scholarly journals Alcohol-based hand sanitizer-induced burns: A harsh reality in current times

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Deepti Gupta ◽  
Amrita More
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injuries ◽  
High Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Steep Rise ◽  
Harsh Reality

Due to the recent coronavirus pandemic, there is a steep rise in the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHSs) over the past few months. For them to be effective against microorganisms, the minimum recommended concentration of alcohol is 60%. This high alcohol content makes the sanitizers easily flammable. Although, they are extremely convenient to use, they can also prove to be a hazard if used in an improper manner. Guidelines have been published for safe manufacturing and distribution of these sanitizers. There are recommendations for storage and use, which should be adhered to in a strict manner. Their use by children should always be supervised. We report four cases of burn injuries caused by injudicious use of alcohol-based sanitizers. The flammable nature of ABHSs can also be exploited as witnessed in one of our cases. With this report, we wish to emphasize that judicious and correct use of these seemingly benign products is essential.

scholarly journals Fluctuating Palmar Erythema in a Toddler during COVID-19 Pandemic: Do You Know the Offender?

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prateek Kumar Panda ◽  
Indar Kumar Sharawat
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Atypical Presentation ◽  
Irritant Contact Dermatitis ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Palmar Erythema ◽  
Complete Reversal ◽  
Bright Color ◽  
Careful History

Abstract Palmar erythema in children can be due to various reasons, such as chronic liver disease, rheumatological disorders, medications, irritant contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. Recently, there are few reports about contact dermatitis caused by frequent, daily use of hand sanitizers during this COVID-19 pandemic. A 3-year-old toddler brought with the concern of waxing-waning bilateral palmar erythema for the past 2 weeks. The parents revealed that the child liked the bright color of a recently bought hand sanitizer bottle so much he used to wash his hands every 20–30 min throughout the day. The atypical presentation of contact dermatitis might be because the child was using the sanitizer more frequently during the daytime. The dermatitis resolved with stopping excessive use of the hand sanitizer by the toddler. Clinicians should be aware of contact dermatitis during these pandemic times. Instead of investigating them extensively, careful history taking and merely advising them to judicially utilize the sanitizer can lead to complete reversal of symptoms.

scholarly journals Utilization of Eco-Enzymes from Fruit Skin Waste as Hand Sanitizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusdianasari Rusdianasari ◽  
Adi Syakdani ◽  
Muhammad Zaman ◽  
Muhammad Zaman ◽  
Febby Fitria Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Fruit Skin

Eco-enzyme is a multifunctional liquid produced from fermentation of waste or organic waste, brown sugar or granulated sugar, and water. Fermentation of  eco-enzymes  is carried out for ±3 months. The length of time fermentation affects color, aroma and pH. The  resultingeco-enzyme liquid is dark brown and has a strong fresh sour aroma.  Eco-enzymeliquid has an alcohol content and acetic acid. Alcohol and acetic acid are produced from the bacterial metabolic process that is naturally present in the rest of fruits and vegetables. Variations in the fermentation time of eco-enzymes  used are 2.5 months and 3 months. Analysis conducted on  eco-enzymes  include pH tests and phytochemical screening  tests. The pH value obtained in  eco-eznyme  2.5 months is 3, while the pH value in  eco-eznyme  3 months is 1.5. Eco-enzymes  with a fermentation time of 3 months contain alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. In this study  Eco-eznyme  was used as a hand sanitizer  spray by diluting the eco-enzyme with aquadest. The dilution ratios used vary for each sample: 1:40, 2:40, 3:40, 4:40, 5:40. Analysis conducted on  hand sanitizer spray include pH test, organoleptic test, and antibacterial activity test. Based on the results of the analysis, not all hand sanitizer samples meet SNI standards, the best samples obtained in hand sanitizer with an eco-enzyme fermentation time of 3 months and a dilution ratio of 5: 40. The results of the analysis showed that the value of pH 5, the level of aroma fondness in hand sanitizer 2.40, the favorite color level 2.46

scholarly journals Identification of Microbial Contamination Sources in Distilled Spirits

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ancuța ROTAR ◽  
Cristina Anamaria SEMENIUC ◽  
Elena MUDURA ◽  
Teodora COLDEA ◽  
Carmen LAZÄ‚R POP
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
High Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Distilled Spirits ◽  
Total Yeast

Due to their high alcohol content, distilled spirits are not susceptible to microbial contamination. Because moulds were found in samples of vodka and spirit drinks, the present study was conducted to identify the sources of microbial contamination during the manufacturing process. Total bacterial count (TBC), total yeast and mould count (TYMC) and total coliform count (TCC) were determined in water and from different processing area surfaces, TBC and TYMC in the air of processing areas and TYMC in distilled spirits samples. The source of microbial contamination of distilled spirits was microaeroflora from processing areas.

scholarly journals Quality of Alcohol Based Hand Sanitizers Marketed in the Nairobi Metropolis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Abuga ◽  
Nasser Nyamweya ◽  
Obed King’ondu
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Market Surveillance ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Post Market Surveillance ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Post Market

