scholarly journals FOURTEEN PHYSICIANS OF FREDERIC CHOPIN: FOURTEEN WAYS TO TELL A PATIENT ABOUT HIS DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-355
Author(s):  
V. I. Berezutsky ◽  
◽  
M. S. Berezutskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Frederic Chopin ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
Famous People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethics And Psychology

The narratives based on history of the disease of famous people are an effective pedagogical tool for future physicians’ preparation in medical ethics and psychology. The objective of this study was to analyze the methods that doctors used to inform Frederic Chopin about his disease. Frederic Chopin's and Georges Sand's letters, the works of the composer's biographers as well as scientific publications devoted to Chopin's illness were analysed. The analysis showed that most of Frederic Chopin's physicians hid from him an incurable and fatal diagnosis for ethical reasons. This tactic proved to be effective: Chopin lived for more than 10 years with severe symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Iatrogenic depression: the case of Frederic Chopin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Berezutskyi ◽  
M. S. Berezutska
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Frederic Chopin ◽  
Death Sentence ◽  
Physician Patient Relationship ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Pedagogical Tool ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethics And Psychology

Psychological disorders caused by the doctor’s rash words are as common as the side effects of drug. Iatrogenic depression caused by ethical and psychological mistakes of doctors will never go away. Their frequency can be reduced only by improving the physicians’ skills in the fields of medical ethics and psychology. A clinical case analysis based on a famous person’s history of the disease is an effective pedagogical tool. The study aims to present the case of the famous Polish composer Frederic Chopin. The A comparative analysis of doctors’ objective actions and patients’ subjective evaluations of their actions were made based on a study of Chopin’s and Sand’s letters as well as the works of composer’s biographers. This approach provides a valuable opportunity to see doctors through the patient’s eyes. In the fall of 1838, during his rest in Majorca, the local doctors diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis in Chopin. The Majorcan doctors made a serious ethical mistake. They ignored the patient’s anamnesis vitae indicating his phthisiophobia and informed Chopin about the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and a poor prognosis in a very cynical manner. Chopin wrote: ‘One (doctor) said I had died the second that I am dying, the 3rd that I shall die’. Chopin perceived the diagnosis of tuberculosis as a ‘death sentence’, as a result of which he developed iatrogenic depression. All previous and subsequent Chopin’s doctors used other tactics: they prescribed the correct treatment, but the diagnosis was not voiced. The analysis shows the effectiveness of this tactic: Chopin lived another 10 years after the Majorcan episode. Chopin’s case shows typical doctors’ ethical and psychological issues in informing the patient about the dangerous diagnosis and poor prognosis as well as tactics for building a good physician‑patient relationship.

Network Organizational Structure (a Scientific and Practical Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-618
Author(s):  
A. V. Altukhov ◽  
S. A. Tishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
History Of ◽  
Business Structures

The presented study reviews practically relevant research papers in the field of network structures, modern network business models and platforms.Aim. The study aims to elaborate and explain the concept of network structure and platform and to show the reasons for the progressiveness and potential of network organizational structure at the current stage of socio-economic and scientific development.Tasks. The authors highlight the main scientific ideas about network structures in business, including significant studies in this area; provide and explain the main terms and definitions and examine the key characteristics of network business structures; characterize “platforms” as an important concept for modern business and show the relationship between platforms and network structures.Methods. This study uses analysis of information and subsequent synthesis of new knowledge in the form of the authors’ conclusions and a wide range of relevant scientific publications of Russian and foreign authors, including original publications in English and French.Results. The history of network structures is briefly provided. Definitions and characteristics of such concepts as “network structure” and “platform” in relation to business are provided and explained by the authors.

scholarly journals History of Astronomy in Australia: Big-Impact Astronomy from World War II until the Lunar Landing (1945–1969)

Galaxies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Alister Graham ◽  
Katherine Kenyon ◽  
Lochlan Bull ◽  
Visura Don ◽  
Kazuki Kuhlmann
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Solar Observatory ◽  
History Of Astronomy ◽  
World War ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Lunar Landing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Consecutive Time ◽  
Astrophysics Data System

Radio astronomy commenced in earnest after World War II, with Australia keenly engaged through the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. At this juncture, Australia’s Commonwealth Solar Observatory expanded its portfolio from primarily studying solar phenomena to conducting stellar and extragalactic research. Subsequently, in the 1950s and 1960s, astronomy gradually became taught and researched in Australian universities. However, most scientific publications from this era of growth and discovery have no country of affiliation in their header information, making it hard to find the Australian astronomy articles from this period. In 2014, we used the then-new Astrophysics Data System (ADS) tool Bumblebee to overcome this challenge and track down the Australian-led astronomy papers published during the quarter of a century after World War II, from 1945 until the lunar landing in 1969. This required knowledge of the research centres and facilities operating at the time, which are briefly summarised herein. Based on citation counts—an objective, universally-used measure of scientific impact—we report on the Australian astronomy articles which had the biggest impact. We have identified the top-ten most-cited papers, and thus also their area of research, from five consecutive time-intervals across that blossoming quarter-century of astronomy. Moreover, we have invested a substantial amount of time researching and providing a small tribute to each of the 62 scientists involved, including several trail-blazing women. Furthermore, we provide an extensive list of references and point out many interesting historical connections and anecdotes.

