The effect of reducing excess dietary amino acids on growing-finishing pig performance: an elevation of the ideal protein concept.

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Tuitoek ◽  
L G Young ◽  
C F de Lange ◽  
B J Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Amino Acids ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
The Ideal

An optimal dietary amino acid pattern for growing pigs

1997 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 91-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Wang ◽  
M. F. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Amino Acid Pattern ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
The Ideal

An animal's rate of protein accretion (or nitrogen retention) is determined by the most deficient (or first limiting) amino acid in the diet, in a perfectly balanced (or ideal) protein all essential amino acids and the sum of the non-essential amino acids are equally limiting. If a dietary protein had any amino acids in excess of the ideal pattern, then the removal of any of the excess should not affect nitrogen retention. This principle was used to determine the ideal dietary amino acid pattern for growing pigs.Three nitrogen balance trials were carried out with a total of 64 gilts of weight from 30 to 55 kg. Casein and a mixture of amino acids were used in the semi-purified diets. The animals were given the diets at the rate of 93 g/kg BW0.75/d in three equal meals mixed with 0.3 L water. The feeding times were 08.30, 12.30 and 17.30. All pigs received their experimental diets for 7 days, made up of 3 days preliminary and a 4-day collection, except that the preliminary period before the first collection in the first period was 7 days. Before the first collection bladder catheters were introduced.

The effect of altering dietary cystine and methionine levels at similar ratios to lysine on the requirements for sulphur amino acids in weaner pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
P.H. Simmins ◽  
J.C. Bodin ◽  
A. Kies ◽  
P.E.V. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids ◽  
The Ideal

The efficient production of the weaner pig requires accurate knowledge of its amino acid requirements. This is particularly relevant today as it is increasingly important to reduce nitrogenous waste from pigs. During the past decade formulations for feeds were based on the ideal protein profile of the lean tissue of pigs in which the sulphur amino acid requirements were assessed as the combination of total sulphur amino acids rather than through their individual amino acids, methionine and cystine (Agricultural Research Council, 1981). Today, this concept is challenged. The effect of the changing cystine demand in the weaner pig on the total ileal digestible sulphur amino acid (IDSAA) requirements and hence methionine levels requires study. The objective of this experiment was to understand the requirements and relationship between true ileal digestible cystine and methionine to lysine ratio in the ideal protein content of food to achieve efficient production in the young pig.

scholarly journals Optimistion of the amino acid composition of combined products for school nutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
A.T. Vasyukova ◽  
◽  
D.A. Tikhonov ◽  
A.V. Moshkin ◽  
I.A. Bogonosova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Score ◽  
The Ideal

The article presents a comparative characteristic of the amino acid composition of the «ideal» protein and the developed formulation of combined products. The results of calculation of the amino acid score (AAS) of the essential amino acids in the novel protein product are given. AAS is within the range from 105 to 143%. The developed formulation of a combined product has an insignificantly limited amount of valine (98%). Based on AAS, the difference coefficients of the examined amino acids were calculated (from –0.2 to 4.36%) and the biological value of each of the components of the formulation was determined. The nonessential amino acid composition of the «ideal» protein, raw materials of vegetable and animal origin and products produced according to the developed formulation are considered. The formulation of the novel combined product has been characterised as a full and balanced amino acid composition, suitable for nutrition, containing all the amino acids necessary for protein synthesis. The maximum AAS has been noted in steamed meatballs with beef, mutton and cabbage, which by 7.61% exceeds the AAS of steamed meatballs with beef and mutton and by 9.38% – the AAS of steamed meatballs with beef. The examined product has a high biological value – from 95 to 99%. The developed mathematical model is applicable to specification of the formulation under more specific conditions, for instance, for a particular age category. The novelty of the model consists in its priority with respect to the organoleptic properties and consumer preferences of the developed formulation. Key words: combined products, simplex method, amino acid score, formulation composition, protein

scholarly journals Aplicação do conceito de proteína ideal na nutrição de aves e suínos – uma breve revisão

