scholarly journals Avaliação do perfil dosimétrico do setor de hemodinâmica / Hemodynamics sector’s dosimetric profile evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1u) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Luciano De Oliveira Santos ◽  
Erik Lima ◽  
Felipe Favaro Capeleti ◽  
Rafael Eidi Goto ◽  
Homero José de Farias e Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Exposed Individual ◽  
Radiological Images ◽  
Radiation Dosing

Introdução: Os avanços tecnológicos das últimas décadas permitiram que a cardiologia intervencionista se expandisse visivelmente propiciando o diagnóstico e terapêutica de cardiopatias através de procedimentos médicos pouco invasivosguiados por imagens radiológicas de escopia. Devido à necessidade de aproximação ao paciente e ao tubo de raios-X durante todo o procedimento existe um risco potencial para o aumento da dose nos IOEs. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil dosimétrico da sala de hemodinâmica durante um procedimentopadrão utilizando-se medidores de alta precisão. Método: A dosagem de radiação foi realizada no serviço de Hemodinâmica da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo que utiliza um equipamento modelo MAVIG INNOVA IGS 5 da marca General Electrie-GE e no Hospital Santa Isabel, que utilizaum equipamento modelo ALLURA XPER FD 20 da marca PHILIPS. A medição consistiu em observar alterações na dose acumulada principalmente nos pontos em que se concentram os profissionais durante os procedimentos, quando dainterposição de barreira plumbífera através da distribuição da dose nestes pontos. Resultados: O estudo mostrou que a dose pode ser reduzida em até 90% com a interposição da barreira plumbífera de proteção. Foi possível observar a redução de 75% da dose ao aplicarmos a lei do inverso do quadrado da distância nos principais pontos estudados. Conclusão: O uso de aparatos de proteção proporcionou diminuir a alta taxa de dose e a probabilidade de ocorrência dos efeitos biológicos da radiação ionizante.Palavras-chave: Hemodinâmica, Exposição ocupacional, Proteção radiológica, Raios X, Radiologia intervencionistaABSTRACTIntroduction: The technological advances of the last decade allowed the intervencionist cardiology to expand visibly providing the diagnostic and therapeutic of cardiopathies through less invasive medical procedures guided by radiological images of endoscopy. Due to the need for the presence of the patient and the x-ray tube during all the procedure a potencial risk exist in the increase of the dose for the Occupational Exposed Individual (IOEs). Objective: Trace a dosimetric profile of the hemodynamic room during the standard procedure using measuring equipments of high precision. Method: Radiation dosing was performed at the Hemodynamics Service of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, which uses a MAVIG INNOVA IGS 5 model equipment from General Electrie-GE and at Hospital Santa Isabel, which uses an ALLURA XPER FD 20 model equipment. PHILIPS brand. The measurement consisted ofobserving changes in the accumulated dose, mainly in the points where the professionals are concentrated during the procedures, when the lead barrier is interposed through the dose distribution in these points. Results: The studyshowed that the dose can be reduced by up to 90% with the interposition of the protective lead barrier. It was possible to observe a 75% reduction in the dose when applying the inverse law of the square of the distance in the main pointsstudied. Conclusion: The use of protective devices has reducedthe high dose rate and the likelihood of the biologicaleffects of ionizing radiation.Keywords: Hemodynamics, Occupational exposure, X rays,Radiation protection, Radiology Interventional.

The Daily Routine of Students in the Classroom

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Lilian Marques Silva
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Public School ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Technological Advances

The almost instantaneous access to information provided by technological advances has revolutionized the behavior of people and of the classrooms too. Teachers had to adapt themselves to new technologies to maintain students interested and attentive to the discipline being taught. In this work, the behavior of the students of the 6th grade of elementary school II during class was observed. The school chosen is a public school in the State of São Paulo (Brazil). The research was based on data collection. The students were observed by being filmed during six months. The results showed that the students were interested in the classes and committed to the activities. The place that the student chooses to sit in the classroom influences the behavior of the teacher, because the more distant the teacher, the less he participates in the class.

scholarly journals Nanomelanin Potentially Protects the Spleen from Radiotherapy-Associated Damage and Enhances Immunoactivity in Tumor-Bearing Mice

