scholarly journals Development of a technology for collecting and analyzing data for monitoring based on an ontological approach

Author(s):  
Yu.I. Molorodov ◽  
O.V. Kasatkin

One of the ways to build information models is ontological modeling. The use of ontologies greatly facilitates the exchange of data between embedded models and utilities for the digital representation of an object or a real-world system, sometimes called “digital twin” (DT). It is also important to establish a correspondence between the DT, people and external programs. Based on the dictionary of the main terms, classes, objects of the subject area and the relations between them, we have built an ontology of the hydroelectric dam DT.

Author(s):  
A.Yu. Sapozhnikov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Kuznetsov ◽  
A.S. Mavrina ◽  
G.G. Kulikov ◽  
...  

Currently, the methodology of system engineering is being formed, the product of which is, as usual, the creation of real objects information models, supplemented by virtual components, and on the contrary, virtual objects, supplemented by real components. For example, an information model of a technological object is a specification of real equipment, supplemented by a specification of the purchased equipment of a technological process and on the contrary. By analogy with general engineering in the field of technical activity, the metastructures of such information models must meet the V-shaped structure of the validation and verification processes. Therefore, models should be regularly checked during their life cycle to ensure that their structure and parameters correspond to real and virtual objects. At the present, there are conditions for a coordinated decision of technological objects system information modeling, taking into account their internal (physical) structure and of the digital environment the external structure. In general theoretical terms, the construction of system models is based on the problem of formal consistent description (grammatical calculus) of the structure and functional regularities of a set of objects and their connections in the subject area under study. The presented approach of the subject area system modeling under consideration is based on the classical model of a machine-building enterprise (MP) educational and production activities and a university. Aim. To apply the principles of the design approach for the formation of a corporate information system (CIS) engineering company metastructure digital twin, to explore the prospects of its application, to show the key information components in the management of subject-oriented knowledge and data, as well as the ability to scale technology in the formation of a digital environment for architecture and modern MP, improving the efficiency of business processes participants interaction. Materials and methods. The principles of the system engineering methodo¬logy (process approach, life cycle, etc.), an integrated approach and structural analysis of the design process according to the SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technology) methodology, and the TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) methodology are used. Results. The proposed approach for system modeling the subject area is the development of works of the authors, demonstrates the possibility of scaling on the example of interaction of participants of the REC using part of the University's digital twin KIS enterprises of the real sector of the economy. The requisite of developing a knowledge management model and the increasing role of information search engines are shown. Conclusion. The proposed approach expands the application of the digital twin metastructure, allows correcting the enterprise architecture to improve the efficiency of business processes.


Author(s):  
О.В. Баюк ◽  
И.О. Лозикова

В статье рассмотрены актуальные вопросы онтологического моделирования базы знаний интеллектуальной системы поддержки принятия решения (СППР) по выбору индивидуальной образовательной траектории. Цель работы – разработка онтологической модели базы знаний системы поддержки принятия решения для построения индивидуальной образовательной траектории обучающегося. Предметом исследования является онтологическое моделирование процесса построения индивидуальной образовательной траектории. Актуальность работы обусловлена индивидуализацией образовательного процесса, который предлагается осуществлять по индивидуальным образовательным траекториям (ИОТ). При построении ИОТ большая роль отводится самостоятельному выбору и принятию решения обучающимся, где необходимо ясно видеть возможный результат своего выбора. Система построения сценариев выбора ИОТ или Система поддержки принятия решения (СППР, Decision Support System, DSS) является интеллектуальной системой, ядром которой будет база знаний на основе онтологической модели. Представлены методологические и технологические аспекты моделирования онтологии базы знаний предметной области индивидуальных образовательных траекторий, применение современных программных средств и стандартов разработки онтологических моделей. Описан метод и технология онтологического моделирования, представлены основные технологические стандарты и их теоретические основания, а также основные процессы методики проектирования. Дано описание предметной области онтологической модели, подход к построению модели базы знаний индивидуальной образовательной траектории, где сформулированы целевые вопросы данной онтологии для определения её масштаба и компетентности. Представлен последовательный процесс онтологического моделирования знаний описанной предметной области. Разработаны правила логического вывода для проверки компетентности онтологической модели и представлены результаты логических вычислений. Представлен выбор семантических технологий для разработки СППР. В заключение сделаны выводы о преимуществах онтологического подхода к разработке базы знаний системы поддержки принятия решения по выбору индивидуальной образовательной траектории и о программной архитектуре реализации данной системы. The article deals with topical issues of ontological modeling of the knowledge base of the intelligent decision support system (DSS) for the choice of an individual educational trajectory. The purpose of the work is to develop an ontological model of the knowledge base of the decision support system for building an individual educational trajectory of a student. The subject of the research is the ontological modeling of the process of building an individual educational trajectory. The relevance of the work is due to the individualization of the educational process, which is proposed to be carried out according to individual educational trajectories (IOT). When building an IOT, a large role is assigned to the independent choice and decision-making of students, where it is necessary to clearly see the possible result of their choice. The system for constructing IOT selection scenarios or the Decision Support System (DSS, Decision Support System, DSS) is an intelligent system, the core of which will be a knowledge base based on an ontological model. Methodological and technological aspects of modeling the ontology of the knowledge base of the subject area of individual educational trajectories, the use of modern software tools and standards for the development of ontological models are presented. The method and technology of ontological modeling are described, the main technical standards and their theoretical foundations are presented, as well as the main processes of the design methodology. The article describes the subject area of the ontological model, an approach to building a knowledge base model of an individual educational trajectory, where the target questions of this ontology are formulated to determine its scale and competence. A sequential process of ontological modeling of knowledge of the described subject area is presented. The rules of logical inference for checking the competence of the ontological model are developed and the results of logical calculations are presented. The choice of semantic technologies for the development of DSS is presented. In conclusion, conclusions are made about the advantages of the ontological approach to the development of the knowledge base of the decision support system for choosing an individual educational trajectory and about the software architecture of the implementation of this system.


