scholarly journals SPEECH ACT «DIRECTIVE» (ENTREATY, REQUEST, DEMAND AND A THREATENING DEMAND) AS AN ILLOCUTIVE CONCEPT WITH DISTINGUISHING FEATURES

2021 ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Валерьевич Грошев
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Pitch Frequency ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Main Factor

В статье представлены подтипы речевого акта «директив» - мольба, просьба, требование и требование с угрозой - как иллокутивный концепт с дифференцирующими признаками. Просодия выступает главным фактором, разграничивающим данные подтипы. Под иллокутивным концептом понимается ментальный образ, выраженный вербально словом, словосочетанием или предложением. На основе экспериментально-фонетического исследования на уровне частоты основного тона (ЧОТ) были выявлены отличительные просодические особенности мольбы, просьбы, требования и требования с угрозой. The article shows the subtypes of the speech act «directives» - entreaty, request, demand and a threatening demand - as concepts with distinguishing features. Prosody is the main factor delimiting these subtypes. One understands by an illocutionary concept a mental representation expressed orally in terms of a word, phrase or sentence. On the basis of an experimental and phonetic research at the level of pitch frequency, distinguishing features of entreaty, request, demand and a threatening demand were identified.

Model of Ecological (Cultural) Evolutionary Neuropsychiatry

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneliese A. Pontius
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary ◽  
Main Factor

A new model posits that there are specific patterns of groupings of several delayed human cognitive functions or dysfunctions in certain ecological circumstances which characterize a significant portion of a cultural group. It is further posited that such patterns (“ecological syndromes”) are primarily based on as yet unknown neurophysiological givens. This deduction is based on the occurrence of several specific groupings of delayed cognitive functions or dysfunctions that have been identified in diverse time periods and cultural groups where no brain pathology can reasonably be expected. The “ecological syndromes” were, however, noted to be analogous to those found in neuropathology. The main factor contributing to such an “ecological syndrome” appears to be a specifically limited under-use of certain functions not needed for the survival of certain populations without implying any general cultural deprivation. Some examples of “ecological syndromes” are mentioned: low arithmetic skills linked with quantitatively inaccurate pictorial (and implied mental) representation of fingers, low literacy skills linked with specifically inaccurate pictorial (and implied mental) representation of the subtle spatial relations of the configuration of the human face, and an “ecological apractognosia” observed among wigmen of New Guinea.

scholarly journals DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF THE PAINTING MANNER OF MYKHAILO DEINEHA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Denysiuk ◽  
◽  
Anna Postranska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Art Museum ◽  
High Culture ◽  
National University ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Mountain Landscapes ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
Color Scheme ◽  
Unique Style ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Main Factor

Mykhailo Deineha is a prominent artist, painter, weaver, and professor. His creative output includes more than a hundred paintings, each of which is unique. The artist has dedicated more than 30 years to his favorite craft. Mykhailo Deineha is a man of high culture and diverse talents. For many years, he has held the position of director of the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Art Museum and for more than 10 years he has been professor at the Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University. His broad experience and strong academic background that he gained while studying at the Lviv National Academy of Arts contribute to the ability of the artist to create freely. No limitations exist for Deineha in his work, he is not tied to specific plots or techniques. He is constantly experimenting, looking for new ideas and forms. Among the genres in his creative work are most often abstract works and landscapes, sometimes portraits and still lifes. Nature is an inexhaustible source of inspiration for the artist. That is why he often goes to open airs, during which he experiences new feelings and tries to focus on his feelings and emotions. This process is integral to his creative approach, because association is the pillar of all Deineha's works. The associative series become key in the form making, and color is the main means of expression in his works. The artist pays considerable attention to color combinations, because he believes that color is the main factor in creativity after emotions and impressions. The color scheme in the works of the artist is always complex and saturated, and the palette is extremely rich. Although Deineha often likes to use local colors and contrasting combinations, he has a very subtle sense of painting, which is immediately noticeable in his paintings. This is how Mykhailo Deineha’s unique style of work developed — associative painting. This approach implies a clear transmission of associations by the author and a mandatory understanding of the work by the viewer. The work should not be extremely realistic, may have a somewhat simplified character and form, the general features may even be abstract. However, if the author painted the canvas under the impression of mountain landscapes, it will be read immediately and the viewer will be able to feel it for himself.