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Le Na ◽  
Sai Duc Loc ◽  
Nguyen Le Minh Tri ◽  
Nguyen Thi Bich Loan ◽  
Ho Anh Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Tnf Α

Radiotherapy side-effects present serious problems in cancer treatment. Melanin, a natural polymer with low toxicity, is considered as a potential radio-protector; however, its application as an agent against irradiation during cancer treatment has still received little attention. In this study, nanomelanin particles were prepared, characterized and applied in protecting the spleens of tumor-bearing mice irradiated with X-rays. These nanoparticles had sizes varying in the range of 80–200 nm and contained several important functional groups such as carboxyl (-COO), carbonyl (-C=O) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups on the surfaces. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with nanomelanin at a concentration of 40 mg/kg before irradiating with a single dose of 6.0 Gray of X-ray at a high dose rate (1.0 Gray/min). Impressively, X-ray caused mild splenic fibrosis in 40% of nanomelanin-protected mice, whereas severe fibrosis was observed in 100% of mice treated with X-ray alone. Treatment with nanomelanin also partly rescued the volume and weight of mouse spleens from irradiation through promoting the transcription levels of splenic Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α). More interestingly, splenic T cell and dendritic cell populations were 1.91 and 1.64-fold higher in nanomelanin-treated mice than those in mice which received X-ray alone. Consistently, the percentage of lymphocytes was also significantly greater in blood from nanomelanin-treated mice. In addition, nanomelanin might indirectly induce apoptosis in tumor tissues via activation of TNF-α, Bax, and Caspase-3 genes. In summary, our results demonstrate that nanomelanin protects spleens from X-ray irradiation and consequently enhances immunoactivity in tumor-bearing mice; therefore, we present nanomelanin as a potential protector against damage from radiotherapy in cancer treatment.

Territorio usado e circuito superior marginal: Equipamentos médicos em campinas, Ribeirão Preto e São José do Rio Preto (SP)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 3302-3312
Author(s):  
Virna Carvalho David
Keyword(s):  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Urban Economy ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
National Production ◽  
Informational Environment ◽  
New Forms Of Work

A tecnociência, a informação e as finanças são variáveis determinantes da globalização e isso se releva também para a saúde. Os avanços tecnológicos no campo da medicina e a recente sofisticação dos serviços de diagnóstico e tratamento revelam a difusão do meio técnico científico e informacional (Santos, 1994), ao mesmo tempo em que reforçam antigas concentrações da produção de bens e de serviços de saúde. No Brasil, o impacto seletivo das modernizações criou uma produtividade geográfica em algumas cidades do estado de São Paulo, como Campinas, Ribeirão Preto e São José do Rio Preto. É, portanto, no contexto da urbanização recente que podemos observar novas formas de trabalho ligadas aos equipamentos médicos que emergem dentro do processo de substituição de umadivisão do trabalho por outra mais moderna. Uma diversidade de agentes com diferentes níveis de capital, tecnologia e organização passa a dinamizar uma economia urbana complexa ligada a rede de cidades do país, dando forma aos circuitos da economia urbana (Santos, 1979). O território usado para produzir e consumir saúde mostrou como a tecnificação da medicina moderna tem beneficiado um processo acelerado de renovação técnica e normativa da produção nacional de aparelhos médicos. O circuito superior marginal desses equipamentos emergente nessas três cidades foi capaz de nos mostrar novos mecanismos de oligopolização da economia urbana e de uso do território   Technoscience, information and finance are determining variables of globalization, and this is also relevant to health. Technological advances in the medical field and the recent sophistication of diagnostic and treatment services reveal the diffusion of the technical scientific and informational environment (Santos, 1994), while at the same time reinforcing old concentrations of the production of goods and health services. In Brazil, the selective impact of modernizations has created a geographical productivity in some cities of the state of São Paulo, such as Campinas, Ribeirão Preto and São José do Rio Preto. It is, therefore, in the context of recent urbanization that we can observe new forms of work linked to medical equipment emerging within the process of replacing one division of labor with a more modern one. A diversity of agents with different levels of capital, technology and organization start to dynamize a complex urban economy linked to the network of cities in the country,shaping the circuits of the urban economy (Santos, 1979). The territory used to produce and consume health showed how the technification of modern medicine has benefited an accelerated process of technical and normative renovation of the national production of medical equipment. The marginal upper circuit of these equipment emerging in these three cities was able to show us new mechanisms of oligopolization of the urban economy and of the use of territory.  

