scholarly journals Symptomatic mature teratoma of the lumbar spine: A case report

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Coby Cunningham ◽  
Chiara Flores ◽  
Rocco Dabecco ◽  
Palgun Nisarga ◽  
Janice Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Mature Teratoma ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Acute Setting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Ct Brain ◽  
Mr Brain

Background: Teratomas are a unique family of tumors derived from two or more of the three embryonic layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Mature teratomas are comprised the most well-differentiated tissue types and may contain skin, hair, teeth, smooth muscle, respiratory tissues, etc. Infrequently, mature teratomas may be found within the central nervous system and, in exceedingly rare cases, may be occur within the spinal cord itself (i.e., intramedullary/intradural). Case Description: A 78-year-old female presented with a subacute progressive lower extremity paraparesis. The MR revealed a cystic 81 × 30 × 25 mm intradural/intramedullary spinal mass involving the distal conus with exophytic extension into the L1-L4 spinal canal. Following surgical intervention consisting of a L1-L4 laminectomy, the lesion was largely removed. Pathology of the mass confirmed a large mature teratoma containing a multilobulated cyst that intraoperatively compressed the conus and cauda equina. Immediately postoperatively, the patient significantly improved neurologically. However, on postoperative day 2, she acutely developed a change in mental status with the left gaze preference and hemiparesis. CT brain in the acute setting showed no evidence of causative pathology and subsequent MR brain was unremarkable. The patient’s neurologic deficits progressively improved leading to eventual discharge. Conclusion: Intrathecal intramedullary/extramedullary mature teratomas of the conus that results in subacute cauda equina syndromes are rare. The differential diagnosis for such lesions exophytic to the conus must include mature teratomas which, though rare, may be readily resected resulting in generally favorable outcomes.

scholarly journals Development of the central nervous system in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus, Rodentia, Caviidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Menezes de Oliveira e Silva ◽  
Dayane Alcantara ◽  
Rafael Cardoso Carvalho ◽  
Phelipe Oliveira Favaron ◽  
Amilton Cesar dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract: This study describes the development of the central nervous system in guinea pigs from 12th day post conception (dpc) until birth. Totally, 41 embryos and fetuses were analyzed macroscopically and by means of light and electron microscopy. The neural tube closure was observed at day 14 and the development of the spinal cord and differentiation of the primitive central nervous system vesicles was on 20th dpc. Histologically, undifferentiated brain tissue was observed as a mass of mesenchymal tissue between 18th and 20th dpc, and at 25th dpc the tissue within the medullary canal had higher density. On day 30 the brain tissue was differentiated on day 30 and the spinal cord filling throughout the spinal canal, period from which it was possible to observe cerebral and cerebellar stratums. At day 45 intumescences were visualized and cerebral hemispheres were divided, with a clear division between white and gray matter in brain and cerebellum. Median sulcus of the dorsal spinal cord and the cauda equina were only evident on day 50. There were no significant structural differences in fetuses of 50 and 60 dpc, and animals at term were all lissencephalic. In conclusion, morphological studies of the nervous system in guinea pig can provide important information for clinical studies in humans, due to its high degree of neurological maturity in relation to its short gestation period, what can provide a good tool for neurological studies.

scholarly journals Clinical and surgical management of holocervical spinal cord ependymomas

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Kevin Mckay ◽  
Mark Attiah ◽  
Tianyi Niu ◽  
Daniel Nagasawa ◽  
Kunal Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Total Resection ◽  
Perioperative Morbidity ◽  
Sensory Deficits ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background: Spinal ependymomas are rare tumors of the central nervous system, and those spanning the entire cervical spine are atypical. Here, we present two unusual cases of holocervical (C1-C7) spinal ependymomas. Case Description: Two patients, a 32-year-old female and a 24-year-old male presented with neck pain, motor, and sensory deficits. Sagittal MRI confirmed hypointense lesions on T1 and hyperintense regions on T2 spanning the entire cervical spine. These were accompanied by cystic cavities extending caudally into the thoracic spine and rostrally to the cervicomedullary junction. Both patients underwent gross total resection of these lesions and sustained excellent recoveries. Conclusion: Two holocervical cord intramedullary ependymomas were safely and effectively surgically resected without incurring significant perioperative morbidity.

