scholarly journals Formulation and Physical Test of Ethanolic Extract Sambiloto Leaves (Andrographis paniculata) Ointment

Sains Medika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Indri Kusuma Dewi ◽  
Titik Lestari ◽  
Siti Nur Rofi'ah

Introduction: Andrographis paniculata had known contained active substance such as andrographolida, atsiri oil, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, and saponin which functions as antibacterial, antitoxic, analgesic, and anti-pyretic. Based on its antibacterial properties, an ointment form of Andrographis paniculata leaf is then formulated, for practical usage. Ointment formula is semi solid for topical use in the skin or mucosal membranes. Objectives: to know the result of ointment physical test of etanolic extract Andrographis paniculata leaf. Methods: physical tests contain organoleptic test, pH, homogenity, adhesion test and dispersive test. Results: Ointment shaped semi solid, blacky green and special smell of Andrographis paniculata, pH 6, homogenity test obtained homogenous results, adhesion test was 82 second and dispersive test was 5.6 cm. Conclusion: the result of physical tests of etanolic Andrographis paniculata leaf extract ointment appropriate with quality standard.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slamet Slamet ◽  
Waznah U

<p><em><strong>Abstract.</strong></em><em> The </em><em>aim</em><em> of this </em><em>experiment</em><em> </em><em>is</em><em> </em><em>optimiz</em><em>ing</em><em> the preparation of hand body lotion </em><em>from </em><em>tea leaf extract. Some compositions were chosen which were previously oriented to get good preparation consistency. The method used by mixing part A which consists of cetil alcohol, lanolin, stearic acid heated to 70</em><em><sup>0</sup></em><em>c, and part B consists of glycerol, triethanolamine, paraben</em><em> metal</em><em> and aquadest which </em><em>were</em><em> also heated at the same temperature</em><em>, then </em><em>stirred until homogeneous and tea leaf extract </em><em>was</em><em> added. </em><em>Then,</em><em> the hand body lotion produced w</em><em>as</em><em> tested. The test results of hand</em><em> </em><em>body lotion showed a stable preparation from testing for 3 weeks with a semi-solid form, </em><em>green</em><em> colo</em><em>u</em><em>r, </em><em>aroma of </em><em>tea, and homogenity, pH of preparation 7, dispersion test</em><em> :</em><em> </em><em>2.8 x3.1 cm2 - 7x8 cm2, adhesion test </em><em>: </em><em>0.73 seconds - 02.3 seconds. </em><em>The result of i</em><em>rritation test </em><em>showed</em><em> </em><em>that the hand body lotion is </em><em>safe or non-irritating in 10 respondents.</em><em> The</em><em> </em><em>c</em><em>onclusion </em><em>of this experiment is t</em><em>he hand body lotion produced is safe according to the requirements.</em></p><em><strong>Keywords:</strong></em><em> Hand</em><em> </em><em>body lotion, green tea leaf extract, maceration, skin.</em>


Author(s):  
Deepa Thomas ◽  
Latha M S ◽  
Kurien Thomas K

 Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of calcium alginate (Ca-ALG) loaded with ethanolic extract of Adhatoda vasica (A. vasica) leaves against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli).Methods: Ca-ALG beads containing ethanolic extract of A. vasica leaves were developed by ionic gelation technique. The prepared Ca-ALG beads were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial effect of A. vasica leaf extract loaded Ca-ALG beads was examined against S. aureus and E. coli. Results: FT-IR studies revealed the cross-linking of ALG and calcium ions. The spherical morphology of the beads was designated by SEM. The prepared beads were found to display distinctive growth inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli.Conclusion: The antibacterial activity analysis indicated that the prepared beads have good activity against S. aureus and E. coli. The present study proposes a strategy to enhance antibacterial properties of ALG which are widely used in biomedical applications.


PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Gichella C. J. Somba ◽  
Hosea Jaya Edi ◽  
Jainer P. Siampa

ABSTRACT This study aims to test the antibacterial effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Kaliandra leaf cream and evaluate the preparations using parameters of physical properties, physical stability, and sterility. Kaliandra leaf (Calliandra surinamensis) contains compounds such as flavonoid, saponins and tannins that can inhibit the growth of bacteria. This research uses laboratory experimental methods. Cream preparation formula is made with variations in the concentration of ethanol extract of Kaliandra leaves 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%. Kaliandra leaf extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent. The study of antibacterial test of ethanol extract of Kaliandra leaf extract using the method of Staphylococcus aures produced inhibitory power of 5.09 ± 0.88 mm at a concentration of 6%. The physical evaluation of the cream preparation includes organoleptic examination (odor, color, shape), homogeneity, pH testing, adhesion, dispersion, cycling test. All tests are carried out before and after the cycling test. The results obtained before and after the cycling test showed that the cream preparations met organoleptic requirements, homogeneity, cream pH 6.07 (4.5-6.5), cream adhesion 4.59 seconds (<4 seconds), cream dispersion  6.19 cm (5-7 cm). Cream sterility testing shows that the cream is sterile. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Kaliandra leaves cream meets the physical test parameters, is stable and has moderate antibacterial activity. Keywords : Kaliandra Leaf (Calliandra surinamensis), Cream, Antibacterial, Staphylococcous aureus.  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas antibakteri sediaan krim ekstrak etanol daun Kaliandra dan mengevaluasi sediaan dengan menggunakan parameter uji sifat fisik, stabilitas fisik, dan sterilitas. Daun Kaliandra (Calliandra surinamensis) merupakan tanaman yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin dan tannin yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorium, Formula sediaan krim dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun Kaliandra 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%. Ekstrak daun Kaliandra diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Penelitian uji antibakteri sediaan krim esktrak etanol daun Kaliandra menggunakan metode sumuran pada bakteri Staphylococcus aures menghasilkan daya hambat 5,09±0,88 mm pada konsentrasi 6%. Evaluasi fisik sediaan krim meliputi pemeriksaan organoleptis (bau, warna,  bentuk), homogenitas, pengujian pH, daya  lekat,  daya  sebar, uji cycling test. Semua pengujian dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah cycling test. Hasil penelitian yang didapat sebelum dan sesudah cycling test menunjukkan bahwa sediaan krim memenuhi persyaratan organoleptis, homogenitas, pH krim 6,07 (4,5-6,5), daya lekat krim 4,59 detik (<4 detik), daya sebar krim 6,19 cm (5-7 cm). Pengujian sterilitas krim menunjukan bahwa krim steril. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan krim ekstrak etanol daun Kaliandra memenuhi parameter uji fisik, stabil dan memiliki aktivitas  antibakteri yang sedang. Kata kunci : Daun Kaliandra (Calliandra surinamensis), Krim, Antibakteri, Staphlococcous aureus.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deny Pradana Saputro ◽  
Muhammad Riski Adi Wijaya ◽  
Muhammad Fadli Dongoran

Management of physical test result for adolescent pencak silat category in the current state is done manually so that it is prone to make errors and takes a long time which causes the data processing of test results to be less effective and efficient. This study aims to determine the needs of trainers for software to managing the physical results of adolescent pencak silat fighting category. The research method used is descriptive. Subjects involved in this study amounted to 6 trainers with certified trainer criteria, had accompanied competing athletes and academics who possessed theoretical and practical pencak silat knowledge. Data collection using was a questionnaire. Data analysis used descriptive statistics. The results of this study show that: the trainer had held physical exercises and physical tests for pencak silat. Physical tests conducted use the composition of adolescent pencak silat test match category. To run a simple test process, a physical pencak silat physical test guide is needed, together with norms for the assessment of test results. The results of physical tests that have been carried out are used to evaluate physical conditions and determine the training program. In order for the process of managing physical test results to be more effective and efficient, it is necessary to obtain the software for processing the results of adolescent pencak silat physical tests in match category. The conclusion of this research is there is a need of software for managing the physical test results of adolescent pencak silat in the fighting category.


PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 860
Author(s):  
Esterlina A. Puluh ◽  
Hosea Jaya Edi ◽  
Jainer P. Siampa

ABSTRACT Avocado leaves contain the compounds such as saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and quercetin which are as antibacterial properties. This study aims to obtain the best concentration of the formula of peel off gel mask preparation of avocado leaf ethanol extract (Persea americana Mill.) Based on antibacterial activity test and prove the quality preparation based on the test parameters of physical properties, physical stability and sterility.This study used a laboratory experimental methods, the formula for the preparation of avocado leaf extract peel off gel mask was made with a concentration variation of 0.1%; 0.15%; 0.2%; 0.25% and 0.3%. Avocado leaf extract is obtained by maceration using 96% of ethanol solvent. The largest diameter of inhibition zone of antibacterial testing with wells method is at a concentration of 0.3% with a diameter of the inhibition zone 3 mm ± 0.32 and the ability of inhibition is categorized as weak. The physical test and the stability of the preparation meet the evaluation parameters of the physical preparation before storage, but after storage the preparation does not meet the test requirements when drying. It can be concluded that the preparation of the extract of avocado leaf peel off gel mask meets the physical test parameters, is stable and has weak antibacterial activity. Keywords: Avocado Leaf (Persea americana Mill.), Peel off mask, Antibacterial, Sterility Test. ABSTRAK Daun Alpukat memiliki kandungan antara lain saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, quersetin yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi terbaik dari formula sediaan masker gel peel off ekstrak etanol daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) berdasarkan uji aktivitas antibakteri serta membuktikan sediaan yang berkualitas berdasarkan parameter uji sifat fisik, stabilitas fisik dan sterilitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental laboratorium, formula sediaan masker gel peel off ekstrak daun Alpukat dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,1%; 0,15%; 0,2%; 0,25% dan 0,3%. Ekstrak tanaman daun alpukat diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian antibakteri dengan metode sumuran diameter zona hambat yang paling besar yaitu pada konsentrasi 0,3% dengan diameter zona hambat 3 mm ± 0,32 dan kemampuan daya hambat dikategorikan lemah.  Pada uji fisik dan stabilitas sediaan memenuhi parameter evaluasi sediaan fisik sebelum penyimpanan, tapi setelah penyimpanan sediaan tidak memenuhi persyaratan uji waktu mengering. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan masker gel peel off ekstrak etanol daun alpukat memenuhi parameter uji fisik, stabil dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang lemah. Kata kunci: Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.), Masker peel off, Antibakteri, Uji Sterilitas.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Syahrida Dian Ardhany ◽  
Yunari Puspitasari ◽  
Yuyun Meydawati ◽  
Susi Novaryatiin

Bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.)urb) is one of plants of Central Kalimantan. Empirically, Bawang dayak is used to treat skin problems, one of them is acne vulgaris, so that it is necessary to test the inhibition of ethanolic extract of Bawang Dayak against acne causing such as P.acnes.  In the pharmaceutical world there is still no research conducted on the manufacture of antiacne cream contain ethanolic extract of Bawang Dayak bulbs, so the researchers conducted it to improve the efficiency of the use of traditional medicine. The results of phytochemical screening showed that ethanolic extract of bawang dayak contained flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tanin and catechol with the inhibition zone classified as moderate activity at the concentration of 1% and weak activity at other concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%). Based on the evalution of cream preparations the results of the organoleptic test for antuacne cream have a dark brown color and distinctive odor, homogen for homogeneity test, adhesion test and dispersion test according to the requirements and the pH observation showed ph (6) suitable for topical application. Based on these results, the evaluation antiacne cream fulfills the physical test, but it needs to be developed further for stability and effectiveness of antiacne cream against the bacteria acnes causing.   


2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 543-546
Author(s):  
Juliana Cortez Barbosa ◽  
Anderson Luiz da Silva Michelon ◽  
Elen Aparecida Martines Morales ◽  
Cristiane Inácio de Campos ◽  
André Luis Christoforo ◽  
...  

