scholarly journals LOCAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON THE EXAMPLE OF “MEDOBORY” NATURE RESERVE DURING 2006-2020

Author(s):  
Iryna Bugalska

The analysis of the main meteorological indicators, given according to the data of hydrometeorological post  in the village of Hrymailiv for the last fifteen years, is presented. The dynamics of changes in the average annual, monthly and daily, minimum, maximum air temperatures, precipitation, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, etc. has been studied for the Nature Reserve "Medobory", the analysis of climatic features of months for the period of 2006-2020 is carried out. The temperature mode of the Reserve during the year is marked by considerable fluctuations of temperatures: from + 18,9ºС in July to -4,7ºС in January. The established duration of seasons is marked by strong variability, which is a sign of climate changing: the shortest and latest winter in the period of investigation recorded in 2016, began on December 29 and lasted 42 days, and the longest one - in 2018, lasted 130 days; the longest spring was in 2020 - 116 days, the shortest one - in 2018, lasted 30 days. The longest summer in 2018 lasted 147 days; in 2017-2018 a significant decrease in average daily air temperatures in the first half of July was observed; August and September parts of summer in 2016-2020 were hot, with fairly high maximums and very little precipitation. The latest beginning of autumn for the entire observation period is September 27, 2020, the shortest season - in 2016, only 53 days. The duration of autumn decreases, the average value reaches 75 days, the duration of summer increases - 112 days. It is noted that the nature of precipitation has changed - rain falls in the form of heavy, short-term showers, for one downpour the monthly norm of precipitations can fall out; over the last five years, the average length of the growing season has increased by 19 days and 13 days more than the average for fifteen years,  the sum of active temperatures above the average for the last five years by 299.3ºC, for the last fifteen years - by 183.5ºС. On the territory of the Nature Reserve "Medobory" other local manifestations of climate changing were recorded, expressed as follows: the average annual air temperature over the past five years increased by 0.5 ° C (the warmest for the entire observation period was 2020 with an average temperature of 10, 1ºС, just then there were 43 days in winter (61%) with positive daily average air temperatures); meteorological natural phenomena of nature became more frequent: heavy rains, snowfalls, heavy hail showers, ice, fogs, dust storms, ice frosting-up; exceeded the maximum air temperature for the last five years: October 3, 2016 (27.0 ° C), August 3, 2017 (38.5 ° C), May 25, 2018 (34.0 ° C), 21 June 2018 (34.0ºC), March 31, 2019 (21.2ºC), and the minimum - June 8, 2016 (0.0°C), July 7, 2017 (4.7°C), September 30, 2018 (-2.5°C), April 1, 2020 (-7.0°C). The latest spring light frost recorded on May 22, 2020 (-1.0ºC), which led to mass frosting-up of herbaceous plant species. Every autumn at the end of September, light frosts are already registered: -1.5ºC - September 28, 2016, -1.0ºC and -0.9ºC - September 29 and  September 30, 2017, -2.5ºC - September 30, 2018, - 1.8ºС - September 21, 2019, -1.0ºС - September 19, 2020, the last one - the earliest during the observation period and also in the summer part of September. For the first time in 2020, the relative humidity in March was 16% below normal, mainly due to the second and third decades (58% and 47% correspondingly), in April it was only 39% - 27% below normal. Such deviations were not observed even in the dry summer and autumn months. Key words: air temperature, precipitation, climatic seasons, meteorological natural phenomena.

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1377
Author(s):  
Weifang Shi ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Aixuan Xin ◽  
Linglan Liu ◽  
Jiaqi Hou ◽  
...  

Mitigating high air temperatures and heat waves is vital for decreasing air pollution and protecting public health. To improve understanding of microscale urban air temperature variation, this paper performed measurements of air temperature and relative humidity in a field of Wuhan City in the afternoon of hot summer days, and used path analysis and genetic support vector regression (SVR) to quantify the independent influences of land cover and humidity on air temperature variation. The path analysis shows that most effect of the land cover is mediated through relative humidity difference, more than four times as much as the direct effect, and that the direct effect of relative humidity difference is nearly six times that of land cover, even larger than the total effect of the land cover. The SVR simulation illustrates that land cover and relative humidity independently contribute 16.3% and 83.7%, on average, to the rise of the air temperature over the land without vegetation in the study site. An alternative strategy of increasing the humidity artificially is proposed to reduce high air temperatures in urban areas. The study would provide scientific support for the regulation of the microclimate and the mitigation of the high air temperature in urban areas.


