Reliability of Lower Extremity Kinematics in Three-Dimensional Gait Measurements in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the Korean version of the trunk control measurement scale (K-TCMS) and the selective control assessment of the lower extremity (SCALE). Through this, we tried to find out the effect of proximal stabilization on distal motor development. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one children with gross motor function classification system level I–III, diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP), were studied. The K-TCMS was used to evaluate the body control ability of the children. SCALE was used to quantify selective voluntary motor control (SVMC). Results: Analysis of SCALE and K-TCMS showed a significant positive correlation in all items. Multiple regression analysis showed that the SCALE score decreased as age increased, and that it increased as the static sitting balance ability score and the dynamic sitting balance ability score of the K-TCMS increased significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In children with cerebral palsy, there was a close correlation between trunk control and selective voluntary motor control of the lower extremities. Therefore, when trying to improve the lower extremity function of a child with cerebral palsy, a trunk control intervention should be considered.

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3-D lower extremity bone morphology in ambulant children with cerebral palsy and its relation to gait

Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.rehab.2019.03.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rodolphe Bailly ◽

Mathieu Lempereur ◽

Christelle Pons ◽

Laetitia Houx ◽

Matthias Thepaut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Bone Morphology ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy

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Construct validity and reliability of the Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity in children with cerebral palsy

Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology ◽

10.1111/dmcn.12805 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 167-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Julia Balzer ◽

Petra Marsico ◽

Elena Mitteregger ◽

Marietta L van der Linden ◽

Thomas H Mercer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Selective Control ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy

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The effect of botulinum toxin type A treatment of the lower extremity on the level of functional abilities in children with cerebral palsy: evaluation with goal attainment scaling

Clinical Rehabilitation ◽

10.1191/0269215505cr859oa ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 274-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Duco Steenbeek ◽

Anke Meester-Delver ◽

Jules G Becher ◽

Gustaaf J Lankhorst

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Goal Attainment ◽

Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽

Type A ◽

Botulinum Toxin Type ◽

Goal Attainment Scaling ◽

Functional Abilities ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy

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Managing lower extremity muscle tone and function in children with cerebral palsy via eight-week repetitive passive knee movement intervention

Research in Developmental Disabilities ◽

10.1016/j.ridd.2012.09.020 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 554-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hsin-Yi Kathy Cheng ◽

Yan-Ying Ju ◽

Chia-Ling Chen ◽

Ya-Ju Chang ◽

Alice May-Kuen Wong

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Muscle Tone ◽

Lower Extremity Muscle ◽

Knee Movement ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

And Function

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The use of botulinum toxin therapy for lower-extremity spasticity in children with cerebral palsy

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/foc.2006.21.2.2 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. E1 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Susan R. Criswell ◽

Beth E. Crowner ◽

Brad A. Racette

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Muscle Tone ◽

Botulinum Toxin A ◽

Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽

Safety Margin ◽

Technical Information ◽

Botulinum Toxin Therapy ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy

✓ Hypertonicity is a leading cause of disability for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Botulinum toxin A (BTA) chemically denervates muscle tissue and is commonly used in the management of lower-extremity hypertonicity in children with CP because of its focal effects and wide safety margin. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that BTA injections in the ankle flexors, hamstrings, and adductors reduce spasticity and result in improved passive and active range of motion. In other studies, improvements in gait and measurements of functional outcome were found in appropriately selected children who had been injected with BTA. A multidisciplinary treatment approach that includes physical therapists, occupational therapists, orthotists, neurologists, physicians with expertise in performing botulinum toxin injections, orthopedic surgeons, and neurosurgeons is critical to optimize care in children with lower-extremity tone due to CP. In this paper, the authors propose treatment algorithms based on clinical presentation, detailed dosing, and technical information to optimize the treatment of these children. With a multidisciplinary approach, children with lower-extremity hypertonicity due to CP can experience improvements in muscle tone and function.

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An Instrumentation Approach for Assessing the Effects of a Hand Positioning Device on Reaching Motion of Children with Cerebral Palsy

The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research ◽

10.1177/153944929201200502 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 278-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Denise T. Reid

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Movement Time ◽

Single Point ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Future Research ◽

Hand Position ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Positioning Device

The effects of a hand positioning device (HPD) on the quality of upper-extremity movement of five children with cerebral palsy were examined in this pilot study. Hand position was monitored during a reaching task using a single-point, 3°-of-freedom, three-dimensional tracker device. Three-dimensional path length, average velocity, movement time, response time, and the number of accelerations and decelerations (movement units) were measured. Operational definitions for each of these variables were developed for this study. Each subject performed 15 reaching trials at a pretest and posttest. A 6-week intervention period followed the pretest where each subject wore the HPD for 1 hour daily for functional activities. Group results showed no significant differences for any of the variables being measured. However, individual data analysis revealed that the HPD has the potential for modifying the quality of reaching motions in some children with cerebral palsy. The nature of the changes observed among these five subjects is discussed, as well as suggestions for future research studies. Finally, this initial study shows that the tracker is a sensitive method for recording qualitative changes in the upper-extremity motion of children with cerebral palsy in occupational therapy research.

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