Age-related osteogenesis on lateral force application to rat incisor – Part III: Periodontal and periosteal bone remodeling

Objectives: This study was aimed to compare the histological pattern of bone modeling on either periodontal or periosteal side induced by lateral orthodontic tooth movement in different age groups. Material and Methods: A total of 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats (25 rats in the adult group – 52 weeks and 25 rats in the young group – 10 weeks) were utilized in this study. Each age group was classified into the control, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days groups (five rats in each) by the duration of experimental device application. A double-helical spring was produced using 0.014” stainless steel wire to provide 40 g lateral force to the left and right incisors. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemical staining, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) immunohistochemical staining, and Masson trichrome staining were performed; and the slides were subject to histological examination. Results: In 7 days, active bone modeling represented by the scalloped surface was observed on the periosteal side of the crestal and middle alveolus at the pressure side in the young group, while similar changes were observed only on the crestal area in the adult group. In the young group, the number of PCNA-positive cells increased significantly on the crestal area and middle alveolus on the 3, 7, and 14 day groups, with subsequent decrease at 21 days. In the adult group, PCNA-positive cells were localized on the crestal area throughout the period. In the young group, FGFR2-positive cells were observed mainly on the crestal and middle alveolus at 3, 7, and 14 days than the control group. In the adult group, these cells appeared on the crestal and middle alveolus in the 3 days group, but mainly on the crestal area at 14 days. In the young group, FGFR2-positive cells were observed on the crestal and middle alveolus on the 3, 7, and 14 days groups more than on the control group. In the adult group, these cells appeared on the crestal and middle alveolus in the 3 days group, but mainly on the crestal area in the 14 days group. In Masson trichrome stain, an increased number of type I collagen fibers were observed after helical spring activation in both age groups. Large resorption lacunae indicating undermining bone resorption were progressively present in both young and adult groups. Conclusion: According to these results, orthodontic tooth movement may stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation primarily on the periosteal side according to progressive undermining bone resorption on the periodontal side. This response may lead to prominent bone modeling during tooth movement in the young group, compared to the relatively delayed response in the adult group.

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The Effect of Apis mellifera Propolis on RUNX-2 and ALP during Remodeling of Orthodontic Tooth movement

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00417 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2363-2366

Author(s):

Budi Handayani ◽

Mieke Sylvia Margaretha A R ◽

Rini Devijanti Ridwan ◽

Mohammed Aljunaid

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Control Group ◽

Propolis Extract ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Experimental Laboratory ◽

Group 2

Herbal medicine is interesting including treatments that use propolis. Propolis collected by Apis mellifera bees has a very useful composition whose active ingredients are flavonoids, CAPE and saponin. This research aims to analyze the effect of Apis mellifera propolis on RUNX-2 and ALP during the remodeling period caused by the orthodontic tooth movement in Cavia cobaya. It constitutes an experimental laboratory study and a random sampling method. The method used experimental laboratory research on 28 Cavia cobaya, which were divided into four groups consisting of two control groups and two treatment groups which have been given 3% and 5% propolis extract respectively. RUNX-2 and ALP expression were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. Materials and Methods: Propolis is a resin substance produced by bees. Cavia cobaya with orthodontic tooth movement by separator rubber. The control group (Group 1) included clinically healthy Cavia cobaya (n=7), (Group 2) included Cavia cobaya with orthodontic tooth movement (n=7). A treatment group (Group P1) Cavia cobaya have been treated with orthodontic tooth movement and propolis 3%, (Group P2) Cavia cobaya have been treated with orthodontic tooth movement and propolis 5% and observed for 17 days. Samples of maxilla were taken from the subjects for analysis on day 17. RUNX-2 and ALP expression were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. Results: showed that RUNX-2 and ALP expression were found to increase in the tension side. Conclusion: Propolis extract at 5% concentration had ability in bone remodeling by increasing RUNX-2 and ALP expression in the tension area during orthodontic tooth movement.

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Differences in IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid during acute phase of orthodontic tooth movement between juveniles and young adults

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp150425178v ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 219-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amila Vujacic ◽

Aleksandra Konic ◽

Jasna Pavlovic ◽

Vera Todorovic ◽

Vladanka Vukicevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Age Groups ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

