como entre IMC y porcentaje de grasa con motivos de práctica de ejercicio físico (peso e imagen corporal). En conclusión, el conocimiento generado en la presente investigación hace posible la comprensión y el acercamiento en mayor profundidad a las motivaciones del alumnado participante, así como sus niveles de adherencia a la DM. Todo ello habrá de ser utilizado por los docentes de Educación Física (EF) para la planificación, diseño y desarrollo de su docencia.Abstract: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and regular practice of physical exercise are positively associated with better quality of life and with reduction of the levels of overweight, obesity, and associated pathologies. This study aims to analyze adherence to the Mediterranean diet, reasons for exercising and possible relationships with elements of body composition (BMI, Body Fat %, and Waist Circumference) in 387 Icelandic adolescents (54% boys, 46% Girls, Mage=15.03). Chi-Square (χ2), t-student test, and Anova analyses were performed. Subjects’ adherence to MD is classified as medium/high. The lowest values were found in older subjects. Physical exercise practice of the participants in this study responds to intrinsic motivations (Revitalization and Enjoyment, Strength and Endurance, Challenge, Competition, Nimbleness and Affiliation). The research shows associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and elements of body composition; as well as between BMI and percentage of fat with reasons of physical exercise practice (Weight Management and Body Image). In conclusion, the knowledge generated in this research makes possible to understand and approach with better precision participating students’ motivations, as well as their levels of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. All this will have to be used by Physical Education teachers for planning, designing and developing their teaching.

Multiple approaches to associations of physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet with all-cause mortality in older adults: the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea study

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1569-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cárdenas-Fuentes ◽  
Isaac Subirana ◽  
Miguel A. Martinez-Gonzalez ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
Dolores Corella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Dieta Mediterranea ◽  
Dieta Mediterránea

scholarly journals Diferencias en los niveles de actividad física, grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y autoconcepto físico en adolescentes en función del sexo (Gender differences in physical activity levels, degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and physi

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Alejandro Tapia López
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Dieta Mediterranea ◽  
Dieta Mediterránea