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Hébert Fernandes de Brito ◽  
◽  
Wagner Azis Garcia de Araújo ◽  
Luciano Xavier dos Santos ◽  
Herbeth Leite Colares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
Swine Nutrition ◽  
The Ideal

Nutrition is responsible for most of the production costs and the formulation of balanced diets is of paramount importance to provide better productive performance and greater economic efficiency. Thus, the emergence of industrial amino acids allowed the elaboration of diets based on the ideal protein, providing an amino acid profile closer to the animals' needs, improving the use of nutrients and decreasing the excretion of dietary nitrogen in the environment. In view of the benefits presented using the ideal protein concept in the formulation of diets, this review aimed to show its application in poultry and swine nutrition

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of russian black pied and holstein cattle breeds of foreign breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
O.V. Gorelik ◽  
А.S. Gorelik ◽  
M.A. Tokoreva ◽  
N.I. Sorokina ◽  
G.V. Mkrtchyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Ideal

A related Holstein breed has recently been used to improve domestic dairy cattle and create highly productive herds by purchasing semen from breeding bulls, as well as a large number of heifers and calves of foreign breeding. The purpose of the work is a comparative assessment of the productive qualities of Black Pied and Holstein cows of foreign breeding. Purebred Holstein cows differ from animals of Black Pied breed in milk yield per lactation by 1064 kg or 15.2% (P≤0.01, in favor of Holstein cows). In terms of quality indicators of milk, that are the content of fat and protein in milk, the superiority remained with Black Pied cows. The difference was significant at P≤0.05 for fat content in milk and at P≤0.001 for protein content. Both groups of cows exceeded the breed standard for milk yield per lactation, mass fraction of fat and mass fraction of protein in milk. The milk of the Russian Black Pied cattle contains more essential amino acids. The milk of cows of both breeds can be considered complete, since the amount of limited amino acids in the milk of purebred Holstein cows of foreign breeding is over 95% of their content in the ideal protein.

scholarly journals Levels of digestible isoleucine on performance, carcass traits and organs weight of gilts (15 - 30 KG)

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Dalcin Castilha ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Doglas Batista Lazzeri ◽  
Marcelo Luiz Somensi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Synthetic Amino Acids ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Unit Performance ◽  
The Ideal

The ideal protein concept for pigs has allowed reducing levels of crude protein in the diet, since synthetic amino acids are included because the branched chain amino acids may be limiting. In order to determine the digestible isoleucine requirement for gilts from 15 to 30 kg, a performance assay was accomplished, using 40 crossbreed gilts of high genetic potential, averaging 15.00 ± 0.52 kg of body weight, alloted in a randomized blocks design, consisting of five treatments (0.45, 0.52, 0.59, 0.66, 0.73% of digestible isoleucine), four replicates and two animals per experimental unit. Performance traits were determined and at the end of the experiment one animal per experimental unit was slaughtered to determine carcass composition and organs weight. Levels from 0.45 to 0.73% of digestible isoleucine did not affect the carcass traits and organs weight of gilts from 15 to 30 kg. A quadratic effect (P<0.05) of digestible isoleucine levels on isoleucine efficiency for weight gain was observed, that increased up to 0.506% digestible isoleucine, which ratio of digestible isoleucine: lysine was 0.51.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROTEIN AND/OR METABOLIZABLE ENERGY LEVELS IN DIETS FORMULATED BASED ON IDEAL PROTEIN CONCEPT ON PERFORMANCE, EGG PRODUCTION, AND EGG QUALITY TRAITS OF LAYERS DURING PHASE 1 OF EGG PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
Shaimaa R. Anwar ◽  
Ahmed A. Al-Sagan ◽  
El- Bannaa R. A ◽  
Melegy T. M
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids ◽  
The Ideal