High dose rate brachytherapy with surface applicators: Treatment for nonmelanomatous skin cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 15543-15543 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Musmacher ◽  
M. Ghaly ◽  
K. Satchwill
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Dose Distribution ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Hdr Brachytherapy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
High Dose Rate Brachytherapy ◽  
Lateral Canthus

15543 Background: To assess the use of HDR surface applicators as an alternative radiotherapy modality to external radiation (electrons or low-energy x-rays) for the treatment of skin lesions of the head and neck. Skin carcinomas require efficient and accurate delivery of HDR Brachytherapy, which can be precisely reproduced on an outpatient basis. Methods: Patients were treated to various sites, which included lesions of the face and scalp. Thermoplastic casts were fitted with Leipzig Surface Applicators and custom molded to the patient to treat squamous or basal cell carcinomas ≤ 2 cm in diameter. A custom surface mold applicator (Freiburg Flap) was used for lesions up to 4 cm. Planning target volume included the tumor plus a 5 mm margin. Biweekly photographs of the treatment volume were taken for documentation and monitoring of radiation reactions. Treatment was delivered by HDR Brachytherapy (Ir-192), 5 Gy per fraction, twice per week for four weeks to a 5 mm depth. TLD’s were placed at the center of the treated volume under the applicator and at critical structures (i.e. lateral canthus of the ipsilateral eye, auditory canal or gingivolabial sulcus) twice during the course of treatment. Results: Patients’ setup and reproducibility were accurate and treatment time was short which added great convenience for the patients. With the HDR surface applicators, dose distribution was uniform in the surface of the skin and at 5 mm depth in the whole area of the applicator. Differences between the areas of maximum and minimum dose at this depth did not reach values higher than 5% of the prescribed dose. At the edges of the applicators, the dose gradient was sharp, with the detected dose at 5 mm from the applicator being negligible. An exudative radiation reaction was noted in some patients, which reversed with appropriate therapy. Conclusion: High Dose Rate Brachytherapy offers a highly effective treatment of skin carcinomas. Surface applicators, used in conjunction with HDR brachytherapy equipment, make a uniform dose distribution and sharp dose gradient at the edge of the treatment field. Surface applicators are easy and safe to use, and they fit very accurately for each fraction. These applicators have the ability to become the standard treatment for skin carcinomas in the near future. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Induction of gamma-H2AX Foci in Lymphocytes, Fibroblasts and Tumor Cells by Single and Pulsed High Dose Rate X-rays

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Franken ◽  
B. Pieters ◽  
R. Ten Cate ◽  
A. Güçlü ◽  
L. Stalpers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Rays

Factors associated with adverse reactions to cocaine among a sample of long-term, high-dose users in São Paulo, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleusa P. Ferri ◽  
John Dunn ◽  
Michael Gossop ◽  
Ronaldo Laranjeira
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
High Dose ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Factors Associated

THE PRODUCTION OF MUTATIONS BY THE IRRADIATION OF MONTCALM BARLEY

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
High Dose Rate ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
New Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
New Varieties

Five radiation sources were used to induce mutations in barley. All treatments were given at a dosage of 10,000 r. equivalent. The radiation sources with their respective dose-rates in the region of the irradiated seeds were: a betatron (181.8 r./min.), an X-ray machine (201 r./min.), radium-beryllium (5.3 r./min.), and two Co60 sources (4.5 r./min. and 75.75 r./min.). None of the radiation sources used was more effective than the X-ray treatment in producing mutations. The betatron and the high dose-rate treatments from Co60 appear to be somewhat less effective than X-rays. Over 30 different mutant types were produced, including a number of vital mutants, such as stiff-strawed and early-maturing types. These appear promising as new varieties, but require further agronomic evaluation. It is concluded that mutation induction will become a useful new approach for plant breeders.

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