El propósito de este trabajo es conocer los niveles de actividad física, el grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y el autoconcepto físico en una muestra de estudiantes de 3º y 4º de la ESO de Benidorm (España). Además, se pretende conocer si existen diferencias en función del sexo en las distintas variables estudiadas. El número de participantes es de 189, siendo el 47.62% chicos (n = 90) y el 52.38% chicas (n = 99), con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 17 años (M = 14.76, DT = 0.75). Se han utilizado diversos instrumentos como el cuestionario sobre la práctica de actividad física (elaboración propia), el cuestionario KIDMED y el cuestionario de autoconcepto físico (CAF). Los resultados de la investigación revelan la necesidad urgente de actuación para la mejora de la adherencia a la actividad física y un adecuado patrón alimentario (dieta mediterránea), observándose diferencias en función del sexo en los niveles de actividad física pero no en el grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Asimismo, se observan peores puntuaciones en todas las escalas del autoconcepto físico en las chicas, a excepción del atractivo físico. Resulta necesaria una actuación para fomentar hábitos saludables en adolescentes que haga partícipe a las familias, los centros educativos y las administraciones públicas. Abstract. The purpose of this project is to assess physical activity levels, degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and physical self-concept in a sample of students from 3rd and 4th grade of ESO (Compulsory Secondary Education) in Benidorm (Spain). Furthermore, it aims to see if there are differences by gender in the studied variables. The sample is composed by 189 students, 47.62% of which are boys (n = 90), and 52.38% are girls (n = 99). Their ages vary from 14 to 17 years old (M = 14.76, DT = 0.75). Different tools, such as an ad-hoc questionnaire about their physical activity, the KIDMED questionnaire, and the physical self-concept questionnaire (CAF), were employed. The results of this research reveal an urgent necessity for action to improve adherence to physical activity and to an adequate diet (Mediterranean diet); the statistical differences between boys and girls are significant in physical activity levels, but not in the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Likewise, worse results are observed in all measurements of physical self-concept in girls, with the exception of physical attractiveness. In order to promote healthy habits in adolescents, it appears necessary to carry out an action plan that involves families, schools, and public administrations.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Body Composition in Nutrition and Dietetic Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Servet Madencioğlu ◽  
Sevinç Yücecan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Near East ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Nutrition And Dietetics ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIntroductionThe determination of level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in young adults has been investigated in countries situated near the Mediterranean region generally. The main purpose of this study were to determine differences in body composition by gender and level of adherence to the MD and to determine the relationship between body composition and level of adherence to the MD in Nutrition and Dietetics students at Near East University in Cyprus.Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted on 126 Nutrition and Dietetics students, aged 18 to 32 years. MDS was calculated, and then classified into three groups: good (36–55 points), moderate (21–35 points), and poor (0–20 points). Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance (BIA). Anthropometrical measurements; height (H), body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were assessed according to standardized procedures and physical activity (PA) was assessed by using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-short form). The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee at Near East University.ResultsAccording to study results 31.0% of students were found out to low adherence, while 69.0% of students had moderate adherence to the MD. There is no student had high adherence to the MD. There was no significant difference (p = 0.877) between the male and female students in terms of adherence to Mediterranean diet. The findings indicate that the eating habits of the Nutrition and Dietetics students, even those studying nutrition, are in need of improvement. The results show that 78.6% of students were normal and 21.4% of students were overweight and obese. Male students’ BW (p = 0.000), WC (p = 0.000) and HC (p = 0.015) were higher than females’, while female students’ fat mass (FM) (p = 0.000) was higher than males’. However, there is no significant difference between BW (p = 0.724), FM (p = 0.896), BMI (p = 0.691), WC (p = 0.632) and HC (p = 0.982) neither low adherence nor moderate adherence to the MD. Most of students minimal active according to IPAQ scores (41.2%) and there is no significant difference IPAQ score and adherence to the MD (p = 0.923).DiscussionOne of the healthiest diets worldwide is the traditional MD. Several studies have shown, that higher adherence to the MD is inversely related with BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHR). Little is known of how adherence to the MD is related to body composition, especially in university students. Further large-scale studies are required to clarify the relationship between adherence to the MD and body composition

scholarly journals Habits, preferences and culinary skills of first-year students at the university of Huelva

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema López Nieves ◽  
Elena Sosa Cordobés ◽  
Almudena Garrido Fernández ◽  
Gabriel Travé González ◽  
Francisca María García-Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
First Year ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The University ◽  
Dieta Mediterranea ◽  
Dieta Mediterránea

Introducción: Los estudiantes universitarios se encuentran en un periodo crítico para el desarrollo y consolidación de estilos de vida futuros. El objetivo fue conocer los hábitos alimentarios, preferencias alimentarias y habilidades culinarias del alumnado de primer curso de las distintas titulaciones de la Universidad de Huelva.Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal durante el año académico 2015-2016 de una muestra final de 756 alumnos. La adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea se ha medido a través del cuestionario KIDMED. El resto de variables se han recogido mediante un cuestionario ad hoc. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante el PSPP, calculándose medias, desviaciones típicas y porcentajes para el análisis descriptivo, prueba de Chi-cuadrado y ANOVA para el análisis relacional.Resultados: El 20,4% del alumnado tiene un nivel óptimo de adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea, frente al 65,3% que posee un nivel medio y un 14,3% bajo. Los alimentos preferidos son pollo (62,2%), pasta (58,2%), cerdo (50,4%) y las patatas fritas (45,9%). Entre los alimentos que saben preparar están la pasta, (93,8%), patatas con huevo (90.2 %), pizza precocinada (88.7 %), zumo (86.1 %) y carne a la plancha (85.8 %).Conclusiones: La dieta de los estudiantes onubenses es muy similar a la de otras poblaciones universitarias estudiadas. Se encontró preferencia por las carnes y alimentos ricos en glúcidos, en detrimento de la fruta y la verdura. Se observó un déficit en las habilidades culinarias, lo cual podría explicar el deterioro del patrón alimentario de éstos y orientar futuras intervenciones. Introduction: Students attending university are at a critical period for the development and consolidation of future lifestyles. The objective of this study was to know the eating habits, food preferences and culinary skills of first-year students on different degree courses at the University of Huelva.Material and Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study in academic year 2015-2016 of a sample of 756 students. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was measured by the KIDMED questionnaire. The rest of the variables were measured by an ad hoc questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the PSPP programme, calculating arithmetic means, standard deviations and percentages for the descriptive analysis, with Chi-square test and ANOVA for the relational analysis.Results: 20.4% of students have an optimal level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, compared to 65.3% % with an average level and 14.3% with low adherence. Favourite foods cited were chicken (62.2%), pasta (58.2%), pork (50.4%) and chips (45.9%). The types of food the students knew how to prepare included pasta (93.8%), egg and chips (90.2%), precooked pizza (88.7%), fruit juices (86.1%) and grilled meat (85.8%).Conclusions: Huelva university students diet is very similar to that of other university populations studied. We found a preference for meat and foods rich in carbohydrates, to the detriment of fruit and vegetables. A lack of culinary skills was observed, which could explain the deterioration in eating habits; this is a pointer to future interventions.