scholarly journals Pulmonary aspergilloma on transthoracic ultrasound

Infection ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa C. Ruby ◽  
Rajagopal Kadavigere ◽  
Shubha Sheshadri ◽  
Kavitha Saravu ◽  
Sabine Bélard
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Irregular Border ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Pulmonary Aspergilloma ◽  
Transthoracic Ultrasound

Abstract Purpose Pulmonary aspergilloma affects immunocompromised patients but is also a recurrent condition in patients previously treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods and Results We report the case of a 45-year-old patient with a history of cured pulmonary tuberculosis 15 years earlier in whom we visualized pulmonary aspergilloma by transthoracic lung sonography. Sonography of pulmonary aspergilloma demonstrated an oval cavity with hypoechoic contents and an irregular border, measuring a diameter of 4.7 cm; inside the lesion, a roundish structure with an anechoic rim was discernable. Conclusions The sonographic findings corresponded to chest X-ray and computed tomography imaging in this patient and to previously reported sonographic characteristics of mycotic abscesses in other organs. Lung ultrasound may be a tool to identify pulmonary aspergilloma, especially as a point-of-care imaging tool and where other imaging modalities are inaccessible.

scholarly journals The Accuracy of Emergency Physicians’ Suspicions of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 860
Author(s):  
Shiang-Jin Chen ◽  
Chun-Yu Lin ◽  
Tzu-Ling Huang ◽  
Ying-Chi Hsu ◽  
Kuan-Ting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
General Ward ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Objective: To investigate factors associated with recognition and delayed isolation of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Background: Precise identification of PTB in the emergency department (ED) remains challenging. Methods: Retrospectively reviewed PTB suspects admitted via the ED were divided into three groups based on the acid-fast bacilli culture report and whether they were isolated initially in the ED or general ward. Factors related to recognition and delayed isolation were statistically compared. Results: Only 24.94% (100/401) of PTB suspects were truly active PTB and 33.77% (51/151) of active PTB were unrecognized in the ED. Weight loss (p = 0.022), absence of dyspnea (p = 0.021), and left upper lobe field (p = 0.024) lesions on chest radiographs were related to truly active PTB. Malignancy (p = 0.015), chronic kidney disease (p = 0.047), absence of a history of PTB (p = 0.013), and lack of right upper lung (p ≤ 0.001) and left upper lung (p = 0.020) lesions were associated with PTB being missed in the ED. Conclusions: Weight loss, absence of dyspnea, and left upper lobe field lesions on chest radiographs were related to truly active PTB. Malignancy, chronic kidney disease, absence of a history of PTB, and absence of right and/or left upper lung lesions on chest radiography were associated with isolation delay.

PECULIARITIES, TYPOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS AND THE CIVIL WAR IN THE WORKS OF A.V. SHUBIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Valeriy Ljubin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
World History ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
State University ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The review analyzes the approaches of the well-known Russian historian A.V. Shubin to the coverage of the typology of revolutions and the features and chronology of the Great Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Civil War of 1918-1922. Alexander Vladlenovich Shubin is Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher at the Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor at Russian State University for the Humanities, author of more than 20 monographs and about 200 scientific publications on the problems of Soviet history and history of leftist ideas and movements.

scholarly journals The Hippocratic Oath and deontology in modern medicine

2022 ◽  
Vol 99 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 409-413
Author(s):  
P. E. Krynyukov ◽  
V. B. Simonenko ◽  
V. G. Abashin ◽  
G. R. Musailov
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Hippocratic Oath ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
History Of

The article deals with the history of the origin of Hippocratic Oath, the main issues of professional medical (medical) ethics (bioethics) from the standpoint of modern trends in the development of medicine: euthanasia, induced abortion, gender relations and transgender transition.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Tuberculosis mimicking a right Eventration on Radiography: The falsity of single view radiograph in the diagnosis of a precursor of pulmonary disease: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
John Ogunkoya ◽  
Oluwatosin Yetunde Adesuyi
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
The Body ◽  
Single View ◽  
Lymph Node Enlargement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Background: The diaphragm is one of the most important muscles of respiration in the body separating the abdomen from the thorax. Abnormalities of the diaphragm could be congenital or acquired, morphological or functional while pulmonary infection e.g. pulmonary tuberculosis, is implicated in its etiology. Case presentation: A 63-year- old man with six weeks history of cough productive of yellowish sputum. Chest X-ray showed a uniform well-circumscribed opacity in the right lower lobe abutting on or in continuum with the right diaphragm consistent with a diaphragmatic hump. Sputum Gene Xpert was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chest CT scan revealed bilateral lymph node enlargement with hyperdense lesions in the anterior basal segment of the right lower lobe and medial bronchopulmonary segments of the right middle lobe. He was treated for 6 months with first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Discussion: The incidence of the diaphragmatic hump on chest radiograph worldwide and among Nigerians is unknown. The association of diaphragmatic hump with chest infection has been well document. The association of diaphragmatic hump with pulmonary tuberculosis is uncommon. Conclusion: A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis with atypical clinical and radiological presentations. Such prompt diagnosis will aid the treatment of the disease.

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