scholarly journals Regional Development Strategies for Major Cities - According to Economic Indicators - The Region of Aleppo's Greater City as a Case Study: الاستراتيجيات التنموية لأقاليم المدن الكبرى - وفق المؤشرات الاقتصادية - حالة دراسية - إقليم مدينة حلب الكبرى

Author(s):  
Heba Mohamad Kardosh, Abdulkader Abdulkarim Hariri Heba Mohamad Kardosh, Abdulkader Abdulkarim Hariri

The aim of the study was to define some developmental concepts and discuss a variety of development theories that addressed economic development and its effect on the development and growth of the regions of major cities. The importance of the economic factor in the development process was emphasized in most development theories, by determining the most suitable investment locations and the best delivery of activities and services based on the best relationships. Afterwards, some Arab and international experiences were examined, which discussed the topic of research based on an analytical study of various economic considerations, and different scenarios were used to set development plans based on the priorities for achieving goals that differed by country. The study assumes that the lack of developmental balance between the city and its region is due to land use inconsistency and a lack of long-term planning for available resources and development potential. This resulted in the loss of many commercial and development prospects, a decline in agricultural output, and a rise in real estate rents in the surrounding areas of big cities in general, and Aleppo in particular. To track the problem, we used the historical method, the inductive method to read the facts, the deductive method to elicit the sources of the problem, the analytical method to analyze the causes, and the results were formulated using the analysis. Then, based on the strategies, theories, and experiences studied in the first topic, a development strategy was proposed based on the development indicators of the Greater Aleppo City region. To promote sustainable growth in the country, this strategy seeks to reduce development disparities throughout the region and achieve equity in the distribution of economic activity.

Author(s):  
Marina Molodcova

The importance of the work manifests in the study of the right of individuals to the protection of their interests in the court of arbitration, and as a result, new theoretical and practical conclusions are offered. Dispute settlement in the court of arbitration is usually characterised by three positive aspects: comparatively short dispute settlement time, lower costs, and confidentiality. Still, the environment of the Latvian courts of arbitration has earned a negative image, and their quick judgements are not always objective and fair. In Latvia, the number of studies in this field is small; studying issues related to courts of arbitration mostly gained popularity during the period when changes in the laws and regulations or passing a new Arbitration Law was planned. Studies where the practice of other countries in relation to courts of arbitration is explored primarily tend to analyse and study the international institute of the court of arbitration. The normative regulations that governs the operation of courts of arbitration in the latest years has been improved and developed; however, in general it does not form a positive legal practice. The research aim is to study the topic, individuals’ right to the protection of their interests in the court of arbitration, find problems and shortcomings, as well as offer a solution. The research object is civil judicial remedy for protecting individual’s interests, whereas the research subject is the individuals’ rights to the protection of their interests in the court of arbitration. The following scientific research methods have been used in the development of research work: special methods: grammatical method, analytical method, systemic method, historical method, teleological method, comparative method, semantic method; general scientific methods: inductive method and deductive method.


2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-611
Author(s):  
Bosiljka Vukovic ◽  
Ljubisa Perovic

There are many proofs confirming the importance of sustainable development for Montenegro. Shared international challenges, global economic crisis, and, particularly, the country?s natural characteristics emphasize that sustainable development is the only way ahead. In 2002 Montenegro formed the National Council for Sustainable Development; in 2005 the Office for Sustainable Development was established, and the National Strategy of Sustainable Development was adopted in 2007. With these developments, Montenegro created the most advanced institutional basis for sustainable development in its region. After carefully observing the functioning of national sustainable development institutions, however, the Office for Sustainable Development embarked upon the process of their reform in 2008. As a result, the Council was fundamentally reformed, having its membership downsized and composition transformed. Two Annual Reports on the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy have been completed and the process of defining sustainable development indicators commenced in co-operation with the United Nations. This paper critically examines the evolution of the set-up of the Montenegrin sustainable development system, presents the advantages and disadvantages of the government-anchored Council. Based on the lessons learnt, it presents recommendations for policy makers on promoting and enforcing sustainable development. The paper argues that only by effectively co-ordinating all segments of society and ensuring genuine participation of outside-government stakeholders, the countries can ensure that sustainable development principles are incorporated in national and local policies. The independence and pro-activeness in approach of sustainable development institutions is essential in ensuring the supremacy of sustainable practices in decision-making. Considering the similarities in historic, economic and social developments of the former socialist countries, the recommendations put forward by this paper could be of particularly relevance for the countries of Southeast, Central, and Eastern Europe. The findings of this paper could also contribute to the wider debate on sustainable development institutional models.