2020 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Halyna A. Pidnebesna ◽  

The architecture of the GMDH-based inductive modeling tools is considered. A feature is the use of the knowledge base in the form of an ontology of the subject area of inductive modeling. The application of the ontological approach to the design of the knowledge base makes it possible to automatically acquire new knowledge, efficiently process information in the modeling of complex objects of different nature according to statistical data, generate queries and obtain logical inferences. Fragments of the GMDH-based inductive modeling ontology are given as an example of creating a formal description of the subject area. The Protege onto editor was used to construct ontologies.


2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Serhii A. Lupenko ◽  
Volodymyr V. Pasichnyk ◽  
Nataliia E. Kunanets

The paper presents the axiomatic-deductive strategy of organizing the content of an academic discipline with the help of ontological approach in the e-learning systems in the field of information technologies. The authors have taken into account that the necessary property of the system of axiomatic statements is their consistency. On the basis of axiomatic-deductive strategy, new approaches to the formation of the discipline content are proposed. It is proved that the system of true statements of an academic discipline is based on its terminology-conceptual apparatus, in particular, axiomatic statements. The developed mathematical structures that describe the axiomatic-deductive substrategy of the organization of the academic discipline general statements and the taxonomically oriented substrategy of the deployment of the academic discipline content are presented in the article. This ensures the transition from the content form of representation of the set of statements of the academic discipline to its presentation by means of artificial languages of mathematical logic. The use of descriptive logic ensures the formalization of the procedure for displaying an axiomatic informal system in an axiomatic formal system. The mathematical structures describe and detail the abstract logical-semantic core of the academic discipline in the form of a group of axiomatic systems. It is noted that the basic core of the content of academic discipline contains its basic concepts and judgments. This ensures a strictly logical transition from abstract general concepts and statements to the concepts and assertions of the lower level of universality and abstraction. It is noted that in order to accommodate the content of an academic discipline is advisable to develop a taxonomically oriented sub-strategy based on the multiple application of operations of general concept division. The mathematical structures allow for analysis of a generalized structure of interactions between the verbal level of the description of the academic discipline subject area, the formal level of description of the subject area and the description of the subject area at the level of computer ontology, which is implemented through the formalization, interpretation, encoding and decoding in the computer-ontology development environment. As an example of the application of the proposed axiomatic-deductive strategy, the elements of the glossary and taxonomies of the concepts of the discipline "Computer Logic", which are embodied in the Protégé environment with the help of OWL ontology description language have been developed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 00065
Author(s):  
Andrey Cherepashkov ◽  
Anastasia Sharaukhova

The problem of the formation of subject-oriented knowledge bases in the subject area of operation of computer-aided design systems is discussed. One of the trends in the development of CAD systems is their intellectualization through the development of a system-wide environment, including the means of methodological support of the design activities of users. It is proposed to use the otological approach in identifying and updating the content of knowledge bases used by target CAD personnel. The results of an experiment on the development of a targeted taxonomy in the subject area of computer-aided design of engineering products are presented.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
A.A. Cherepashkov ◽  
◽  
A.G. Sharaukhova

The urgency and significance of the application of the ontological approach in teaching computer-aided design is sub-stantiated. Training and retraining of personnel is one of the important stages in the implementation of automated sys-tems for industrial purposes, and methodological support tools are necessarily present in the portfolio of all leading manufacturers of computer-aided design systems (CAD). Principles and approaches to the formation of the ontological base of the subject area of teaching computer-aided design are proposed. To highlight the structure of educational ontology, it is proposed to use the concepts of aspects of mechanical engineering design. The hierarchy of levels of training for CAD users is determined. At the operator level, training comes down to mastering a limited set of terms and concepts implemented in specific system solutions. At the technician level, it is required to master a wider set of stand-ard design procedures typical for a whole class of basic CAD technologies. At the engineering levels, the user acquires the knowledge necessary to master the technologies and CAD tools in the complex of all stages of technical prepara-tion of production. The article describes the method of ontological analysis of the studied subject area, which ensures the formation of target trajectories for training and retraining specialists, providing for a number of sequential stages in the formation of an ontological base. The article describes the method of ontological analysis of the subject area of education, which ensures the formation of target trajectories of training and retraining of specialists and provides for a number of successive stages of the formation of an ontological base. To optimize the individual trajectories of training CAD specialists, special software has been developed, integrated with the Protégé ontological editor.


