scholarly journals Changes in the glycogen content of Lammellidens marginalis after exposure of acute toxicity of Cadmium in winter season

Author(s):  
Shaikh Yasmeen ◽  
T. S. Pathan
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ajebli ◽  
Ayoub Amssayef ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks

Aims: The current study was carried out in order to assess the antihyperglycemic effect of Scorzonera undulata (S. undulata). Backgroud: Scorzonera undulata subsp. deliciosa (DC.) Maire is used in the Moroccan pharmacopeia for managing diabetes. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the anithyperglycemic activity in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetic rats as well as the acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of the roots of Scorzonera undulata (S. undulata). Methods: This study investigated the effects of the root aqueous extract of Scorzonera undulata (AERSU) at a dose of 20 mg/kg on blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats and the acute toxicity of AERSU was examined. Histopathological examination, preliminary phytochemical investigation, determination of glycogen content and evaluation of α-amylase were also performed. Result: Both single and repeated oral doses of AERSU (20 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction of blood glucose levels in normal and diabetic rats. Furthermore, repeated oral administration of AERSU during 15 days increased the glycogen content in the liver in both normal and diabetic rats, inhibited α-amylase activity and improved the histological architecture of the liver and pancreas in treated diabetic rats and ameliorated some biochemical parameters such as ALT and AST. In addition, the preliminary phytochemical investigation showed the richness of the roots of S. undulata in certain phytochemicals particularly in polyphenols. Conclusion: AERSU exhibits an evident antihyperglycemic activity. This pharmacological effect may be due at least to protection of surviving pancreatic β cells, to the protection of hepatocytes, to α-amylase inhibitory effect and to the improvement of glycogen storage in the liver. The dose used in this study seems to be free of any toxicity.


Author(s):  
Mohammed Ajebli ◽  
Ayoub Amssayef ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Scorzonera undulata. Background: Scorzonera undulata ssp deliciosa, locally known as “Guiz”, is used as a phytomedicine in Morocco and Algeria to treat different health problems. Interestingly, it is used in the Moroccan pharmacopeia to treat diabetes. To our knowledge, this medicinal herb has never been investigated for any pharmacological activity. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of the aerial part of Scorzonera undulata (SUAP) in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats and to assess the acute toxicity of this extract in Wistar rats. Methods: This study investigated the effects of SUAP at a dose of 20 mg/kg on blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)- induced diabetic rats. The acute toxicity of SUAP was examined according to the OECD test guideline; rats were divided into four groups of each sex and orally received the SUAP (1000, 2000, or 3000 mg/kg BW). Post-treatment, body weight, signs of toxicity, and/or mortality were observed during 14 days. Other assays such as histopathological examination, preliminary phytochemical investigation, determination of glycogen content and evaluation of α-amylase were performed according to standard protocols. Results: Findings of the current study depicted that both single and repeated oral administration of SUAP (20 mg/kg) generated significant fall in the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. A single oral administration of SUAP (at highest dose of 3000 mg/kg BW) had no significant acute toxicological effects, and oral LD50 of SUAP was greater than 3000 mg/kg. Furthermore, repeated oral administration of SUAP during 15 days led to increase the liver glycogen content in diabetic rats, to improve the histopathological structure of the liver and pancreas in SUAP-treated diabetic rats and to ameliorate some biochemical parameters such as ALT and creatinine. SUAP had no effect on αamylase activity. In addition, the preliminary phytochemical investigation showed the richness of the roots of SUAP in some phytochemicals, particularly the polyphenols. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the antihyperglycemic effect of Scorzonera undulata in diabetic rats which could be involved through improvement of liver structure and function. In addition, the dose used is not toxic. Finally, the extract contains large amounts of bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols.