2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
R. Neilands

Latvia from 2008 till 2013 experienced serious financial crisis. The results of the crisis were significant financial loss in banking area, plenty of foreclosures, plenty of corporate and private bankruptcy processes. One of issues Latvia faced in the foreclosure proceedings was the reaction of debtors – some of them used all possible means (including illegal) to obstruct foreclosure. One of such means is a conclusion of fictitious employmentcontracts on the mortgaged real estate maintenance and later obtaining a court judgment on a wage recovery. The aim of the paper is to research how fictitious employmentcontracts are used and to propose a solution for the fictitious labour agreements issue. Methods of qualitative research were employed in the paper – comparative method, analytic method, inductive method, and deductive method.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Ida Nuraini ◽  
Rahmad Hidayat ◽  
Setyo Wahyu Sulistyono

This study aims to calculate the strength of interaction between regions and determine the variables determining the level of interaction between regions. This research was conducted in the area of East Java province with the object of 39 regencies and cities using the variable mileage, educational facilities, and health facilities. The data used are secondary data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency of East Java, meanwhile the analytical tool used is gravity analysis and regression analysis, with the regression model used is panel data regression, the Random Effect model. The results showed that the areas in the interaction category were weak, namely the southern part of East Java, the western part and the eastern part while those in the interaction category were in the middle eastern part of Java. Category of regions with strong interaction are Gerbang kertosusila and surrounding areas. From the random effect model regression analysis it is known that the distance, education and health facilities variables together influence 95% of the level of interaction between regions and the most dominant variable is the distance between regions which has a regression coefficient of -62480222. Health facility variable has a significant positive effect while education facility variable has no effect on interactions between regions. Therefore, in order for equitable development to be realized immediately, the distance between regions must be shortened by improving the quality of roads, construction of new roads and toll roads, especially in the southern, eastern and eastern parts of Java.


Author(s):  
D. E. Andrianesi ◽  
E. Dimopoulou

Abstract. The rapid urbanization over the last decades is leading to intensive land exploitation, and thus to the degradation of the city environment and the surrounding areas. This reality that applies at a global level, challenges new needs for sustainable growth and new ways to protect and ensure land property. It is of great importance, for the viable growth of every organized social structure, to protect land ownership and land-use in an appropriate way. Therefore arises the need for continuous and valid update of the complex Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities (RRRs) within a developing 3D urban environment. For this environment, the interest focuses on ensuring land properties by improved methods of 3D information management, within modern land administration systems. The integration of Building Information Models (BIMs) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is expected to produce various advantages and play an important role in constructing 3D city models that successfully deal with every challenge in the urban landscape. GIS, in one hand, can manage and provide information about the existing environment, while on the other hand, BIMs focus on information regarding the design, construction and maintenance of a building /or complex structure inside that environment. This paper discusses the development of an integrated GIS and BIM 3D data platform enriched with 3D cadastral information This is illustrated with two use cases, a city block (No 464) in the area of Chalandri, Athens, and a four-floor building (at Kithaironos 21 street, in the same buildings’ block), used for applying BIM technology.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Bharat Prasad Badal

 Gandhian Model of Community Development (GMCD) is a sustainable development model for governments in the central, provincial, and local levels of democratic federal countries in the world by the scientific analysis of Gandhian ideology in a specified community. Community Development is a method, a strategy, and a campaign to uplift human life settlements and to solve the community problems from a simple local perspective. The human settlement with local communal acceptance, local norms, and values, environmental protection, help and cooperation, trusteeship, health, education, sanitation, training, transportation, marketing, etc. are the major components of the Gandhian Model of Community Development. The global acceptance with local initiation, norms, knowledge and practices in the positive changes on human life is Gandhian Community Development. It is the core ideological view of the great leader of south Asia-Mahatma Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi is also pronounced as second Buddha of the world. The main objective of the study is to develop a Gandhian Model of Community Development with the incorporation of thoughts and ideologies of Mahatma Gandhi. The study is the collection of Gandhian ideology with a programmatic model for the future development of the human being specified within the boundary with the specified indicators of the Gandhian Model of Community Development. It is a hermeneutic and historical interpretation of three universal truths- Generation, Operation, and Destruction for the liberation of human beings from a sustainable development strategy guided by Mahatma Gandhi. His ideas are herminuted in contemporary sustainable community development. In conclusion, the Gandhian Model of Community development is a model having Balance Sheet of Production and Consumption within the specified municipality and Gandhian Development Indicators for human liberation or development toward ultimate freedom.