1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 975-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Trottier

AbstractEmergence from the water of Anax junius Drury normally occurred after sunset. The onset was affected independently by water temperature and air temperature; low water temperature and high air temperature delayed the onset of emergence. In the field, the net vrtical distance travelled above the water, before ecdysis, was positively correlated with air temperature. In the laboratory, the vertical distance travelled above the water was greatest when air and water temperatures were approximately the same. The average speed of climbing to the first resting position above the water surface was faster at high than low water temperature, but the average speed of climbing from there to the final position, where ecdysis occurred, was reduced due to the effects of air temperature and humidity. Air temperatures below 12.6 °C were found to retard ecdysis and larvae returned to the water and emerged early the following day making the final process of emergence and ecdysis diurnal instead of nocturnal. The duration of ecdysis was shorter at high than low air temperatures and only the first three stages, as arbitrarily defined, were longer at low than high relative humidity; stage 4, shortened with low relative humidity. This study shows that A. Junius, emerging from the water is affected at first by the temperature experienced when submerged, but it becomes gradually and cumulatively affected by air temperature and humidity while climbing to the ecdysial position and moulting.


Author(s):  
Alisher Muradullaevich Muradullaev

This article presents the results of studies on the change of the water-holding ability in leaves of some varieties and lines of cotton under the influence of various high air temperatures (I control option from +24.6 to + 35.4 °C; II option - from +36.4 to +45, 1 °C; III option - from +39.5 to + 48.4 °C). At a high air temperature of + 48.4 °C, the water-holding capacity of the leaves in varieties Surkhan-14, Istiklol-14, Bukhara-102 was 26.2; 24.6; 26.4%, which indicates the relative resistance of these varieties to high air temperatures. KEYWORDS: cotton, variety, line, high air temperature, relative humidity, water holding ability.


Author(s):  
Jana Škvareninová

In the years 2007–2013 we performed phenological observations of common hazel (Corylus avellana L.), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.), and hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.) at two locations of central Slovakia situated at elevations of 300 m and 530 m a.s.l. The phenophase of first leaves of all tree species started in the second half of April on average, and was conditioned by the average daily air temperatures above 0 °C. The earliest onset was observed at both locations in 2007 due to the highest average air temperature during the observed period, which in March reached the value of 6.1 °C. Colouring of leaves started in the second and third decades of September. Both phenophases began earlier at the location situated at the higher elevation due to the effect of aspect, terrain, and soil depth. During the last 7 years, the average length of the growing season of tree species situated at an elevation of 300 m was from 136 to 152 days, in more extreme conditions at an elevation of 530 m the growing season was shorter by 12 days in the case of blackthorn and by 5 days in the case of hawthorn.


Author(s):  
Tongxin Zhang ◽  
Dennis L. O’Neal ◽  
Stephen T. McClain

Abstract Experiments were conducted on a cold flat aluminum plate to characterize the variation of frost roughness over both time and location on the surfaces. The testing conditions included air temperatures from 8 to 16 °C, wall temperatures from −20 to −10 °C, relative humidities from 60 to 80%, and air velocities from 0.5 to 2.5 m/s. Each test lasted 2 h. A 3D photogrammetric method was employed to measure the variation in frost root-mean-square height and skewness by location and time. These data were used to develop the equivalent sand-grain roughness for the frost at different locations and time. The experimental results showed that frost roughness varied by location and changed with time. For the environmental conditions in this study, relative humidity and air temperature were the most important factors determining changes in the peak frost roughness. For example, at an air temperature of 12 °C and a surface temperature of −15 °C, the frost roughness peaked at about 40 min for a relative humidity of 80% and 90 min for a relative humidity of 60%. Empirical correlations were provided to describe the relationships between the environmental conditions and the appearance of the peak frost roughness.


2019 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
S. P. Korsakova ◽  
P. B. Korsakov

A comparative assessment of the microclimate in the «Cape Martyan» Nature Reserve according to meteorological observations in meteorological station "Lavrovoe" and the climate agrometeorological station "Nikitsky sad" is given. As a result of the conducted researches homogeneity and spatio-temporal connectedness of climatic parameters within the investigated territory is established. Statistically significant differences in average and maximum values of air temperature, precipitation and relative humidity between the meteorological station "Lavrovoe" and the climate agrometeorological station "Nikitsky sad" were not revealed. This indicates to the representativeness of the data agrometeorological station for the territory of the «Cape Martyan» Nature Reserve. Statistically significant differences established for minimum air temperatures and relative humidity during the cold period should be taken into account when conducting research in the Eastern part of the Nature Reserve. It was found that the wind regime in the area of the observations by meteorological station "Lavrovoe" in the night period is characterized by air drainage phenomena and the predominance of breeze circulation in the warm season, which largely determine the microclimatic differences between observed meteorological values by station "Lavrovoe" and by station "Nikitsky sad", especially when the radiation weather type.


2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2267-2269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Stull

AbstractAn equation is presented for wet-bulb temperature as a function of air temperature and relative humidity at standard sea level pressure. It was found as an empirical fit using gene-expression programming. This equation is valid for relative humidities between 5% and 99% and for air temperatures between −20° and 50°C, except for situations having both low humidity and cold temperature. Over the valid range, errors in wet-bulb temperature range from −1° to +0.65°C, with mean absolute error of less than 0.3°C.