Spinal neurocysticercosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Alsina ◽  
J. Patrick Johnson ◽  
Duncan Q. McBride ◽  
Patrick R. L. Rhoten ◽  
C. Mark Mehringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Limited Size ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Worldwide, cysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system. In endemic regions, the incidence of neurocysticercosis (NCC) approaches 4% of the general population. The disease is predominantly intracranial, the authors of most series generally report the incidence of spinal NCC as only 1.5 to 3% of all cases. Although spinal NCC is relatively rare, it represents a distinct clinical entity that can have devastating consequences for the patient. Because of the limited size of the spinal canal, the mass effect of these lesions is poorly tolerated. Most spinal NCC occurs in the subarachnoid space where mass effect can cause spinal cord compression, although obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid pathways due to scarring of the subarachnoid space can also cause symptoms. The authors treated six patients with spinal NCC. In five cases the lesions were located in the subarachnoid space, and in one the lesion was intramedullary. All patients with subarachnoid spinal NCC required excision of the symptomatic lesions; in two cases initial medical therapy had failed. The patient with intramedullary spinal NCC experienced mild symptoms and underwent steroid therapy. All patients experienced variably improved outcomes and were eventually ambulatory. Medical therapy should be carefully considered in selected patients in whom symptoms are stable and nonprogressive. Surgical intervention is required when severe or progressive deficits occur to prevent permanent injury. In some patients recovery may be limited as a result of inflammatory injury to the spinal cord or arachnoidal adhesions.

scholarly journals Dorsal migration of lumbar disc fragments causing cauda equina syndromes: A three case series and literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Shawn Singh Rai ◽  
Carlos Rodrigo Goulart ◽  
Sepehr Lalezari ◽  
Michael Anthony Galgano ◽  
Satish Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Surgical Decompression ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Cauda Equina Compression

Background: Dorsal migration of an intervertebral lumbar disc fragment is exceedingly rare and may result in spinal cord or cauda equina compression. Radiologically, these lesions may be misdiagnosed as extradural masses or epidural hematomas. Case Description: We present three cases involving dorsal migration of sequestered lumbar disc fragments resulting in cauda equina syndromes. A 31-year-old male, 79-year-old female, and 47-year-old female presented with cauda equina syndromes attributed to the migration of dorsal sequestered lumbar disc fragments. Prompt surgical decompression resulted in adequate outcomes. Here, we review the three cases and the current literature for such lesions. Conclusion: Dorsal migration of sequestered lumbar disc fragments is exceedingly rare, and these lesions are frequently misdiagnosed as extradural masses of other origin or epidural hematomas. Here and in the literature, prompt epidural decompression both confirmed the correct diagnosis and resulted in excellent outcomes.

scholarly journals Metastatic epidural spinal column compression due to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma causing subacute Cauda equina syndrome: A case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Luis Diaz-Aguilar ◽  
Usman Khan ◽  
Ronald Sahyouni ◽  
Nolan James Brown ◽  
Scott Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Surgical Decompression ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Case Description

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common pancreatic malignancy, which rarely metastasizes to the spine. Case Description: Here, we present a lytic lumbar metastatic PDAC resulting in severe epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) with instability. The lesion required preoperative particle embolization, surgical decompression, and fusion. Conclusion: This case report shows that PDAC may metastasize to the lumbar spine requiring routine decompression with fusion.

Radiological features of the meningoradicular metastases of tumors of the central nervous system

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-630
Author(s):  
Jean Pecker ◽  
Jacques Simon ◽  
Gilles Guy ◽  
Michel Carsin ◽  
Michel Jan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Radiological Studies ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors present two cases of intracranial tumors that metastasized through the CSF to the spinal cord and its roots, and discuss the value and hazards of radiological studies in making the diagnosis. Medulloblastomas, pinealomas, and ependymomas are the most common intracranial tumors to metastasize in this fashion. The metastases usually locate in the dural fundus and roots of the cauda equina due to the hydrodynamics of the CSF.