scholarly journals Design and development of an instrument to measure overall lifestyle habits for epidemiological research: the Mediterranean Lifestyle (MEDLIFE) index

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Sotos-Prieto ◽  
Belén Moreno-Franco ◽  
Jose M Ordovás ◽  
Montse León ◽  
Jose A Casasnovas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractObjectiveTo design and develop a questionnaire that can account for an individual’s adherence to a Mediterranean lifestyle including the assessment of diet and physical activity patterns, as well as social interaction.DesignThe Mediterranean Lifestyle (MEDLIFE) index was created based on the current Spanish Mediterranean food guide pyramid. MEDLIFE is a twenty-eight-item derived index consisting of questions about food consumption (fifteen items), traditional Mediterranean dietary habits (seven items) and physical activity, rest and social interaction habits (six items). Linear regression models and Spearman rank correlation were fitted to assess content validity and internal consistency.SettingA subset of participants in the Aragon Workers’ Health Study cohort (Zaragoza, Spain) provided the data for development of MEDLIFE.SubjectsParticipants (n 988) of the Aragon Workers’ Health Study cohort in Spain.ResultsMean MEDLIFE score was 11·3 (sd 2·6; range: 0–28), and the quintile distribution of MEDLIFE score showed a significant association with each of the individual items as well as with specific nutrients and lifestyle indicators (intra-validity). We also quantified MEDLIFE correspondence with previously reported diet quality indices and found significant correlations (ρ range: 0·44–0·53; P<0·001) for the Alternate Healthy Eating Index, the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Index and Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener.ConclusionsMEDLIFE is the first index to include an overall assessment of lifestyle habits. It is expected to be a more holistic tool to measure adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle in epidemiological studies.

Effects of lifestyles and the Mediterranean diet on elderly people’s quality of life according to gender / Efectos de los estilos de vida y la dieta mediterránea en la calidad de vida en personas mayores en función del género

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 225-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Clement-Carbonell ◽  
Rosario Ferrer-Cascales ◽  
Ana Zaragoza-Martí ◽  
Nicolás Ruiz-Robledillo ◽  
Manuel Fernández-Alcántara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Dieta Mediterranea ◽  
Dieta Mediterránea

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Body Mass, and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the Split-Dalmatia County (Croatia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3237
Author(s):  
Lejla Obradovic Salcin ◽  
Zeljka Karin ◽  
Vesna Miljanovic Damjanovic ◽  
Marko Ostojic ◽  
Andrea Vrdoljak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Random Factor ◽  
The Mediterranean