Author(s):  
Karanjkar D. M. ◽  
V. Y. Deshpande

<div><p><em>Fingerlings of freshwater fish Gonoproktopterus kolus (Sykes) were exposed to Ferric Chloride (FeCl<sub>3</sub>) in acute toxicity (96 hr.) experiment. The LC<sub>0</sub> and LC<sub>50</sub>concentrations were 1.370 ppm and 1.928 ppm respectively. After acute exposure, various tissues viz. gill, liver, muscle, kidney and intestine were obtained separately from control, LC<sub>0</sub> and LC<sub>50</sub> groups. These tissues were subjected for  estimations of glycogen, protein and lipid using standard methods. As compared to control group, the glycogen content in all the tissues decreased considerably. The total protein content decreased in all tissues except, kidney in LC<sub>0</sub> group. Total lipid content decreased in all tissues after acute exposure, as compared to control group.  It was observed  that, the fish Gonoproktopterus kolus exposed to Ferric Chloride in acute toxicity experiment caused depletion in biochemical composition in various tissues.</em></p></div>


Author(s):  
Corazon D. Bucana

In the circulating blood of man and guinea pigs, glycogen occurs primarily in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets. The amount of glycogen in neutrophils increases with time after the cells leave the bone marrow, and the distribution of glycogen in neutrophils changes from an apparently random distribution to large clumps when these cells move out of the circulation to the site of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to further investigate changes in glycogen content and distribution in neutrophils. I chose an intradermal site because it allows study of neutrophils at various stages of extravasation.Initially, osmium ferrocyanide and osmium ferricyanide were used to fix glycogen in the neutrophils for ultrastructural studies. My findings confirmed previous reports that showed that glycogen is well preserved by both these fixatives and that osmium ferricyanide protects glycogen from solubilization by uranyl acetate.I found that osmium ferrocyanide similarly protected glycogen. My studies showed, however, that the electron density of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles was lower in samples fixed with osmium ferrocyanide than in samples fixed with osmium ferricyanide.


Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381
Author(s):  
GM Avila-Villarreal ◽  
DE Giles-Rivas ◽  
B Aguilar-Guadarrama ◽  
P Castillo-España ◽  
S Estrada-Soto

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 588-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B Goodsell ◽  
R. A Krause ◽  
E. T Kimura

SummaryUbiquin (oligo-3-(N-methylmorpholinium)-l,2-propylene oxide chloride) is a stable, water soluble, active heparin antagonist producing prompt neutralization when administered in a 1:1 ratio to rats and dogs. Initial studies indicate that it is devoid of any effect on coagulation per se; nor are there any obvious side effects manifested during the process of neutralization. The acute toxicity is less than that of other compounds in use: toluidine blue, protamine and hexadimethrine.


2019 ◽  
Vol 331 (8) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
N.Y. Morozov ◽  
◽  
S.I. Tchukina ◽  
E.I. Koveshnikova ◽  
◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-614
Author(s):  
Murtala M. Namadina ◽  
H. Haruna ◽  
U. Sanusi

Most of biochemical reactions in the body generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related disorders like diabetes, nephrotoxicity, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, inflammation and neurological disorders when they attack biochemical molecules like proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. Antioxidants are used to protect the cells or tissues against potential attack by ROS. Most medicinal plants possess a rich source of antioxidants such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids among others. These phytochemicals are currently pursued as an alternative and complimentary drug. In this study, phytochemical components, antioxidant and acute toxicity study of the methanol extract of stem bark and root of F. sycomorus were carried out using standard methods. Findings from this study revealed the presence of some diagnostic microscopical features such as calcium oxalate, starch, gum/mucilage, lignin, Aleurone grain, suberized/Cuticular cell wall and inulin but calcium carbonate was absent in stem bark but present in the powdered root. Quantitative physical constants include moisture contents (6.40% and 7.82%), ash value (7.20% and 9.30 %) in stem bark and root respectively. Carbohydrates, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycoside, steroid, triterpenes and phenols were present in all the extracts. They were found to exhibit potent 1,1,-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free scavenging activity. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the extracts showed the following trend Ascorbic acid < stem bark extract˃ root extract. The LD50 of the methanolic stem bark and root extracts were found to be greater than 5000 mg /kg and is considered safe for use. Nonetheless, further


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