Cultura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Iryna MELNYCHUK ◽  
Nadiya FEDCHYSHYN ◽  
Oleg PYLYPYSHYN ◽  
Anatolii VYKHRUSHCH

The article analyzes the philosophical and cultural view of “doctor’s professional culture” as a result of centuries-old practice of human relations, which is characterized by constancy and passed from generation to generation. Medicine is a complex system in which an important role is played by: philosophical outlook of a doctor, philosophical culture, ecological culture, moral culture, aesthetic culture, artistic culture. We have found that within the system “doctor-patient” the degree of cultural proximity becomes a factor that influences the health or life of a patient. Thus, the following factors are important here: 1) communication that suppresses a sick person; 2) the balance of cultural and intellectual levels; 3) the cultural environment of a patient which has much more powerful impact on a patient than the medical one.At the present stage, the interdependence of professional and humanitarian training of future specialists is predominant, as a highly skilled specialist can not but become a subject of philosophizing. We outlined the sphere where the doctors present a genre variety of philosophizing (philosophical novels, apologies, dialogues, diaries, aphorisms, confessions, essays, etc.). This tradition represents the original variations in the formation of future doctor’s communicative competences, which are formed in the process of medical students’ professional training.A survey conducted among medical students made it possible to establish their professional values, which are indicators of the formation of philosophical and culturological competence. It was found out that 92% of respondents believed that a doctor should demonstrate a high level of health culture (avoid drinking and smoking habits, etc.)99% of respondents favoured a high level of personal qualities of a doctor which would allow methods and forms of medical practice to assert higher human ideals of truth, goodness and beauty that are the subject area of cultural studies and philosophy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-32
Author(s):  
E. V. Burdina ◽  

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problems of the essence and content of judicial ethics in the new conditions of the technical revolution and with other social needs for legal regulation. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The work used a systematic, activity-personal approach to the study of moral and ethical standards of the conduct of judges. This made it possible to reveal a new and broader view on judicial ethics, which is not simply a set of moral restrictions and obligations imposed on a judge. Results. The work has identified and analysed the signs of judicial ethics at the current stage of development. It is argued that ethical regulation is precautionary in relation to the legal regulation of the independence of judges, for they complement ethical rules and reinforce legal norms. The ethical conduct of judges is an instrument guaranteeing judicial independence in all of its manifestations, including in organisational and judicial relations. The new realities of our time recognise the expansion of boundaries and the subject area itself of ethical regulation. A broader view on judicial ethics, which differs from the traditional one, is hereby justified. The latter is defined in two ways – namely both as a system of professional values, as well as a means of judicial administration based on the principle of self-regulation. By its very nature, judicial ethics is the result (and the way) of judicial self-governance, developed on the basis of the experience of functioning bodies of the judicial community. Discussion and Conclusion. Conclusions are drawn on both the instrumental and the managerial impact of the categories of ethics. The subject of judicial ethics has been defined, which constitutes the rules of conduct of judges in the performance of their professional duties and beyond – namely the set of general principles of work of a judge, as well as the personal qualities of a judge personifying the judicial power. Proposals on the optimisation of the mechanism of ethical influence, differentiation of ethical and disciplinary norms have also been substantiated.


Author(s):  
Sailendra Bhuyan ◽  
Punita Borpuzari Deori

Achievement test is of very important assessment tool to evaluate the student’s current level of knowledge and skill acquired from classroom instruction. This test is designed to evaluate the student’s level of achievement in a particular subject for a particular class prescribed under the board or the university. In other words, to assess how much the pupils have achieved the educational objectives in teaching learning process at the end of the course and if achieved then to what extent, it has been achieved. Achievement tests are proved to be very helpful in various ways to the people who are involved in the field of education such as the teachers, the administrators, the planners, to the parents as well as for the students. The teacher very carefully develops and conduct achievement test in the class which enable the teacher to get an overall idea of the progress or the level of achievement of his students in the subject area. The teacher can determine the pupil’s strength and weakness in the subject area. So, based on this the teacher can take necessary remedial instructional strategies for the betterment of the pupil’s progress. In the same time, it also provides feedback for the teaching efficiency of the teacher.As with the time changes there have been many educational reforms taken place and in between syllabus had also been changed under different Boards of Studies. In order to maintain uniform standard of education the Government has formulated a policy to implement NCERT syllabus common to all School Boards throughout the country and accordingly the State Board of Secondary Education, Assam (SEBA) follow NCERT syllabus and to evaluate students’ achievement in terms of the policy formulated by the Board. Till now, no any standardized achievement test has been conducted for the secondary school students of Assam. Therefore, the investigators felt to construct and standardize an achievement test in the subject General Science which will definitely help in educational research.


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