The aim of this research was to produce three-layer Medium Density Particleboard (MDP), with the addition of impregnated paper, in the inner layer, in proportions of 1; 5 and 20%. In this study, MDP was composed with particles of small size in outer layers, and larger particles in internal layer. After panel manufacturing, physical and mechanical tests based on Brazilian Code ABNT NBR 14.810 were carried out to determine moisture content; density; thickness swelling; water absorption; modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in static bending and internal adhesion. Test results were compared to commercial panels, produced with 100% Eucalyptus, considering the requirements specified by Brazilian Code. Properties presented values close to normative specifications, indicating positively the possibility of production of MDP using addition of waste paper impregnated.


Author(s):  
Sruthi Radhakrishnan

Green route for the synthesis of nanoparticles has become more acceptable than the other chemical as well as biological route. In the present study, silver nanoparticle is synthesized using ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava leaves. Further the synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible Spec, FT-IR, X-Ray Diffraction FESEM and E-DAX. The results of FT-IR provided evidence of the involvement of phytochemicals present in the leaf extract in the reduction of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles. XRD confirmed the crystalline structure as well as shape of the synthesized nanoparticle as face-centred cubic. E-DAX profiling helped in determining the presence of elemental silver. The size of the nanoparticle procured by SEM analysis was found to be approximately 30-50 nm in size. Thus, the findings of this study showed that the plant assisted method for silver nanoparticle synthesis is more effective and further application level studies can shed lights on their use in healing of various human ailments.   


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Usunomena Usunobun ◽  
Gabriel Anyanwu

Background: Liver disease and toxicity is common, especially with many drug treatments. The effect of Vernonia amygdalina ethanolic leaf extract post-treatment on rats pre-treated with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was evaluated.Methods: Male wistar rats were orally administered DMN (single dose of 25 mg/kg) on first day and thereafter post-treated with 100 and 200mg/kg ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina for seven days. Analysis of serum concentrations of albumin, total protein, total bilirubin and glucose were carried out.Results: Administration of DMN alone to rats significantly increased glucose and total bilirubin concentration (P < 0.05) in the serum while it significantly reduced (P<0.05) serum total protein and albumin concentrations when compared with controls. However, post-treatment of DMN administered rats with 100 and 200 mg/kg ethanolic extract leaf of Vernonia amygdalina significantly (P<0.05) reversed these changes in a concentration dependent manner.Conclusion: In conclusion ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina have a potent hypoglycaemic and hepatoprotective action against dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver damage in rats may be due to its antioxidant properties.


2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisi O. Adeoye ◽  
Ademola A. Oyagbemi ◽  
Ebunoluwa R. Asenuga ◽  
Temidayo O. Omobowale ◽  
Adeolu A. Adedapo

Abstract Background Cisplatin (CP) is a novel drug of choice in the treatment of cancer but its major limitation is nephrotoxicity, which is dose limiting. Andrographis paniculata (AP) is a common Indian dietary component. It is well known for its medicinal properties. This present study investigated the nephroprotective effect of ethanol leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata (EEAP) on CP-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods CP was used to induce nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats to study the effect of EEAP on renal damages using hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, histology, and immunohistochemistry studies. Results The effects of EEAP were determined by CP-induced changes in different kidney tissue on antioxidant enzymes, markers of oxidative stress, serum creatinine, and urine parameters. Administration of EEAP (200 mL/kg and 400 mg/kg orally), prior to and following a single dose CP treatment (10 mg/kg i.p), significantly mitigated the CP-induced decrease in antioxidant enzymes, and increase in markers of oxidative stress, serum creatinine, and urinary protein. On histopathological examination of the kidney tissue, there was severe glomerular degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells in CP only treated rats, mild glomerular degeneration, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in EEAP pre-treated rats. Furthermore, EEAP activated Nrf2 and mitigated Kim-1 pathways in CP-induced nephrotoxicity. Conclusions The results showed the protective effect of EEAP against CP-induced nephrotoxicity.


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