Cytokine Levels ◽

The Difference ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Background/Aim. There is little information, about the difference in cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), between juveniles (children) and young adults (adults). The aim of this study was to examine the levels of interleukins IL-1? and IL- 6 in GCF of these two age groups during the acute phase of OTM. Methods. The subjects, 10 children and 10 adults, underwent OTM of a single tooth, with an untreated antagonistic tooth used as the control group. GCF was sampled from both the control and treatment sites right before the beginning (the baseline) and 24 h, 72 h and 168 h upon initiation of OTM. Cytokine levels were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. The levels of both GCF IL-1? and IL-6 showed a bimodal peak during early phase of OTM, at 24 h and 168 h, in both age groups. As the statistic has shown, the increase in IL-1? levels was more prominent after 168 h in treated teeth of children, compared to both children?s control teeth and treated teeth of adults, whilst the GCF IL-6 levels in the same group increased significantly after 24 h, as well as after 168 h, approximately 70 and 55 fold, respectively. In the same time periods the increase of IL-6 levels in GCF of adults was notably lesser, averaging approximately 5 and 10 fold, respectively, compared to the control teeth. In addition, the amount of tooth movement was statistically larger for children than for adults 168 hours upon the initiation of OTM. Conclusion. GCF IL-1? and IL-6 were increasingly expressed during initial phase of OTM in both children and adults. However, excretory response of cytokines in children?s GCF, especially the concentration of IL-6, was at a significantly higher level than that of adults?, which accords to the finding that the initial OTM is faster in children.

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The Comparison of Ostecyte in the Pressure area and Tension area on Tooth Movement Because of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

DENTA ◽

10.30649/denta.v12i1.162 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Arya Barahmanta ◽

Muhammad Faizal Winaris ◽

Pambudi Raharjo

Keyword(s):

Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Therapy ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Bone Remodelling ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Pressure Area

Background: Orthodontic tooth movement is a interaction prosess of resorption and deposition of bone remodeling. Orthodontic tooth movement by mechanical strength causes changes in alveolar bone. Osteocyte is an essential cell to respond bone remodelling. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy affects production of osteocyte because it can release Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Nitrid Oxide (NO). Purpose: To determine the difference number of osteocyte in pressure and tension area during tooth movement by adjuvant of Hyperbaric Oxygen 2,4 ATA during 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14. Materials and Methods: This research used Completery Randomized Control Group Post Test Only Design. 36 cavia cobaya (male) were divided into 3 groups randomly : the negative control groups, positive control group, and treatment group. Preparat staining used Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) and calculated on microscop 1000x with 20 field of view. Data analyses used one way ANOVA and LSD test then compared each area by using paired T test. Result: The data showed that the treatment group (P=10,67) tension area has the highest number of osteocyte than negative control group (K-=3,67), positive control (K+=7,42). In the pressure area showed that negative control group (K-=5,00) has the highest than positive control group (K+=3,83) and treatment (P=3,25). Conclusion: Therapy HBO 2,4 ATA 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14 is could increase osteocyte in the tissue to stimulate process of bone remodelling.<pre> </pre>Keywords: Hyperbaric Oxygen, Tooth movement, Bone remodeling, Osteocyte Correspondence: Arya Brahmanta, Department of Orthodonty, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Phone 031-5945864, Email: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">arya.brahmanta@hangtuah.ac.id</a>

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The effect of autologous leukocyte platelet rich fibrin on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: A prospective randomized clinical trial

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/ejd.ejd_424_17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (03) ◽

pp. 350-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Azita Tehranchi ◽

Hossein Behnia ◽

Fereydoun Pourdanesh ◽

Parsa Behnia ◽

Nelson Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

Extraction Socket ◽

Effect Model ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of LPRF, placed in extraction sockets, on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Materials and Methods: Thirty extraction sockets from eight patients (five males, three females, with a mean age of 17.37 years; range 12–25 years) requiring extraction of first premolars based on their orthodontic treatment plan participated in this split-mouth clinical trial. In one randomly selected quadrant of each jaw, the extraction socket was preserved as the experimental group by immediate placement of LPRF in the extraction socket. The other quadrant served as the control group for secondary healing. Immediately, the teeth adjacent to the defects were pulled together by a NiTi closed-coil spring with constant force. A piece of 0.016 × 0.022-inch stainless steel wire was used as the main arch wire. The amount of OTM was measured on the study casts at eight time points with 2-week intervals for 3 months. Analysis of random effect model was performed for the purpose of comparison between the experimental and control groups. Results: According to the random effect model, a statistically significant difference was found between the experimental and control group in rate of OTM (P = 0.006). Conclusion: According to the results, application of LPRF, as an interdisciplinary approach combining orthodontics and surgery, may accelerate OTM, particularly in extraction cases.