Elaphostrongylus cervi Cameron 1931 (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) of Newfoundland

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1384-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray W. Lankester ◽  
Tom H. Northcott
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Caribou ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Verminous Pneumonia ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Elaphostrongylus cervi Cameron 1931 is identified for the first time in North America from woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Newfoundland where up to 88% of animals were infected. First-stage nematode larvae identical to those of E. cervi occur in faeces of barren ground caribou (R. t. groenlandicus) of the Kaminuriak herd and of woodland caribou in northern Labrador, Ontario, and Manitoba, suggesting that the parasite is widespread in Rangifer in Canada.In clinically normal caribou, adult E. cervi were found beneath the skin and in fascia of the thoracic musculature. Verminous pneumonia caused by nematode eggs and larvae in the lungs and diffuse lymphocytic leptomeningitis over the brain and spinal cord were consistent aspects of infection. A 10-month-old caribou calf exhibiting neurologic signs had numerous E. cervi among thoracic and cervical muscles but none in the central nervous system. Accumulations of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and histiocytes in the subarachnoid and perineurium of lateral nerves in the posterior region of the spinal cord and destruction of axons in the cauda equina may explain the clinical signs observed.

Central Nerve System Impairment, AMA Guides, Sixth Edition: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Central Nerve System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One ◽  
Nerve System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS) can be catastrophic because they involve the brain or spinal cord, and determining the underlying clinical cause of impairment is essential in using the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), in part because the AMA Guides addresses neurological impairment in several chapters. Unlike the musculoskeletal chapters, Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System, does not use grades, grade modifiers, and a net adjustment formula; rather the chapter uses an approach that is similar to that in prior editions of the AMA Guides. The following steps can be used to perform a CNS rating: 1) evaluate all four major categories of cerebral impairment, and choose the one that is most severe; 2) rate the single most severe cerebral impairment of the four major categories; 3) rate all other impairments that are due to neurogenic problems; and 4) combine the rating of the single most severe category of cerebral impairment with the ratings of all other impairments. Because some neurological dysfunctions are rated elsewhere in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, the evaluator may consult Table 13-1 to verify the appropriate chapter to use.

An unusual case of spinal cord restricted mycobacteriosis in a European mink

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
D. Schaudien ◽  
C. Flieshardt ◽  
I. Moser ◽  
H. Hotzel ◽  
A. Tipold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Mustela Lutreola ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
European Mink ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SummaryGranulomatous myelitis due to infection with Mycobacterium avium was diagnosed in a 4-year-old male neutered European mink (Mustela lutreola). The causative agent was detected by an acid-fast stain and further characterized by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing of the PCR product. A thorough histological evaluation of the remaining organs revealed no granulomatous lesions or detectable acid-fast organisms. Although minks are generally highly susceptible for mycobacteria, localised infections, especially of the central nervous system, are unusual and may represent an atypical chronic form of the disease.

METABOLIC STUDIES WITH 131I-LABELED THYROXINE. II.

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Grinberg
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tentative Explanation

ABSTRACT Radiologically thyroidectomized female Swiss mice were injected intraperitoneally with 131I-labeled thyroxine (T4*), and were studied at time intervals of 30 minutes and 4, 28, 48 and 72 hours after injection, 10 mice for each time interval. The organs of the central nervous system and the pituitary glands were chromatographed, and likewise serum from the same animal. The chromatographic studies revealed a compound with the same mobility as 131I-labeled triiodothyronine in the organs of the CNS and in the pituitary gland, but this compound was not present in the serum. In most of the chromatographic studies, the peaks for I, T4 and T3 coincided with those for the standards. In several instances, however, such an exact coincidence was lacking. A tentative explanation for the presence of T3* in the pituitary gland following the injection of T4* is a deiodinating system in the pituitary gland or else the capacity of the pituitary gland to concentrate T3* formed in other organs. The presence of T3* is apparently a characteristic of most of the CNS (brain, midbrain, medulla and spinal cord); but in the case of the optic nerve, the compound is not present under the conditions of this study.

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