“Music is a world within itself a language we all understand “– Steve Wonder. According to these words if this language called “Music” can be used in the teaching of a foreign language it justifies the words of Plato “Music is a more potent instrument than any other form of education because rhythm and harmony find their way into the inward places of the soul”. This article aims To highlight the advantages of “Vocalese” in the teaching of French as a foreign langue (FLE) – Francais Langue Etrangere and to structure a formative and fun FLE course through the exploitation of a song aiming at functional, linguistic and socio cultural objectives. Why use songs? Why music? Music is a therapy. It is a communication far more powerful than words, far more immediate and far more efficient” – Yehudi Menuhin. Having understood well the advantages of using songs in the teaching of FLE, let us now analyze the concept the “Vocalese”. What is Vocalese? Vocalese is a style or musical genre of jazz singing wherein words are sung note for note to melodies that were originally created by a soloist's improvisation. Why use Vocalese? Man can learn nothing except by going from the known to the unknown – Claude Bernard (French physiologist).In “Vocalese” one is familiar with the tune. When this (known) tune is combined with new lyrics (the unknown) learning is facilitated. Advantages of “Vocalese” in the concept of teaching - Vocalese uses the deductive method of teaching in lieu to the inductive method of teaching. Music is to soul what words are to mind and if these words can be altered it is nothing more than the alteration of the mind – the very first step needed in the teaching of any language. Thus the duty of every teacher is not to teach but to facilitate teaching in accordance to the words of Robert Frost “There are two kinds of teachers: the kind that fills you with so much quail shot that you can’t move and the kind that just gives you a little prod behind and you jump to the skies”. I conclude with the words of Albert Einstein “It is the supreme art of the teacher to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge” and I as a teacher would like to awaken this joy via music and would prefer to be called an “Educational Rock Star”


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Ade Novea Retty ◽  
Martono Martono ◽  
Teguh Sarosa

This article presents the research results which are: (1) there is a significant difference in grammar mastery between students taught using Inductive Method and students taught using Deductive Method; (2) Inductive Method is more effective than Deductive Method. The research method used in this research is an experimental design. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri in Surakarta in the academic year of 2017/2018. The research population is the eighth-grade students. The samples are class VIII A as the experimental group consisting 28 students and class VIII B as the control group consisting 28 students. The research instrument used to collect the data is a test. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The computation of the t-test shows that t observation (t<sub>o</sub>) = 2.284 is higher than t table <sub>(54. 0.05)</sub> = 2.0048. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference in grammar mastery between the students taught using Inductive Method and the students taught using Deductive Method. The mean score of the experimental group is 58.29, while the mean score of the control group is 46.86.  It can be concluded that Inductive Method is more effective than Deductive Method to teach English grammar.


Studi Arab ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-172
Author(s):  
Moh Munir

Learning Arabic in Indonesia has experienced the ups and downs along with the dynamics of education in Islamic educational institutions. It gives good attention in Arabic teaching is Islamic boarding school. The Islamic boarding school students have not been able to master language skills well, like Arrisalah concerns with speaking skill and Al amin Hudatul Muna 1 concerns with reading skill. This research focused on three aspects: the materials, the instrutions process and the kinds of languages activities in Arabic teaching in modern and salaf Islamic boarding school for class two. It is kind of qualitative study design to describe the results and collecting the data.The results of this study are: (1) the Arabic teaching materials in modern Islamic boarding school consist of 7 subjects, and salaf consist of 5 subjects. (2) the instructional method in modern Islamic boarding school are used grammar translation method, direct method, audio lingual method, reading method and inductive method. The instructional method in salaf islamic boarding school are used grammar translation method and deductive method. (3) the kinds of language activities in modern Islamic boarding school devided into two kinds namely language activities inside the class and language activities outside the class.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Romeo Ciminello

Infrastructures are crucial for sustainable growth and inclusive development of Less Developed Countries.  The problem in hypothesis is the African infrastructure gap, that neither governments nor civil society organizations seems to want to face promoting investments in tangible programs that take into consideration such kinds of important elements aimed to an equal durable and sustainable improvement. The paper starts with a description of recent initiatives to scale up infrastructure investment in Africa. The methodology follows a scheme of hypothesis, observations experiences and data collection from ADB and others Institutions. This research tries to let understand what is the connection between development and infrastructures for human being. The paper then uses insights from the literature on informed versus arm’s length debt to discuss the structure of infrastructure financing. The economic growth and its goal, outlines the difference between structures and infrastructures. The main effort is how to give a weight to these latter in order to measure the empowerment of people that pass through their standard of living based on a system of strategic priorities centered on  infrastructure package investments. Understanding the importance of infrastructures helps to satisfy needs and implement services that even if deemed not essential and substantial, are anyway most  important to the growth of personal and social conditions. In this context the analysis is made on the difference between economic growth and development grounded on structure and infrastructure. The effort is to try to identify indicators able to evidence the contribution ratio of infrastructures to the development, how this can be measured  and how they work in the different fields. The conclusion and implications are that to yield such potential global benefits, Africa’s industrialization would have to be underpinned by a  robust  infrastructure  financing  program.  This  requires a global finance pact among advanced and  developing  countries,  a  shift  in  strategic  approaches,  and  new  models  of  financing. Keywords: Africa, Infrastructure Finance, Economic growth, Development Banks, Integral development economy, Long-term Investors, Development indicators, Economy of Francesco, Lonergan’s new economic vision


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