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has propelled the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers to the fore as a SARS-CoV-2 control measure. To be effective these products must comply with relevant quality parameters such as alcohol concentration, methanol limits and purity. The current study was designed to determine the quality of alcohol-based hand sanitizer products in the Nairobi metropolitan area. For this purpose, 74 commercially marketed samples were collected and subjected to analysis by gas chromatography. Only three samples (4.1%) complied with the regulatory specifications for alcohol content, methanol limits and pH. Five samples (6.8%) complied with the specification for alcohol content but did not meet methanol or pH limits. A total of 44 (59.5%) samples had methanol levels that exceeded threshold limits. Eleven samples (14.9%) were found with methanol substitution (i.e., methanol, instead of ethanol or isopropanol, was the main alcohol component). The results show that users of alcohol-based hand sanitizers are being exposed to substandard and falsified products which in addition to being non-efficacious pose harm due to unacceptable levels of toxic impurities. Regular, routine post-market surveillance is needed to prevent such products from reaching the market.

scholarly journals This is My Country (?) Exploring Denial in Relation to the Negative Aspects of Nationalism in Indonesia.

K ta Kita ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Edward Salim ◽  
Liem Satya Limanta
Keyword(s):  
Historical Fiction ◽  
New Order ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Past ◽  
Harsh Reality ◽  
The Way

Nationalism is a central part of Indonesian ideology, but few Indonesians recognise or acknowledge its more negative elements out of denial. As such, the nation rarely addresses the numerous human right violations committed in the past for the sake of upholding this ideology. In response to this issue, I wrote this novel to show the detrimental effects of denial have on people, as well as the way to cope with it. This creative work takes on the perspective of a soldier in the New Order era, who in the effort to find his missing brother, encounters the harsh reality in Buru island that forces him to reconsider his naïve understanding of nationalism.Keywords: Denial, Nationalism, Nation, Indonesia, Buru, Historical Fiction, History, Novel

The Three Mile Island (TMI) Accident

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 398-401
Author(s):  
Gordon K. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Health It ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Nuclear Warfare

On March 28,1979, a near nuclear catastrophe occurred at Three Mile Island (TMI) near Harrisburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. I was at that time Pennsylvania's Secretary of Health. It was an accident that just “could not happen.” After all, nuclear power plants were built so safely that they could not possibly affect public health.As a physician, lam compelled to say that I am unalterably opposed to nuclear warfare. I am sure that most physicians would agree that there can be no adequate preparedness for the devastating medical consequences of nuclear war. Prevention of nuclear war is the only reasonable medical response to the hazards posed by nuclear weapons.By contrast, many of you may not share my position on nuclear power. Nuclear power can be made relatively safe if we do not ignore the public health lessons of the past. I belive that physicians need to increase and update their understandings of the medical consequences of radiation accidents and be trained to triage and to treat blast, radiation, and burn injuries.

On Headquarters

2019 ◽  
pp. 236-253
Author(s):  
John A. Bonin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Us Army ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
Harsh Reality

This chapter discusses how the US Army since 11 September 2001 has had to face the harsh reality that the complexities of the employment of landpower in modern warfare, especially with allies, require large staffs in its headquarters. However, the leaders of the Department of Defense and the Army are often at odds with that reality, as the United States frequently seeks to focus on combat units at the expense of "unnecessary overhead," especially in its theater army headquarters. In addition, the Army found itself wholly unpreparedforthese headquarters to provide contractors for the unprecedented level and complexity of support utilized in recent military operations. As the Army continues adapting to the current environment, it must heed insights from the past sixteen years of conflict. The Army must ensure that it is not exacerbating the problem of employing landpower by eliminating the brains of an army, its essential land component command headquarters capabilities.

Anionic effect in high concentration alcohol organosolv pulping

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Yawalata ◽  
L. Paszner
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Quality ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Acid Form ◽  
High Alcohol ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Organosolv Pulping ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Anionic Effect ◽  
Organosolv Pulp

Abstract Anionic effects are demonstrated with Mg-salts and free acids in high alcohol content organosolv pulping. Not all catalysts examined could effectively liberate the fibers from the wood matrix. The best result was obtained with the 0.025 M MgCl2 catalysis system, at which nearly 60% screened pulp, with viscosity of 19.9 cPs., can be produced. Mg(NO3)2 was found capable of liberating fibers, however, under the conditions set for the experiment, complete fiber liberation was not achieved. In contrast, MgSO4 and Mg(CH3COO)2 were incapable of fiber liberation in themselves. On the other hand, in acid form, HCl and H2SO4 were capable of liberating the fibers, whereas HNO3 and CH3COOH catalysts were found ineffective. Especially with H2SO4, it should be noted that this catalysis system created a very strong hydrolyzing effect that unselectively destroyed both lignin and carbohydrates, resulting in severely damaged pulp which is useless for papermaking purposes. Therefore, choosing a suitable catalyst is the key factor for producing an organosolv pulp at high yield and with good fiber quality.

Comparative Study of High-Alcohol-Content Gasoline Blends in an SI Engine

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxiang Zhang ◽  
Karthik Nithyanandan ◽  
Yuqiang Li ◽  
Chia-Fon Lee ◽  
Zuohua Huang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
High Alcohol ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Alcohol Content
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