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The Administration of 4-Hexylresorcinol Accelerates Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Increases the Expression Level of Bone Turnover Markers in Ovariectomized Rats

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21041526 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1526 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kwang-Hyo Choi ◽

Dae-Won Kim ◽

Suk Keun Lee ◽

Seong-Gon Kim ◽

Tae-Woo Kim

Keyword(s):

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Osteogenic Markers ◽

Surgical Methods ◽

Elevated Expression ◽

Turnover Markers

Surgical methods for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement are limited by possible damage to the tooth root and patient discomfort. 4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) has been shown to increase bone remodeling and may potentially facilitate tooth movement. This study investigated the (1) effect of 4HR administration on osteoblast-like cells and (2) effect of 4HR administration on tooth movement in ovariectomized rats. Saos-2 cells were treated with either 4HR or solvent (control). Protein expression levels were investigated 2, 8, and 24 h after treatment. Thirty ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two experimental groups (A and B) and one control group. After installation of an orthodontic tooth movement device, groups A and B received subcutaneous weekly injections of 4HR (1.28 and 128 mg/kg). Micro-computerized tomography and histological analyses were performed after 2 weeks of tooth movement. The application of 4HR elevated expression of osteogenic markers in Saos-2 cells. Movement of the first molars was significantly greater in rats administered 4HR. Furthermore, the expression of bone morphogenic protein-2, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, osteocalcin, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were increased after 4HR administration. 4HR application demonstrated increased expression of osteogenic markers in Saos-2 cells and accelerated orthodontic tooth movement in rats.

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Bone dehiscence formation during orthodontic tooth movement through atrophic alveolar ridges

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/063019-443.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 321-329

Author(s):

Adilson Luiz Ramos ◽

Monique Cimão dos Santos ◽

Márcio Rodrigues de Almeida ◽

Carlos Flores Mir

Keyword(s):

Null Hypothesis ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Alveolar Ridge ◽

Bone Height

ABSTRACT Objectives To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in bone dehiscence formation before and after orthodontic tooth movement through an atrophic alveolar ridge. Material and Methods This longitudinal retrospective study evaluated pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography imaging of 15 adult patients. Twenty-five teeth were moved through the atrophic alveolar bone, whereas 25 teeth not subjected to translational movement were considered controls. The distances between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar bone crest were assessed at the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual surfaces of all of these teeth. Data were compared using the Wilcoxon test. The Spearman correlation test and multivariate linear regression analysis were also performed. Results In general, crestal bone height was reduced around 0.5 mm in all groups in every direction. Median buccal dehiscence increased significantly (+2.25 mm) (P < .05) in teeth moved through the atrophic ridge. Control teeth also had buccal crest loss (+0.83 mm), but this was not statistically different from that of the experimental teeth. Lingual dehiscence increased significantly for the experimental (+0.17 mm) and control (+0.65 mm) groups. Mesial bone height decreased more in the control group (–0.44mm) than in the experimental group (–0.14mm). There was moderate correlation between amount of tooth movement and alveolar bone loss. Conclusions The null hypothesis was rejected as dehiscence increased after tooth movement through an atrophic alveolar ridge, mainly in the buccal plate.

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Human Dental Pulp Tissue during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: An Immunofluorescence Study

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk5030065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giovanna Vermiglio ◽

Antonio Centofanti ◽

Giovanni Matarese ◽

Angela Militi ◽

Marco Matarese ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Expression ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Force Application ◽

Dental Pulp Tissue ◽

Human Dental Pulp

The orthodontic tooth movement is the last step of several biological processes that take place after the application of external forces. During this process, dental pulp tissue is subjected to structural and protein expression modifications in order to maintain their integrity and functional morphology. The purpose of the present work was to perform an in vivo study, evaluating protein expression modifications in the human dental pulp of patients that have undergone orthodontic tooth movement due to pre-calibrated light force application for 30 days. Dental pulp samples were extracted from molars and premolars of the control group and after 7 and 30 days of treatment; the samples were then processed for immunofluorescence reactions using antibodies against fibronectin, collagen I and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Our results show that, after 7 days of treatment, all tested proteins change their pattern expression and will reset after 30 days. These data demonstrate that the dental pulp does not involve any irreversible iatrogenic alterations, supporting the efficacy and safety of using pre-calibrated force application to induce orthodontic tooth movement in clinical practice.

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Locally Inhibition of Orthodontic Relapse by Injection of Carbonated Hydroxy Apatite-Advanced Platelet Rich Fibrin in a Rabbit Model

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.758.255 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 758 ◽

pp. 255-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ananto Ali Alhasyimi ◽

Pinandi Sri Pudyani ◽

Widya Asmara ◽

Ika Dewi Ana

Keyword(s):

Bone Remodeling ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Hydroxy Apatite ◽