Above and beyond the content: Feelings influence mental simulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellen Mrkva ◽  
Luca Cian ◽  
Leaf Van Boven
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Simulation ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Prediction Errors

Abstract Gilead et al. present a rich account of abstraction. Though the account describes several elements which influence mental representation, it is worth also delineating how feelings, such as fluency and emotion, influence mental simulation. Additionally, though past experience can sometimes make simulations more accurate and worthwhile (as Gilead et al. suggest), many systematic prediction errors persist despite substantial experience.

Mental representation of economic crisis in Italian and Swiss samples 1The authors would like to thank Maurizio Mistri for his help in the construction of items. This research was supported by a grant from the Italian Murst (ex 40%).

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Savadori ◽  
Eraldo Nicotra ◽  
Rino Rumiati ◽  
Roberto Tamborini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Context ◽  
Cluster Procedure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Important Symptom

The content and structure of mental representation of economic crises were studied and the flexibility of the structure in different social contexts was tested. Italian and Swiss samples (Total N = 98) were compared with respect to their judgments as to how a series of concrete examples of events representing abstract indicators were relevant symptoms of economic crisis. Mental representations were derived using a cluster procedure. Results showed that the relevance of the indicators varied as a function of national context. The growth of unemployment was judged to be by far the most important symptom of an economic crisis but the Swiss sample judged bankruptcies as more symptomatic than Italians who considered inflation, raw material prices and external accounts to be more relevant. A different clustering structure was found for the two samples: the locations of unemployment and gross domestic production indicators were the main differences in representations.

Reading About Persons: The Effects of Conjunctions on the Mental Representation of Person Descriptions

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Krolak-Schwerdt ◽  
Margret Wintermantel ◽  
Nadine Junker ◽  
Julia Kneer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Person Memory ◽  
Causal Connections ◽  
Single Person ◽  
On Line

Three experiments investigated the processing of person descriptions that consisted of a number of statements about the characteristics of a person. In one condition, each statement referred to a single person attribute and in the other condition, causal and additive conjunctions to verbally link the statements were introduced. Evidence was found that the introduction of verbal links enhanced participants’ memory about the characteristics of the described person. On-line measures of processing showed that the comprehension of person information was strongly facilitated by the introduction of verbal links. Furthermore, the results were due to the introduction of causal connections between person attributes. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for models of person memory and representation.

Cognitive Components of Ingroup Projection

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Machunsky ◽  
Thorsten Meiser
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Cognitive Representation ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Projection Model ◽  
Minimal Group ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Superordinate Category ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Per Se

This research investigated whether relative ingroup prototypicality (i.e., the tendency to perceive one’s own ingroup as more prototypical of a superordinate category than the outgroup) can result from a prototype-based versus exemplar-based mental representation of social categories, rather than from ingroup membership per se as previously suggested by the ingroup projection model. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that a prototype-based group was perceived as more prototypical of a superordinate category than an exemplar-based group supporting the hypothesis that an intergroup context is not necessary for biased prototypicality judgments. Experiment 3 introduced an intergroup context in a minimal-group-like paradigm. The findings demonstrated that both the kind of cognitive representation and motivational processes contribute to biased prototypicality judgments in intergroup settings.

Exploring the Boundaries of the Number–Temporal Order Association

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Ganor-Stern
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Numerical Comparison ◽  
Negative Number ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Negative Numbers ◽  
The Past

Past research has shown that numbers are associated with order in time such that performance in a numerical comparison task is enhanced when number pairs appear in ascending order, when the larger number follows the smaller one. This was found in the past for the integers 1–9 ( Ben-Meir, Ganor-Stern, & Tzelgov, 2013 ; Müller & Schwarz, 2008 ). In the present study we explored whether the advantage for processing numbers in ascending order exists also for fractions and negative numbers. The results demonstrate this advantage for fraction pairs and for integer-fraction pairs. However, the opposite advantage for descending order was found for negative numbers and for positive-negative number pairs. These findings are interpreted in the context of embodied cognition approaches and current theories on the mental representation of fractions and negative numbers.

Serial Learning Induces Spatially-Organized Mental Representation

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Girelli ◽  
Paola Previtali ◽  
Maria Dolores De Hevia
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Serial Learning

The Mental Representation of Plurals

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikole D. Patson ◽  
Gerret E. George ◽  
Tessa Warren
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation
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