2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Taheri-Garavand ◽  
Shahin Rafiee ◽  
Alireza Keyhani ◽  
Payam Javadikia

AbstractIn this research, the experiment is done by a dryer. It could provide any desired drying air temperature between 20 and 120°C and air relative humidity between 5 and 95% and air velocity between 0.1 and 5.0 m/s with high accuracy, and the drying experiment was conducted at five air temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80°C and at three relative humidity 20, 40 and 60% and air velocity of 1.5, 2 and 2.5 m/s to dry Basil leaves. Then with developed Program in MATLAB software and by Genetic Algorithm could find the best Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) structure to model the moisture content of dried Basil in each condition; anyway the result of best network by GA had only one hidden layer with 11 neurons. This network could predict moisture content of dried basil leaves with correlation coefficient of 0.99.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lic James M. Feiccabrino

Abstract In cold region, conceptual models assigned precipitation phase, liquid (rain) or solid (snow), cause vastly different atmospheric, hydrological, and ecological responses, along with significant differences in evaporation, runoff, and infiltration fates for measured precipitation mass. A set air temperature threshold (ATT) applied to the over 30% annual precipitation events occurring with surface air temperatures between −3 and 5 °C resulted in 11.0 and 9.8% misclassified precipitation in Norway and Sweden, respectively. Surface air temperatures do not account for atmospheric properties causing precipitation phase changes as snow falls toward the ground. However, cloud base height and relative humidity (RH) measured from the surface can adjust ATT for expected hydrometeor-atmosphere interactions. Applying calibrated cloud base height ATTs or a linear RH function for Norway (Sweden) reduced to 4.3% (2.8%) and 14.6% (8.9%) misclassified precipitation, respectively. Cloud base height ATTs had lower miss-rates with low cloud bases, 100 m in Norway and 300 m in Sweden. Combining the RH method with cloud base ATT in low cloud conditions resulted in 16.1 and 10.8% reduction in misclassified precipitation in Norway and Sweden, respectively. Therefore, the conceptual model output should improve through the addition of available surface data without coupling to an atmospheric model.


Author(s):  
Jonathan Willian Zangeski Novais ◽  
Rodrigo Lemos Gil ◽  
Fabricia Cristina Lemos Melo ◽  
Levi Pires de Andrade ◽  
Osvaldo Alves Pereira ◽  
...  

Parques urbanos servem como áreas de lazer e práticas de exercício, levando a preocupação do conforto térmico de seus usuários. O Parque Mãe Bonifácia, objeto deste estudo, encontra-se na cidade de Cuiabá-MT, sendo um fragmento de cerrado urbano, sofrendo com toda a sazonalidade do clima local, tendo períodos de seca rigorosa e períodos com precipitação. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer uma análise da variação espaço-sazonal termohigrométrica pelo método da krigagem do referido Parque. Foram feitas medidas mensais de temperatura do ar e umidade relativa do ar nos horários entre às 10 e 12 horas. No período seco, as médias de temperatura do ar foram de 33,44 oC, já a média de temperatura para o período chuvoso foi de 31,09 oC. A média de umidade relativa do período seco foi de 43,34% e para período chuvoso 68,71%. Como resultado se percebeu a influência do entorno no parque, sendo as menores temperaturas do ar e maiores umidades relativas do ar as que ocorrem na região central do parque. Os ajustes dos semivariogramas foram considerados satisfatórios para 3 dos 4 períodos analisados, encontrando dificuldade em realizar o ajuste para a umidade relativa do ar no período chuvoso, tendo como a presença da água um possível causador dessa dificuldade. Para os dados de microclima do município de Cuiabá-MT, os resultados estão de acordo com as normais climatológicas e outros estudos realizados na mesma região.Palavras-chave: Semivariograma. Temperatura do Ar. Umidade Relativa do Ar. Precipitação.AbstractUrban parks serve as leisure areas and exercise practices, leading to concern about the thermal comfort of its users. Mãe Bonifácia Park, object of this study, is in the city of Cuiabá-MT, being a fragment of urban cerrado, suffering with all the seasonality of the local climate, having periods of strict drought and periods with precipitation. Thus the objective of this work was to make an analysis of the space-seasonalthermohygrometric variation through the kriging method of the aforementioned park. Monthly measurements of air temperature and relative humidity were taken at times between 10 and 12 hours. In the dry period the averages of the air temperature were 33.44oC, whereas the average temperature for the rainy period was 31,09oC. The mean relative humidity of the dry period was 43.34% and for the rainy season 68.71%. As a result the influence of the surroundings in the park was observed, being the lowest air temperatures and the hightest relative humidity of the air occurring in the central region of the park. The adjustments of the semivariograms were considered satisfactory for 3 of the 4 analyzed periods, finding it difficult to adjust for the relative humidity of the rainy season, with the presence of water being a possible cause of this difficulty. For the microclimate data of the municipality of Cuiabá-MT, the results are in agreement with the climate normals and other studies carried out in the same region.Keyword: Semivariogram. Air Temperature. Relative Humidity. Precipitation.


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