Carbonated Apatite ◽

Alveolar Bone Remodeling

Relapse is considered a significant failure after orthodontic treatment. In response to relapse, RANKL expressions will increase, while OPG expressions will decrease. CHA is thought to be one of an ideal candidate for enhancing bone formation. Moreover, a-PRF is a source high levels of growth factors that play a central role in the bone remodeling. This research was intended to investigate the effect of hydrogel CHA-aPRF in preventing relapse. Hydrogel-CHA was initially designed, with its degradation profile and FTIR (Fourie’s Transform Infrared) spectra were investigated as the basis to find out optimum formulation before incorporated with aPRF. Hydrogel-CHA microspheres were prepared in 3 different compositions: those were encoded 30-CHA, 40-CHA, and 50-CHA. After the hydrogel formulation and characterization were completed, 10 mL blood samples were collected, then centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 14 min. At the end of the centrifugation process, the aPRF clot was isolated and then pressed to obtain their releasate. The releasate aPRF was then loaded into the best formulation candidate of hydrogel CHA. The hydrogel incorporated aPRF was then gently injected on the mesial side of incisor gingival sulcus of the rabbit after orthodontic tooth movement. The FTIR analysis showed that carbonated apatite was successfully developed during the fabrication process of hydrogel-CHA microspheres. It was also known that degradation profile of 30-CHA was considered ideal compared to the other compositions. The application of CHA-aPRF (group C) was proven to significantly prevent relapse, indicated by lowest percentage of relapse 21 days after debonding (29.95±3.91%) compared to control group. Furthermore, it has been found that expressions of RANKL were significantly lowest (p<0.05) in group C on day 0, 3, and 7, while OPG expressions showed significantly highest (p<0.05) in group C on day 14 and 21 after debonding. These results indicate that incorporation of hydrogel-CHA has potential effect to enhance alveolar bone remodeling and prevent orthodontic relapse by stimulates OPG expression and suppresses RANKL expression.

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Pain Experience with Micro-osteoperforations during Initial Orthodontic Alignment: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Of Oral Research ◽

10.17126/joralres.2020.072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 309-318

Author(s):

Azaitun Akma Shahrin ◽

◽

Sarah Haniza Abdul Ghani ◽

Noraina Hafizan Norman ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

Initial Alignment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fixed Appliances

Objetive: The objective of this clinical trial was to investigate the perception of pain during initial maxillary alignment with an adjunctive procedure of micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) compared to conventional orthodontics. Material and methods: This study design was a single-centre, two-arm parallel prospective randomised clinical trial. Thirty consecutive adult subjects (25 females and 5 males; mean age ± SD, 22.66 ± 3.27 years) with 5-8mm moderate upper labial segment crowding were randomly allocated using block randomisation into intervention and control group. All subjects had first premolar extractions, bonded conventional fixed appliances and 0.014-inch nickel-titanium archwire was placed for initial alignment. The intervention group received a 3-mm deep MOPs procedure under local anaesthesia using a Propel device (PROPEL Ortho Singapore) on the labiogingival aspect between the maxillary incisors. Both groups received a set of 100 mm visual analogue scale to complete over the first week, recording pain at 24 hours, 3 days and 1 week. Data were analysed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: There was a statistically significant difference observed in perceived pain levels between MOPs and the control group on day 1, day 3 and day 7 postoperatively. Pain perception was significantly lower in the intervention group at all time points. Conclusion: Accelerating orthodontic tooth movement with MOPs did not accentuate pain perceived during initial maxillary alignment with fixed appliances.

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Histological changes during orthodontic tooth movement due to hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v49.i2.p63-66 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Arya Brahmanta ◽

Sutjipto Sutjipto ◽

Ida Bagus Narmada

Keyword(s):

Bone Remodeling ◽

Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Oxygen Therapy ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

Ligament Size

Background: Mechanical force of orthodontics causes changes in periodontal ligament vascularization and blood flow, resulting in biochemical and cellular changes as well as changes in the contour of the alveolar bone and in the thickness of the periodontal ligaments. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is one of many solutions stimulating the growth of new blood vessels and increasing tissue oxygenation. Thus, HBO plays a role in recovery of periodontal ligament and osteoblasts. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of HBO therapy for seven days on periodontal ligament size and osteoblast number in the tension site during bone remodeling in tooth movement. Method: The study was true experimental laboratories with completely randomized control group post test only design. Twenty-four males guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups. K0 was the control group without any treatment, K1 was the group given a mechanical orthodontic pressure, and K2 was the group treated with the addition of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The maxillary incisors were moved distally by elastic separator. After HBO therapy on day 7, all of the groups were sacrificed, and then periodontal ligament size and osteoblast number were analyzed by one-way Anova and LSD statistical tests. Result: The results showed significant differences in the size of the periodontal ligament and the number of osteoblasts in the tension site among the groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: HBO therapy at 2.4 ATA for 7 days is effective in recovery of periodontal ligament and increased osteoblast number during bone remodeling in tension area of orthodontic tooth movement.

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