A comparative study was conducted to determine the impacts of crude protein (CP) reductions in laying hen diets. During phase one of egg production, 270 laying hens were randomly assigned into six dietary treatments, which were replicated three times using a 2 × 3 factorial experiment. Reduced CP and metabolizable energy (ME) diets were formulated based on the ideal amino acid profile concept and supplemented with crystalline amino acids. The control treatment received standard commercial diets containing 18.8% CP and 2,725 kcal/kg ME. Average weight gain, hen day egg production percentage, egg weight, egg mass, and other selected egg quality parameters were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed. Feed consumption and the feed conversion ratio were improved in birds fed reduced CP diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids. The dietary CP level significantly influenced shell thickness (ST), while the dietary ME level had no effect. A highly significant interaction was observed between CP percent and the Haugh unit (HU).  Results indicate that the “ideal protein concept” may be followed as an economically feasible option for laying hens since it optimizes the dietary amino acid profiles and ME levels, and have a positive effect on hen growth, egg quality and environmental pollution.

Relationship between dietary methionine and cysteine on the performance of high lean gain female pigs during the growing phase (33 to 57 kg live weight)

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
P.H. Simmins ◽  
H. Mongé
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Superior Genotype ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids ◽  
The Ideal

The ideal protein profile was developed by Agricultural Research council (1981) and was originally based on the lean tissue component of the pig. Maintenance requirement was then introduced by Fuller et al(1989) but ideal protein profile was still considered to have a constant ratio between all essential amino acids through the life cycle of the pig. However, the maintenance proportion for certain amino acids, such as the sulphur amino acids (SAA), may change as the pig grows. Hence, methionine and cysteine requirements are dependent on the relative balance of maintenance to protein accretion which is based on the protein deposition rate. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between true ileal digestible methionine and cysteine levels in feed and the ideal protein profile during the growing phase of superior genotype pigs.

9 What Would Be the Next Feed Amino Acid Based on a Microbial Point of View?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
So-Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Global Amino acids market is estimated as $15billion in 2020 and 60% of those volume is used for feed additives. Amino acids are converted to protein efficiently and have a benefit of lowering feeding cost and reducing the nitrogen content of the waste output compared to intact protein diet. Most amino acids are produced using microbial fermentation. Traditionally, amino acids used for feed additives are Lysine, threonine, tryptophan and methionine. Among them methionine was produced only by chemical process, but now methionine can also be produced by microbial fermentation, which can enlarge the choice of methionine from DL-form to L-form. Use of L-form methionine as feed additives reveals new nutritional value of L-methionine compared to DL-methionine. Recently, valine, arginine, isoleucine, and histidine are also included in feeds as functional nutrients thanks to their commercial availability and lower price. Technical progress in microbiology and bioengineering has been made more diverse amino acid to be used as feed additives. Then what would be the next amino acid as feed additivities based on microbial point of view? Leucine, glutamine, tyrosine and phenylalanine could be next possible amino acids based on metabolic pathways of microorganism. These amino acids share the pathways with former feed amino acids such as valine or tryptophan, which means that these can be produced with way that is more economical. In addition, these amino acids could be produced as mixed forms like glutamic acid/glutamine mixture, Tryptophan/tyrosine/phenylalanine mixture, or BCAA forms with cheaper price. Dried fermentation product such as lysine sulfate made by drying of microbial culture broth, could be one of the option for the combination of several new amino acids. Crude protein reduction in feed is one of the big nutritional trend to reach the ideal protein diet and environmental clean situation. Considering the use of new synthetic amino acids in feeds would be a potential way to realize the ideal protein diet.

Relationship between dietary methionine and cysteine on the performance of high lean gain female pigs during the growing phase (33 to 57 kg live weight)

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
P.H. Simmins ◽  
H. Mongé
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Superior Genotype ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids ◽  
The Ideal

The ideal protein profile was developed by Agricultural Research council (1981) and was originally based on the lean tissue component of the pig. Maintenance requirement was then introduced by Fuller et al(1989) but ideal protein profile was still considered to have a constant ratio between all essential amino acids through the life cycle of the pig. However, the maintenance proportion for certain amino acids, such as the sulphur amino acids (SAA), may change as the pig grows. Hence, methionine and cysteine requirements are dependent on the relative balance of maintenance to protein accretion which is based on the protein deposition rate. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between true ileal digestible methionine and cysteine levels in feed and the ideal protein profile during the growing phase of superior genotype pigs.

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