Physical activity, body mass, and dietary habits are known to be important determinants of overall health status, but there is an evident lack of studies that examine these issues specifically in preschool children. The aim of this study was to identify associations that may exist between adhering to the Mediterranean diet (MD), levels of physical activity (PA), and body composition indices in apparently healthy preschool children from southern Croatia. Participants were 5- to 6-year-old preschoolers from the Mediterranean part of the country (the Split-Dalmatia County; n = 260, 126 females). Adherence to the MD was observed by the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED), PA level was evaluated by the Preschool-age Children’s Physical Activity Questionnaire (Pre-PAQ), and responses were collected from the parents. The participants’ waist circumferences (in cm), waist-to-hip ratios, and body mass index (in kg/m2, and in a z-score calculated relative to the normative value for age and sex) were used as indicators of body composition. All children were of the same age and tested over a one-month period of the same year as a part of the regular examination undertaken before attending elementary school. With only 6% of the children having a low KIDMED score, adherence to the MD was high. MD adherence was higher in girls (Chi-square = 15.31, p < 0.01) and children who live on the coast of the Adriatic Sea (Chi-square = 18.51, p < 0.01). A mixed effects logistic regression (with kindergarten as random factor) identified sedentary activity to be negatively associated with MD adherence (OR per point: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.44–0.91). High adherence to the MD in the studied sample may be attributed to regulated feeding in kindergarten. Considering that most Croatian elementary schools do not provide food to their students, MD adherence should be investigated later in life and also in other parts of the country where the MD is culturally less prevalent.

scholarly journals Niveles de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea e inteligencia emocional en estudiantes del tercer ciclo de educación primaria de la provincia de Granada (Levels of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and emotional intelligence in students of the third cycl

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Eduardo Melguizo Ibáñez ◽  
Félix Zurita Ortega ◽  
Jose Luis Ubago Jiménez ◽  
Gabriel González Valero
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The Third ◽  
Emotional Attention ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Mood Scale ◽  
Educación Primaria ◽  
Dieta Mediterranea ◽  
Dieta Mediterránea

  La dieta mediterránea está considerada como uno de los modelos dietéticos más sanos y convenientes, por eso el objetivo principal de esta investigación es detallar el tipo de dieta y los niveles de inteligencia emocional en los estudiantes, así como establecer las relaciones entre estas variables. Por esta razón, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de carácter descriptivo donde han participado un total de 293 estudiantes de la provincia de Granada, usando para la recogida de los datos un cuestionario socio académico ad hoc, y los test KIDMED y Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24). Finalmente, los datos aluden que un elevado porcentaje de sujetos practican más de tres horas de actividad física fuera del colegio y necesitan mejorar la dieta, mientras que más de la mitad de la población que exhibe una dieta de baja calidad, refleja una adecuada atención emocional. Abstract. Mediterranean diet is widely believed to be one of the most convenient and healthiest around. The primary aim of this research is to detail the type of diet and emotional intelligence levels in students, as well as corroborating the connection between these factors. To this end, a descriptive investigation has been carried out with 293 students from the province of Granada, using both a socio-academic questionnaire and two tests, KIDMED and Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) respectively, in order to collect a comprehensive dataset. Finally, the data reveals that a high percentage of students who practice more than three hours of physical activity out of the school need to improve their diet, whilst more than half of the students who show a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, manifest a suitable level of emotional attention.

scholarly journals Body Composition, Dietary, and Gustatory Function Assessment in People With Alzheimer’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 508-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael San Mauro Martín ◽  
Víctor Paredes Barato ◽  
Sara López Oliva ◽  
Marta Rodríguez ◽  
Luis Collado Yurrita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Diet Adherence ◽  
Gustatory Function ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Adherence ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Difference

Objectives: Observe the association of foods habits, body composition, lifestyle habits, and loss of gustatory function with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: This comparative study enrolled 75 patients with AD (mean age 77.5 years) and 267 healthy volunteers (mean age 73 years). Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), body fat, visceral fat, muscle mass, and waist circumference were measured. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured by the Mediterranean-Diet-Adherence Screener. Gustatory function was investigated using a threshold and triangle test. Results: Cases with AD presented lower BMI and weight and higher sleep hours, being statistically significant the difference between cases and controls ( P = .02; P = .001; P = .001, respectively). Patients with AD showed lower adherence to exercise and Mediterranean diet as shown by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener–score (8.12 ± 2.5 vs 8.65 ± 2.4). The gustatory function was impaired in patients with AD when compared to controls. Conclusion: Patients with AD show worst outcomes in terms of anthropometric measurements, lifestyle habits (diet, exercise), and gustatory function than controls.

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